RedWhy did the army go north to northern Shaanxi?
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The Red 25th Army led by Xu Haidong has a unique position in the history of the Red Army, and it has accumulated rich combat experience and demonstrated strong combat effectiveness in the 22-year armed struggle.
The Red 25th Army was an important force of the Red Army and made great contributions to the victory of the Chinese revolution. Xu Haidong was awarded the Founding General for his outstanding leadership and outstanding military talents, which was a high recognition of him and the Red 25th Army he led.
Due to physical reasons, Xu Haidong has been given special care during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, and was arranged to rest in the rear. However, during the Long March, the Red 25th Army led by Xu Haidong chose a different path, and they went to northern Shaanxi.
So, why did they make this decision?
Survival: Break out or hold your ground? In October 1932, the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Region under the leadership of the Communist Party of China was facing the fourth encirclement and suppression by the Kuomintang army, and the situation was extremely grim.
In the face of the disparity in strength, it was decided to let the main divisions of the Red Fourth Front Army leave the Soviet zone and expand a new strategic space to the west. However, the remaining Red 25 Army faced a huge challenge.
At this time, the Kuomintang army had formed a large-scale blockade posture against the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet area, and the Red 25th Army, as the smallest and relatively backward army, was left behind to undertake the task of containment and defense of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet area.
Despite the limited number of personnel and the lack of materials, the Red 25th Army always insisted on fighting stubbornly against the Kuomintang army in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet area. For two years, the Red 25th Army managed to maintain basic stability in the Soviet zone.
Although during this period, the Red 25th Army maintained close ties with the Communist Party leadership organs in other parts of the Soviet area, due to geographical and conditional constraints, they did not march west with the Red Fourth Front Army.
However, under the cover of the Red 25th Army, the Red Fourth Front managed to break through the encirclement of the Kuomintang troops.
In half a year, the Red Fourth Front Army gradually grew stronger in the heroic struggle and long journey, and finally advanced into northern Sichuan, successfully establishing the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base Area. Although only 1There were more than 50,000 people, but in just half a year, the Red Fourth Front Army has rapidly developed into five armies and a contingent of more than 80,000 people.
At the same time, the Red 25th Army held the defensive line in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet area and made a significant contribution to maintaining the stability of the Soviet area. However, with the fifth encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang army approaching, in order to ensure the safety of the Red 25th Army and the overall combat strength of the Soviet area, it was decided to let the Red 25th Army join the team to break through.
In the process of breaking through the Red 25th Army, they faced unprecedented pressure and challenges. Although they chose the western part of the Kuomintang defense, which was relatively weak, as the breakthrough route, they successively won victories in Funiu Mountain, Yujiahe and other places.
However, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized a large number of troops to set up a heavy defensive line on this road, making the advance of the Red 25th Army extremely difficult. When the Red 25th Army broke through, a large number of ** troops were stationed in the east, north and south.
The Kuomintang used the superior strength of more than 30 regiments in an attempt to destroy this Red Army force. At this time, the Red 25th Army had only more than 7,000 troops left.
In the case of severe food shortage, the soldiers of the Red 25th Army had to rely on wild vegetables to satisfy their hunger. Even if you don't consider marching into western Sichuan, the ** in the rear is still pressing step by step, the situation is extremely grim, and the Red 25th Army is at a critical moment of life and death.
At this moment, they made a decision. Instead of forcibly breaking into western Sichuan, they chose to return to the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi region, waiting for an opportunity to reorganize their forces for themselves. Because in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Region, the advance can be coordinated to respond to the entry of the Red Army into Shaanxi, and the retreat can be returned to the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Region, so as to reorganize and revitalize the overall situation, which is a good move.
After the Red Fourth Front Army withdrew from the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area, the contact with the Red 25th Army came to an abrupt end, and its exact location became a mystery. The Red 25th Army faced many difficulties, and when it crossed Sichuan, which was heavily defended by enemy troops, the road it had to pass was full of enemy troops, and it was impossible to engage in large-scale engagements.
In this battle, Xu Haidong was also wounded as a result. However, it was in this difficult situation that the Red 25th Army still overcame many difficulties and successfully completed the Long March, which made ** highly evaluate this unit.
