In the early spring of 1219, Mahamat walked out of the warm palace with a handful of snow in his right hand, knowing that his empire would dissipate over the land like spring snow. He did not give in, he sat alone in the palace, pondered and chose the best response - a protracted war. He was to hold back the enemy with a strong city, and then he would fight back. He had heard the prayers of Mount Bhurhan in the distance, and he did not believe that Allah would abandon him and his people to the infidels.
After nearly 20 years of conquest, at this time Mahamat had 400,000 troops, and the territory of Khorezm stretched from Tarath (Talas) in the east, Persia in the west, the Aral Sea in the north, and India in the south, including present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, eastern Iraq and Israel.
In 1218, Emperor Genghis (Note: Genghis Khan is a foreign term in modern times, and it has always been called Emperor Genghis Khan or Emperor Taizu in ancient China, so this article uses the term of Emperor Genghis Khan. A merchant group of 450 people was sent to the border of Khorezm and carried 500 camels carrying gold, silver, silk, camel hair fabrics, beaver skins, mink skins and other precious goods**. After the caravan reached the city of Tatara in the upper reaches of the Syr Darya River, the garrison commander Yinar accused the caravan of spies and executed the members of the caravan and confiscated all their belongings because the garrison commander Yinar was greedy for money. One of them escaped from prison and reported to Emperor Genghis about the murder of the caravan. Emperor Genghis did not want to go deep into the unknown land, hoping that the two sides could resolve the dispute through peaceful means, so he sent three envoys led by Bahrat (from the Western Regions) to Khorezm to ask for the perpetrators. The envoy conveyed to Mahamat the decree of Emperor Genghis: If the cruelty of the merchant is not the king's order, then please pay me with the guard and listen to my punishment, otherwise prepare for war. Although Mahamat wanted to punish him, he could only give up because he was hindered by his mother, the Empress Dowager Bald. In the face of the threat of war, Mahamat was not afraid, but felt that it was disrespectful to him and a desecration of his dignity. He refused Emperor Genghis's request and killed the envoys, shaved the hair and beards of the two deputies, and expelled the envoys of the Mongol Khanate. Emperor Genghis vowed to avenge the dead. According to legend, Emperor Genghis heard the news, "Crying in anger, climbing to the top of a mountain, without a crown, after untying the belt, kneeling on the ground to ask for revenge, fasting and praying for three days and nights before descending the mountain." ”
Never afraid of battle and death from a young age, Mahamat tested the strength of his enemies and tried to deter them, now that war was inevitable. In 1218, Jochi led an army to pursue the remnants of the Mur beggars to the vicinity of Kangli, and Mahamat took advantage of the fact that the Mongol Khan's ** team and the Mi'er beggars had just finished the battle, and pursued them to the Mongol Khan** team for a day. Jochi sent an envoy to say, "The two countries are not at war, and they have been ordered by Emperor Genghis to treat each other as friendship if they encounter the army of Khorezm." Please divide the people and things of the beggars who have been obtained. ”
Mahamat knew that this was not a rare opportunity, so he replied to the Mongol commander: "Although Emperor Genghis commanded you not to strike me, God commanded me to strike you." I want to destroy the idols in order to answer the heavens. "Jochi had no choice but to fight. However, the form of the battlefield was greatly unexpected by Mahamat, and the Jochi army first attacked and retreated the left flank of the Huathornzim army, and then advanced to the middle army where Mahamat was located. The two sides fought until evening, and after nightfall the Jochi army lit many torches and galloped away, and by dawn they had disappeared. After the battle, Mahamat was deeply anxious and sighed to the people around him: "I have encountered many enemies, but I have never seen such a soldier. "A generation of conquerors could not help but feel some apprehension and timidity in their hearts, and could only hope that the distance would discourage the main forces of the Mongol Khanate.
In 1218, the beating of war drums resounded throughout the Mongolian plateau, and Emperor Genghis gathered all the kings and important ministers in the steppe, and decided to go to Mahama to organize the army. At the end of the year, he ordered his younger brother Chijin Nayan to stay in Mongolia and set off from the Suo army. In the summer of 1219, the Mongol Khan** team rested on the banks of the Shihe River (present-day Irtysh River) in Ye'er and then moved south. In the autumn of that year, the army crossed Ili to the sea. The Hui king Balshu, the new king of Ili Alimari, the Jin of Sykenak, and the Hashuruhan Arslan each led their armies to join the Western Expedition. ** The famous historian Barthold estimated that the Mongol Khanate's westward expedition was about 150,000 to 200,000 men. Emperor Genghis divided his army into four: the first army was led by the two princes of Chagatai and Ogedei, and attacked the city of Thorn; The second army, led by the eldest son Jochi, was the right army, flanking the city of felt; The third army was the Left Route Army, flanking the city of Bernaket, led by three generals such as Ajapo; Emperor Genghis and his young son dragged Lei Shuai's Chinese army and attacked the city of Buhuashu (present-day Bukhara). The four-way army, at the same time, attacked on all fronts.
