In the past, on the Internet, celebrities and public figures represented by "short, big and tight" vigorously promoted ** culture, and depicted ** as an era of masters and celebrities.
Many people who do not have an in-depth understanding of history are misled by it and believe that ** is an era of prosperity and abundance, so that a wave of nostalgia has formed on the Internet. However, when you really understand the history of ** more than 30 years, you will find that the common people at that time lived in extreme hardship and lived in dire straits.
With the exception of major cities such as Beiping, Wuhan, Guangzhou, and Shanghai, hundreds of millions of Chinese people live no different from those of the feudal era. Famines, wars, plagues, and bandits occurred frequently, and talented and beautiful women wrote books, played the piano, and went to school on the city walls, while the ordinary people struggled on the edge of life and death.
* During this period, the problem of banditry was particularly serious, and it was unprecedented even in the entire history of China. In Sichuan Province, where the warlord melee was most serious, several "big marshals" fought for more than ten years without distinguishing the winner or loser, causing the land of abundance to fall into chaos.
The vacuum of many warlords' territories was occupied by bandits, which has been a problem for Sichuan for decades. Among the bandits in Sichuan, Huang Qingyuan was known as the "Emperor of Northern Sichuan", and his nature was the worst and his influence was the most extensive.
The Huang brothers wreaked havoc until after the liberation, when the People's Liberation Army entered the southwest region and successfully eliminated the Four Tigers of the Yellow Gate. So, how did Huang Qingyuan get his fortune? Why did he set off a monstrous wave in northern Sichuan?
What is the final outcome of the "Four Tigers of the Yellow Gate"?
Huang Qingyuan, a native of Zitong County, Mianyang, Sichuan, was born in 1898 and died in 1951. His family was well-off at the end of the Qing Dynasty, his father was famous, and his family had fields, so he could have been a good citizen.
However, his father eventually sent him to the "robe brother", which led him to the path of banditry. Huang Qingyuan's father, Huang Dezhai, was a talented man in the late Qing Dynasty, and he was also a "robe brother".
Although he was proficient in the Four Books and the Five Classics, he had a bad personality, gambled and smoked a lot, and his family was ruined. Huang Dezhai smoked a lot of cigarettes and smoked dozens of acres of land at home, borrowed a lot of debt, and his life was about to be unsustainable.
At that time, the Huang family had four children, the eldest Huang Qingyuan, the second Huang Yongru, the third Huang Fuchu and the fourth son Huang Liaoru. For the sake of his sons, he decided to live a simple life.
Therefore, he asked the eldest Huang Qingyuan to be a robe brother, go to the rivers and lakes to eat, and at the same time show the way for his younger brothers. Huang Dezhai has many friends in the rivers and lakes, and through their introduction, Huang Qingyuan worshipped Jing Junqing, a "brother in a sitting hall" at that time, as a teacher.
Huang Qingyuan, who was only 16 years old, stepped into the ranks of the robe brothers and stepped into the bandits. Sichuan's "Brother Pao" originated from the "Elders' Association", and was listed as the top three gangs along with the Qing Gang and the Hong Gang.
Brother Pao has a large number of people in Sichuan, and is divided into two factions: one is the "Brother Qingshui Pao", which is composed of rich businessmen, Confucianism and **; The other faction of "muddy water robes" includes low-level coolies, various craftsmen, and even bandits and thieves.
Huang Qingyuan joined Brother Muddy Waters, when he was imitating adults. He went in and out of gambling houses and brothels with Jing Junqing's robe buddies, and when he ran out of money, he used the pistol in his waist to "shake money", that is, to block the road and rob.
In 1916, 18-year-old Huang Qingyuan encountered a turning point in his life. At that time, the Sichuan bandit "Xie Yanfu", also known as "Commander Xie", was very fond of his talent and ability.
Commander Xie asked Jing Junqing for someone, but Jing Junqing didn't dare not give it because of Commander Xie's power, so Huang Qingyuan went up the mountain with Xie Yanfu and entered a real bandit's den.
Commander Xie has a lot of influence in Sichuan, and they usually block the road and rob, kidnap tickets for extortion, and sell tobacco and soil. In such an environment, Huang Qingyuan was like a fish in water, and he easily became a small leader, and he was highly valued by Commander Xie.
However, at the age of 20, Huang Qingyuan decided to leave Xie Yanfu and became his own faction with Liu Dingsan and Huang Wenxu and began to develop independently. In order to find guns, Huang Qingyuan led people to rob the Jiangyou Joint Defense Team, which almost caused a fire within Brother Pao.
