Text |Li Yihang, Deputy Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Vice President of the Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, and Special Researcher of the Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era.
Allowing the elderly to have a happy old age is not only a family matter that the people are concerned about, but also a national affair that the people attach great importance to, which clearly reflects the essential requirements of Chinese-style modernization and Chinese characteristics. Since 2016, Guangzhou has comprehensively promoted the construction of canteens for the elderly, and has now formed a construction pattern with perfect system, comprehensive coverage and leading line, and has made useful explorations in building a pension service system with distinctive Chinese characteristics based on home-based elderly care, supported by the community, supplemented by institutions, and combined with medical care.
Focus on meeting needs accurately with heart and affection.
In the face of the increasing aging trend, Guangzhou firmly grasps the aspirations of the elderly to care for the elderly at home, keenly grasps the needs of the elderly for "eating" from multiple levels and diversified dimensions, and lifts the "great people's livelihood" with "small incisions".
The first is to improve from meeting the needs of special groups to meeting the needs of a wider range of groups. On the basis of focusing on the protection of special elderly people such as those with financial difficulties, disabilities, disabilities, advanced age, and living alone, we will gradually cover the middle- and low-income elderly groups, and then absorb the general elderly population such as the ordinary elderly, the elderly who move with them, and the migrant elderly, so as to benefit all kinds of residents in the community in need, and realize the transformation from basic security to public sharing.
The second is to improve from satisfying "eating" to satisfying "eating well". Promote the establishment of a nutrition guidance team, and strengthen nutrition guidance for the elderly in canteens and the elderly. According to the dietary characteristics of the elderly, a dietitian is hired to study and formulate recipesFor the elderly and disabled with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, we provide customized geriatric diseases and liquid foods with professional medical staff to check the recipes, so as to realize the transformation from designated meals and fixed meals to self-selected meals, health care, and special meals.
The third is to improve from meeting the demand for meal assistance to meeting various physical and mental health needs. Analyze and grasp the multiple social factors reflected by the "difficulty in eating" of the elderly at home, deeply explore the other service needs of the elderly, and rely on the comprehensive elderly care service resources of Yee Hong Center and Yee Hong Service Station to create a "one-stop" elderly care service solution in the home community, so as to realize the transformation from satisfying the single meal service to meeting the diversified elderly care service needs of the elderly in the surrounding communities, such as cultural entertainment, spiritual comfort, home service, medical care and health care.
Focus on efficient and long-term scientific supply services.
Guangzhou adheres to the development idea of public welfare positioning, professional operation, social participation, systematic construction and market-oriented operation of meal assistance services for the elderly, and strives to build a meal service network for the elderly that covers urban and rural areas, has reasonable layout, complete functions, is convenient and accessible, healthy and sustainable, and is jointly built and shared.
The first is the multi-network layout. Locations are selected within a 10-15 minute radius of the central city and 15-20 minutes from the outer urban areas, and are combined with a network of Yee Hong Centres and Yee Hong Service Stations to provide a dense network of meal services to make meals as close to the elderly as possible. Promote the construction of 2-5 demonstration sites for elderly canteens in each district, and set up a professional service team. At present, more than 1,000 canteens for the elderly have been built, achieving full coverage of towns (streets) and villages, and the number of diners will increase to more than 5% of the total elderly population in 2023.
The second is multi-channel fundraising. Adopt the method of "making up a little, making a little bit for enterprises, donating a little for charity, giving a little for individuals, adding a little for the collective, and volunteering to help a little" to strengthen the protection of multiple funds. Establish three types of municipal financial subsidies, and arrange funds to subsidize the operation of meals, meals and canteens for the elderly every year. Support qualified village collective economic organizations to use collective economic income to set up canteens for the elderly. Promote the improvement of self-hematopoietic capacity and support elderly canteens to provide personalized value-added services;Improve the level of intelligence, introduce intelligent equipment, establish a unified comprehensive information management platform for the elderly in the city, realize the elderly card swiping, face dining and online fund settlement, reduce procurement, manpower and other service costs, and improve service efficiency.
The third is multi-mode operation. Through leading, socialized operation and market-oriented management, we ensure that the service is more professional, the cost is lower, the coverage is faster, and the meal choices are more diverse. Five main models have been formed: the self-built kitchen model, which is funded by the first or jointly funded with social forces, and uses community home-based elderly care service facilities to build their own kitchens and set up dining venues;The service mode of the canteen area (window) of the unit, the canteen of universities, enterprises and institutions, and pension service institutions opens a special area (window) for the elderly to help meals, or provides nearby meal services by ordering and delivering box lunchesCatering enterprises participate in the meal service model, and social catering service units rely on community stores to set up special areas (windows) for the elderly or adopt methods such as "** kitchen + community stores" to provide meal assistance and catering services for the elderlyIn the neighborhood mutual aid service model, in rural areas where the demand for meal assistance is small, the elderly population is scattered, and the conditions for establishing elderly canteens are not available for the time being, relatives, neighbors, elderly care service providers and other service providers can sign a tripartite agreement with the town (street) home care service platform operating institution and the elderly in need to provide meal assistance and catering services.
Focus on empowerment and innovation in community governance.
Guangzhou firmly grasps the characteristics of the city with an aging population, high urbanization and high mobility of people, adheres to systematic thinking and dialectical thinking, organically integrates the solution of livelihood problems such as eating with other work of social development, continuously empowers the elderly canteen from the dimension of optimizing urban governance and community governance, improves quality and efficiency, and continuously improves the governance ability in the process of deepening the construction of the elderly canteen.
Persist in building the community into a unity of functional community and emotional community, and strengthen the "temperature" of governance. On the one hand, we should build a public living space for mutual assistance. Support the upgrading of canteens for the elderly to community canteens with conditions and needs, and expand the inclusive coverage of meal assistance services according to local conditions while ensuring that the local elderly enjoy a high-quality home-based elderly life, and open them to non-elderly groups in the community, floating populations, and working youth when conditions are suitable. On the other hand, it is necessary to build a community emotional space for communication and mutual assistance. Starting from the meal assistance service, we will further activate community relations, create a "silver age social circle", create a new social connection and emotional sustenance for the elderly in the community, and allow the elderly to enjoy better public life and emotional support.
Adhere to the joint construction of multiple forces such as society, society, and the market, and strengthen the "strength" of governance. On the one hand, adhere to the leading role, strengthen the role of party organizations, mobilize party members and volunteers to establish elderly volunteer service teams such as elderly meal delivery teams, elderly visiting teams, and elderly accompanying shopping teams, and establish meal assistance service models such as "party building + neighborhood mutual assistance". On the other hand, we should handle the relationship between public welfare and the market, and between the society and society, actively introduce social and market forces, and use the forces of all walks of life to achieve multi-party support. Build a multi-participatory, responsible, and closely coordinated financing and support mechanism;Give full play to the role of the "five social associations" of communities, social organizations, social workers, community volunteers, and social charity resources, and create a modern community governance pattern that combines party building leadership + leading + market operation + social services.
Adhere to scientific overall planning and strengthen the "precision" of governance. Persist in proceeding from reality in everything, scientifically formulate goals and work steps, highlight local conditions and pilot experiments, handle the relationship between the construction of canteens and meal assistance services, the integration and utilization of new canteens and the original resources, quantity and quality, etc., and steadily promote the transformation from ensuring the basic to diversifying the supply of services.