This group of children, with an average age of only ten or twenty years old, constituted the Red 25th Army, and they displayed amazing combat effectiveness and attracted the attention of the Kuomintang. On the way to Shaanxi, the Red 25th Army, which was marching north, learned from the captured Kuomintang newspapers that the Red Fourth Front Army had arrived in Shaanxi, but they did not choose to return to the Red Fourth Front Army.
Instead, they decided to establish a Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi revolutionary base at the junction of Shaanxi, Hubei, and Henan.
Although the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi base area was geographically close to the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area, the Red 25th Army did not make contact with the Red Fourth Front Army in the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area, but chose to march to the northern Shaanxi Soviet area, where the environment was even harsher.
This decision greatly alarmed the Kuomintang army, which immediately mobilized heavy forces to try to stop the advance of the Red 25th Army. However, despite its small numbers, the Red 25th Army managed to break through the blockade of the Kuomintang army in September 1935 and became the first Red Army unit to enter northern Shaanxi.
This battle not only demonstrated the fearless spirit of the Red Army soldiers, but also highlighted the indomitable fighting spirit of the Communist Party of China and its deep belief in the revolutionary cause. In 1935, the Red 25th Army experienced a series of harsh battles such as Dushu Town, Funiu Mountain, and Yujiahe on the journey of northern Shaanxi.
Although they were victorious in these battles, they also paid a huge price. After many fierce battles, the strength of the Red 25th Army has been greatly weakened, and it can no longer establish the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi base area on its own.
And where they are, the terrain is complex, the land is barren, and it is very difficult to survive.
After learning the news that the Red Fourth Army and ** were meeting in western Sichuan, they decided not to give up, convened an emergency meeting, and decided to cooperate with the main Red Army to go north. Despite their small size, the Red 25th Army has grown into an elite force capable of fighting vicious battles.
After deciding to go north, the leader of the Red 25th Army firmly said: "As long as we can make *** go north safely, even if the Red 25th Army is wiped out, it will be worth it." ”
When the Red 25th Army's Long March entered the Shaanxi and Gansu base areas and went north to the Shaanxi and Gansu regions with the main force of the ** Red Army, Zhang Xueliang also arrived in Xi'an by plane from Wuchang.
In the face of Chiang Kai-shek's military "encirclement and suppression" and the stationing of the Northeast Army, the Red 15th Army of the Red Army (formed by the merger of the three Red armies) had to make wise decisions to ensure the security of the base areas.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek personally served as the commander-in-chief of the "suppression of bandits" in the northwest, and Zhang Xueliang served as the deputy commander. The plan for the "suppression of the general" in the northwest of Xi'an has been decided.
Before the Red 25th Army reached Yongping Town in Yanchuan, the 67th Army of the Northeast Army entered northern Shaanxi first, and then the rest entered Yan'an in September. At this time, the 86th and 84th Divisions of the Kuomintang were still stationed in northern Shaanxi, and they attempted to flank the Shaanxi-Gansu base area and the main force of the Red Army.
The Red XV Army Corps conducted an in-depth study of this and finally determined the strategic course of action. Everyone unanimously agreed that if these two forces were to be eaten, it would be beneficial for us to seize a greater initiative.
The Red 15th Army succeeded in distracting the enemy's attention through a clever strategy of dividing its forces. They divided their troops into squads and carried out precision strikes on the 86th and 84th Divisions respectively.
At the same time, in order to avoid the enemy's main force, they quickly moved and arrived at the city of Jingning in just over 20 days, and firmly grasped the Sealand Highway, successfully cutting off the main communication artery between Shaanxi and Gansu provinces.
During this arduous and rapid march, which lasted more than 20 days, the Red 25 th Army climbed mountains and mountains, crossed deserts and streams, and never flinched in the face of the test of life and death. Despite the shortage of food and grass along the way, fatigue and hunger, they were not discouraged and climbed Liupan Mountain with a thunderous force and penetrated directly into the enemy's rear.