Although the robbery was unsuccessful, Huang Qingyuan did not give up, and he began to look for other opportunities. Suddenly, there was a kidnapping case in his hometown of Chonghua Town, where a group of bandits kidnapped 12 hostages, including Huang Qingyuan's 8-year-old brother Huang Liaoru.
In order to save his younger brother, Huang Qingyuan led his men to exterminate these bandits, and suddenly opened up his reputation in Chonghuachang. However, the people of northern Sichuan still don't know how badly this "life-saving grass" they have grabbed will actually harm themselves.
Huang Qingyuan made use of the local mountain goods resources, formed the "Chonghua Seven Sons" with several gentlemen, established his own power network, and then opened the "Ben Lichang" shop, monopolizing the first commodities such as herbs, furs, game, opium tobacco, etc., which led to the closure of other shops, and he himself made money every day, and could earn tens of thousands of yuan a year.
In addition, Huang Qingyuan also had a gang of bandits under him, and they continued to follow Huang Qingyuan to rob. The people nearby knew that Huang Qingyuan had done it, so they could only pay the ransom in exchange for a moment of peace.
In order to avoid prosecution, Huang Qingyuan robbed and befriended powerful people, including Zou Shaohua, deputy county magistrate of Zitong County, Gao Ziqin, director of the Zitong regimental defense bureau, and the generals of the Sichuan army in northern Sichuan.
Although Huang Qingyuan made enough money, the dissatisfaction with him in society gradually increased, and people accused him of "not suppressing bandits, but only scraping the people". After that, he severed his relationship with Brother Muddy Water, entered the circle of Brother Qingshui, and was promoted to the head of the "Qingxiang Regiment" in Zitong County for his "meritorious service in suppressing bandits", responsible for suppressing bandits and searching**.
This is a big fat shortage, which can go to all parts of the line to loot oil and water and extort money. After his own development, Huang Qingyuan let his second brother Huang Yongru and third brother Huang Fuchu manage the taxation of Zitong County.
* 15 years later, Huang Qingyuan covered the sky in Zitong County and dominated one side with a gun. Because of the control of the first passage from Sichuan and Gansu to Chengdu, he set up a "road donation", if he did not pay the money, he would rob or even kill people on the way.
Although the local people have jointly reported it many times, due to the protection of "Brother Qingshui", the matter has not been resolved. After the war, in order to stabilize the rear, the people used Huang Qingyuan's power.
Huang Qingyuan colluded with the **, the army and the gentry, and oppressed hundreds of thousands of people under the banner of "maintaining stability". His power reached its peak during the Anti-Japanese War, with more than 3,000 men under his command, holding more than 500 spears, and almost controlling Jiangyou, Zitong and Jiange.
By the 40s of the 20th century, Huang Qingyuan had become the local "soil emperor", monopolizing taxation, public security and commerce, and only the products of the "Ben Lichang" mine and iron-striking tools could circulate freely.
It has become difficult for people to even buy kitchen knives. During his "reign", he raped more than 50 women from good families, abused lynching to kill more than 400 innocent people, occupied more than 2,000 acres of fertile land, and plundered millions of yuan worth of **, silver dollars, and tobacco.
Under his leadership, his three brothers and their bosses committed countless crimes. Even in the year when the wind and rain were good, there were "fugitives" in northern Sichuan, which had alarmed Chongqing.
In 1949, when the KMT's rule on the mainland was about to collapse, Huang Qingyuan and his gang of men were recruited by KMT agents to form the "Salvation **" and were awarded military ranks and letters of appointment, allowing them to carry out attacks on the PLA and the Liberation ** in northern Sichuan.
Huang Qingyuan's counter-revolutionary gang killed more than 300 grassroots cadres in 1950, attracting the attention of New China. The southwest region has long been plagued by banditry, so the first major action after the founding of New China was to suppress bandits.
In 1950, Huang Qingyuan and several thousand bandits under his command provoked bandit rebellions in eight counties, including Jiangyou, Zitong, Jiange, Guangyuan, and Qingchuan, calling themselves the "Eight Counties Alliance".
Attaching great importance to this bandit force, the People's Liberation Army sent troops to clear Huang Qingyuan's forces in 1951, and finally broke up the so-called coalition forces, killing thousands of bandits, and the remaining bandits scattered in all directions.
Huang Qingyuan tried to escape after the defeat, but was arrested by the PLA. At that time, three of his brothers had already been sentenced to death and executed. Huang Qingyuan was tried by the masses in his hometown of Chonghua Town, and was eventually shot.
After his death, the angry crowd burned his body and scattered his bones to relieve his hatred.