Author丨Chen Jie Intern Gong Shihan.
Editor丨Li Bo.
On March 5, the Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress opened in the Great Hall of the People. Premier Li Qiang made a work report to the Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress.
* The work report proposes to strengthen social security and services. Improve childbirth support policies, optimize the maternity leave system, improve the mechanism for reasonable sharing of labor costs for business entities, increase the supply of childcare services through multiple channels, and reduce the burden of family childbirth, parenting, and education.
The 21st Century Business Herald reporter interviewed and learned that for many urban families, the construction of the childcare system is very important, and many parents, especially the mothers of children, have a strong willingness to care. Previously, many experts also proposedTo reduce the burden of family "three educations", the construction of childcare is a very important part
According to the previous target, by 2025, the number of infants and young children under the age of 3 per 1,000 population in China will reach 45 pcs.
According to the latest data provided by the National Health Commission, as of September 2023, the number of nurseries per 1,000 population in the country is 336, completing the annual target ahead of schedule.
In terms of service support, ** budgeted investment of 35200 million yuan, ** financial investment of 1.5 billion yuan to support inclusive childcare. We have improved relevant standards and norms, and named 33 national infant and child care service demonstration cities and 75 national caring childcare employers. "On February 29, the Information Office held a press conference on the handling of the proposals of the National People's Congress deputies and the proposal of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 2023, at which Li Bin, deputy director of the National Health Commission, said.
Increase the supply of childcare through multiple channels
According to the first work report, it is necessary to increase the supply of childcare services through multiple channels and reduce the burden of family birth, parenting and education.
In the burden of parenting, children before the age of 3 need to consume more energy of parents, which makes childcare very important to reduce the cost of family parenting, especially the cost of time.
The child is now 7 and a half months old. I think childbirth and parenting are still very time-consuming and energy-consuming, especially before 6 months, basically around the clock, before I and my husband were taking care of the children, not handed over to the older generation. Li Jing, a mother of one child in Chengdu, told the 21st Century Business Herald reporter that the child has been sent to a childcare institution, with an average of 4,100 yuan a month.
Li Jing believes that without the help of the previous generation, a family of three needs to have one person to take care of the children full-time, and childcare can allow both adults in the family to have time to work on their own careers to a certain extent.
Du Wen, who is 6 months pregnant, made a plan for childcare after giving birth early. "Our family has a strong willingness to take care of children, because I expect to return to work as soon as possible after maternity leave, and then our husband and wife will not have time to take care of the children, and both parents are out of town and must have childcare. ”
Du Wen believes that from the current point of view, raising children cannot take care of work, and the time cost of raising children is very high, regardless of the cost of other aspects. However, the ** of childcare is not cheap, Du Wen found that the more suitable childcare institutions are more than 3,500 yuan a month, and the public childcare is 1,600 yuan, but you have to drive your own pick-up. Her ideal price is 2,000-3,000 yuan.
Many parents hope that the cost of childcare can be reduced to less than 3,000 yuan, but because the object of childcare is under the age of 3, the language function is not yet perfect children, so the demand for manpower is high, the number of children that can be taken care of by the nursery staff is significantly lower than the number of children that kindergarten teachers can take care of.
I feel that the childcare industry still has prospects, and many young couples who have given birth to children currently want to take care of children, but not every family may be able to afford this money, and the focus is on whether the social demand is great. A director and investor who opened Mingbo All-English Childcare in Chengdu High-tech Zone told 21st Century Business Herald that she entered the childcare industry in 2023, and the initial purpose was to give her son a better childcare environment.
The 21st Century Business Herald reporter learned that at present, Mingbo Quanying Nursery School is equipped with 6 teachers and 22 children, with an average of one teacher responsible for 4 children, and the fee is 4,000 yuan a month.
Parents have a demand for the cost and quality of childcare, and in addition to the relatively high fees of childcare kindergartens, the development of inclusive childcare is also accelerating.
For example, Beijing announced the first batch of inclusive childcare institutions, and as of February 2024, there are a total of 58 inclusive childcare institutions in the city. After the 21st Century Business Herald inquiry, it was found that in Tongzhou District, Beijing, some inclusive nursery schools charge 1,600 yuan and 1,750 yuan per month, while in Haidian District and Chaoyang District in the city center, the fees of inclusive nursery schools are basically more than 3,000 yuan per month.
How to "meet the standard and improve the quality" of childcare services?
At present, the construction of China's childcare system is accelerating.
On February 28, the National Health Commission held a press conference on the progress and effectiveness of health, and Yang Jinrui, deputy director of the Department of Population and Family of the National Health Commission, said at the meeting that the National Health Commission thoroughly implemented the decision-making and deployment, and vigorously promoted the healthy development of childcare services in conjunction with relevant parties.
