Woodland fertilization is a very important part of forestry production, which aims to improve the quality of woodland soil and provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of forest trees, so as to increase the yield and quality of forest trees. Forest land fertilization mainly includes the following three elements: soil improvement, fertilization and vegetation management.
1. Soil improvement.
Soil improvement is the basic work of forest land fertilization, which aims to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. Common soil improvement measures include:
1.Deep soil ploughing: By deep ploughing of the soil, soil compaction can be broken, soil permeability can be increased, which is conducive to the growth of roots and nutrient absorption. At the same time, deep ploughing can also mix organic matter such as litter and leaves on the ground into the soil and increase the content of soil organic matter.
2.Drainage and irrigation: A good drainage and irrigation system is key to maintaining soil fertility. Through the construction of drainage ditches, irrigation canals and other facilities, soil moisture can be effectively regulated, the soil can be avoided from being too wet or too dry, and a good water environment can be provided for the growth of forest trees.
3.Soil conditioning: According to the nature of the soil and the needs of the trees, appropriate soil conditioners, such as lime, gypsum, etc., can be selected to adjust the pH of the soil and improve the availability of soil nutrients.
2. Fertilization. Fertilization is the core measure of forest land fertilization, and its purpose is to provide sufficient nutrients for forest trees and promote the growth and development of forest trees. Fertilization should be based on the type, growth stage and soil condition of the forest to determine the type, amount and time of fertilization.
1.Organic fertilizer application: Organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer application of woodland, which can provide comprehensive nutrients, improve soil structure and improve soil fertility. Common organic fertilizers include livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, etc. The application of organic fertilizer should be appropriate and uniform to avoid soil pollution caused by excessive application.
2.Chemical fertilizer application: Chemical fertilizer is an important means of replenishing soil nutrients, which can quickly provide the nutrients needed by forest trees. However, the application of chemical fertilizers needs to be cautious, and excessive application may lead to problems such as soil compaction and nutrient imbalance. Therefore, when applying chemical fertilizers, the amount and time of fertilization should be reasonably determined according to the soil nutrient status and forest requirements.
3.Application of microbial fertilizers and biofertilizers: With the development of biotechnology, microbial fertilizers and biofertilizers are more and more widely used in woodland fertilization. These fertilizers can promote the growth and nutrient uptake of forest trees by improving the soil microbial environment, increasing soil biological activity.
3. Vegetation management.
Vegetation management is an important part of woodland fertilization, which aims to improve the biodiversity and ecological function of woodland through reasonable vegetation allocation and management, and provide a good ecological environment for forest growth.
1.Management of understory vegetation: Understory vegetation is an important part of woodland ecosystem, which can reduce soil erosion, improve soil fertility, improve soil structure, etc. Therefore, in the process of forest land fertilization, attention should be paid to the management and protection of understory vegetation to avoid excessive cutting and destruction.
2.Vegetation restoration and reconstruction: For highly degraded forest lands, vegetation restoration and reconstruction work is required. By planting suitable tree species and grass species, the vegetation coverage of the woodland can be increased and the ecological function of the woodland can be improved.
3.Vegetation intercropping and crop rotation: In the process of forest land fertilization, vegetation intercropping and crop rotation can be used to improve the utilization rate and output benefits of forest land. For example, in the early stage of forest growth, some fast-growing, high-yield crops or cash crops can be planted under the forest to increase the economic income of the forest land. As the trees grow and mature, the vegetation structure can be gradually adjusted to achieve sustainable use of the forest land.
In summary, forest land fertilization mainly includes soil improvement, fertilization and vegetation management. These three measures are interrelated and mutually reinforcing, and together constitute a complete system of forest land fertilization. Through the scientific and rational implementation of these measures, the quality and fertility level of forest soil can be effectively improved, the soil environment and nutrient support for forest growth can be provided, and the sustainable development of forestry production can be promoted.