They held the Sealand Highway, held the lifeblood of communications, and prevented the enemy from reinforcing them. Subsequently, the Red 25th Army attacked Pingliang City with all its strength and quickly broke through the enemy's defensive line. This thunderous marching speed and combat strength shocked the enemy and panicked.
This kind of brave and fearless attack made the enemy army frightened and relieved the pressure for the ** northward operation.
In the Comintern, Vol. 7, No. 3, the heroic performance of the Red XXV Army was highly praised and hailed"The eagle hovering in the sky shook the enemy's defenses"。
The ambition and enthusiasm of the Red 25th Army enabled them to achieve victory in the campaign. This could not have been achieved without the guidance of their excellent leaders, such as Wu Huanxian, who joined the Communist Party of China in 1926 and was one of the founding members of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Revolutionary Base Area and the Red Army.
After the reorganization of the 25th Army of the Red Army, he held the positions of army commander and political commissar and made an important contribution to the development of the Red Army.
Wu Huanxian charged forward in every battle and resolutely commanded: "You must hold your position and not retreat!" "He also personally engaged in hand-to-hand combat with enemy troops on several occasions and successfully thwarted enemy attacks.
In the battle of crossing the Wei River to the south, an enemy cavalry regiment launched a fierce attack on the Red 25th Army. Wu Huanxian led more than 100 vanguard troops to quickly occupy the commanding heights, and all of them met the battle, and launched a fierce battle with the enemy.
Under his leadership and the joint counterattack of the rearguard troops under the command of Xu Haidong, the enemy army was defeated and the regiment commander and his more than 1,000 soldiers were all wiped out.
In the joy of the victory of the Red 25th Army's Long March, Xu Haidong's name will forever remain in the long river of history. This heroic soldier, a native of Xiadian, Huangpi, Hubei, joined the Communist Party of China in 1925 and became an important force in the Chinese revolution.
His deeds were recorded in **'s "Journey to the West", and his courage and determination are admirable. Although he died in a battle, his spirit and impact will live on, inspiring future generations.
Xu Haidong was born into a family that was brutally murdered by the Kuomintang reactionaries in the brutal murder of 66 people, which strengthened his determination to revolutionize. During the battle, he was wounded 9 times, the wounds reached 17, and he was one of the most seriously wounded Red Army soldiers.
Because he was wanted by the Kuomintang reactionaries and ***, his bounty was even as high as 250,000 oceans. In a battle in 1934, Xu Haidong led his troops to bravely counterattack the surprise attack of the enemy's 60th Division and two cavalry regiments, taking the lead and showing outstanding military talent.
All the officers and men, from the army commander to the cook, threw themselves into this fierce battle. After a fierce battle, we managed to defeat more than 800 enemy troops, but at the same time paid a heavy price, and more than 190 excellent fighters died in this battle.
During this battle, Xu Haidong was also in a coma for 4 days and 4 nights due to a bullet, and when he woke up, he found that he had lost his hearing in his left ear. Xu Haidong led by example, he not only charged into battle, but also paid attention to the overall situation, adhered to discipline, did not care about personal gains and losses, and firmly upheld the party's leadership and the unity of the Red Army.
As long as it is beneficial to the revolution, I am willing to do my best. After arriving in northern Shaanxi, supplies were extremely scarce, and Xu Haidong did not hesitate to take out 5,000 yuan of his 7,000 yuan savings to support the Red Army.
He actively deployed important supplies and shell guns, and asked each squad to select the best quality machine guns to send to the Red Army, and even handed over his most elite cavalry regiment to the command.
Xu Haidong was "a banner of the working class", "the best Communist Party member", and "a person who made great contributions to the Chinese revolution". He is greatly appreciated by *** and ***.
In 1955, he received his first honour and was second among the ten founding generals. In addition, he is also one of the 36 military experts of the Chinese People's Liberation Army recognized by the Military Commission.
The Red 25th Army led by him successfully swept away the local bandits in northern Shaanxi and made full preparations for the arrival of the main force. In October 1936, the Red Army finally arrived in northern Shaanxi, and the difficult Long March came to an end.
The 25th Red Army, a heroic Red Army in the history of the revolution, fought bloody battles in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi during the Long March, and displayed outstanding combat effectiveness and incomparably firm will.
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