Although Mahamat had 400,000 warriors, he was deeply worried when he heard that the Mongol Khan was approaching. Zamuhe once compared the advantages and disadvantages of himself and Temujin, saying, "In this life, the fame of both you and me is known from the land of the rising sun to the land of the setting sun. Ann A, thou hast a wise mother, who gave birth to thy hero, thou hast thy capable brothers, thy friends and companions are all heroic, and thou hast seventy-three war horses, and therefore I have been defeated by thee. And I lost my parents since I was a child, and I had no brothers, and my wife was a long-tongued woman, and I had no friends to rely on, so I was defeated by the destiny of Andayou. On the way to attack Baghdad, his biological mother, the Empress Dowager Baldhan, took the opportunity to seize power, and forced Mahamo to abolish the throne of the brave eldest grandson Zalandin and replace her beloved grandson Wusi Rahei. The country is hard to come together because of the antagonism between mother and child.
Although the number of Khorezm's army was larger than that of Emperor Genghis's, the strict discipline of Khorezm's army, the blind obedience of its soldiers, and the habit of endurance and service were all inferior to that of Emperor Genghis's army. And the will to fight is also inferior, the enemy belongs to the enraged side. It was not a suitable choice to decide whether the Mongol Khan's ** team had come from afar with the cavalry on the plain, so he rejected the proposal for a decisive battle. Choose to scatter your army in the rivers and Khorezm fortresses, while you avoid the battlefield and wait for the opportunity to move. Mahamat and most of his generals hoped that the enemy would retreat after plundering the ruined land.
In 1219-1225, in Khorizm, Emperor Genghis, the conqueror of the East, fought an epic war with Mahamat the conqueror of the West. It was the largest mobile warfare ever used by cavalry, and it changed the course of history in West Asia and Europe. In the past year, the ** regiment of the Mongolian Khan charged into battle, and the Khorezm army resisted one after another. In the end, the Mongolian Khan ** regiment swept through Huathornzim, and then captured Khorasan, Afghanistan and other places. At the same time, the generals Jebe and Subutai led 20,000 troops to wrap cowhide in twigs as sheaths, Tibetan ordnance uniforms were used in the middle, tied to the sheaths, held the horse's tail, followed by swimming, raised troops to intercept the stream, crossed the Amu Darya River, and pursued Mahamat. The strength of the enemy completely crushed Khorezm's will to resist, and the Khorezm Empire fought against the strongest legion of that era, Mahamat wanted to defend Iraq, but the princes and nobles who followed him were very afraid of the Mongol Khanate, and when they heard the news of the attack of the Mongol Khan's ** team, they rushed to be the first, and the soldiers were all defeated.
Mahamat took his sons and took refuge in Harenburg. On the way, he met the Mongolian Khan's ** team, but he didn't know it as Mahamat, but he just shot it. Mahamat was wounded several times, but he still carried it into the city of Harun. Mahamat stayed for a day, changed his horse, and fled to Baghdad. Halfway through, the Mongol Khan ** lost his time, although he had a traitor as a guide. Mahamat then became frightened and traveled from city to city, and finally fled to the Caspian Sea with nothing to meet the ministers. At this time, Mahamat was so discouraged that he went to the mosque five times a day to pray that the imam would recite the Koran, and he could not help but weep bitterly. He vowed that if he could restore his homeland in the future, he would make his land walk in the way of Allah. Within a few days, the Mongol Khanate pursued its troops. Mahamat hurriedly boarded the boat, and the soldiers fired arrows from the land, and several enemy soldiers rode into the sea on prancing horses and chased the boats, and they drowned. Mahamat sailed ashore and exclaimed, "There are many kingdoms of king's land, but countless cubits of earth can be used as graves." ”
The emaciated Mahamat was seriously ill by this time, and he knew that he was going to die. He looked at the sunset on the horizon, he knew that shame and accusation would accompany him to sleep, and then he was relieved, he loved this land, and now he would sleep in this land. He gave everything he had, including the country, the people, and the sword, to his best son, Zalandin, who would live up to the bravery that Mahamat had bestowed upon him. Mahamat was buried in the middle of the island, hastily without a burial garment, that is, wrapped in his shirt. This was the life of Mahamat the Conqueror.