The first is to implement major special projects for the construction of childcare, and support the construction of 48 comprehensive childcare service centers, public childcare institutions and inclusive childcare places.
The second is to implement preferential tax measures for community childcare services, include the cost of infant and child care services under the age of 3 into the special additional deduction of individual income tax and improve the deduction standard, implement the first financial support for the development of inclusive childcare service demonstration projects, and support 15 cities to build mechanisms, ensure sustainability, and produce experience.
The third is to promote the inclusion of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Childcare Services" in the legislative plan of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress.
Fourth, it is necessary to introduce standards for the establishment of childcare institutions, management norms, registration and filing, integration of medical care and education, and management measures for family childcare points, print and distribute guidelines for the prevention of infant and young child injuries in childcare institutions, feeding and nutrition guidelines, and fire safety guidelines, and implement a statistical survey system for childcare.
Fifth, revise the professional skill standards for nursery teachers, set up childcare majors at the secondary, higher vocational and higher vocational undergraduate levels, and organize the compilation and printing of 14 kinds of childcare higher vocational textbooks and 9 kinds of secondary vocational textbooks.
Sixth, in conjunction with relevant departments, the first batch of 33 national infant care service demonstration cities were named, and 75 caring childcare employers were selected.
According to Yang Jinrui, at present, there are nearly 100,000 institutions providing childcare services across the country, with about 4.8 million childcare places.
As of September 2023, the number of nurseries per 1,000 population in the country is 336, the annual target was completed ahead of schedule. At present, the number of nurseries per 1,000 population is 4 in 2025The goal of 5 is already gradually approaching. However, in addition to the construction of nursery places, it is also necessary to "improve quality".
Many parents interviewed by the 21st Century Business Herald reporter saidDue to the young age of the child at the time of childcare, the quality of the childcare facility is very important.
Childcare institutions must take care of the baby's health and safety, such as the venue and facilities are spacious and clean, safety supervision measures and the like should be thoughtful, and there should be a wealth of educational and entertainment activities, and then the nursery teacher must pay enough attention to and understand the baby's situation, can not be perfunctory, and be patient with the baby. Li Jing said.
In order to choose a better childcare institution, Li Jing inspected several childcare parks near her home before sending her children to childcare, but she was not satisfied. In the end, she chose a childcare facility six kilometers away from her home and visited it twice.
The first time I went directly without an appointment, the park environment was very clean, and the teachers were very gentle with the children. The second time was when the children went after school, and when each parent came to pick up the children, the teacher reported the children's situation in detail for a day, so it was relatively relieved. Li Jing said.
Du Wen believes that a suitable childcare institution should look at whether the environment is complete and whether it will be too old; whether the teacher takes care of the child meticulously; Whether there is a terrace for outdoor activities; whether the common areas are spacious enough; It is best to have a foreign teacher's class; The teacher-student ratio should not be too large; It is best to have age groups and classes.
I think that childcare institutions may be more professional with children, such as the nutritional ratio of complementary foods to eat, which must be better understood than those of us parents, and then there will be special enlightenment curriculum design. Du Wen said, "In fact, I also considered community childcare. ”
The above-mentioned director of Mingbo All-British Nursery told the 21st Century Business Herald that it is not easy to operate a childcare institution at present. "We also had very few children in September, when there were almost 8 children, and now there are 22 children. In terms of business conditions, it can only be said that there is barely a loss. ”
The principal said that parents who send their children to childcare will ask the childcare institution in terms of hygiene, curriculum, diet, attitude and the relationship between the child, and they will try their best to achieve it, but there are also some problems in the process of communicating with parents.
Nowadays, young people's willingness to take care of children is still very high, but the cost of running a nursery is also very high, first of all, the cost of equipment depreciation and maintenance is relatively high. As a responsible childcare institution, it also takes a lot of manpower and material resources to develop a high-quality schedule for children. The above-mentioned Mingbo All-British Nursery Director said.
In order to better build a childcare system, many cities are fully tapping their potential. Taking Beijing as an example, on March 1, the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) held a research and briefing on "Promoting Inclusive Childcare Services in an All-round Way". Relevant data were reported at the meeting: in 2023, Beijing will actively promote the pilot of inclusive childcare services, and so far there are 7,541 new inclusive childcare places in the city, including 3,082 inclusive kindergarten places, 4,459 inclusive childcare institutions, and 282 kindergartens have held 2-3 year old nursery classes, which can provide 9,024 childcare places.
Beijing proposes that in the next step, it will continue to dig deep into the surplus degree resources of public kindergartens and private inclusive kindergartens to open 2-3-year-old nursery classes, encourage qualified office space to increase childcare service facilities, and further increase the supply of nursery places. (At the request of the interviewer, Li Jing and Du Wen are pseudonyms).
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Editor: Jiang Peipei, Intern: Liao Jiayi.
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