The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "ensure that the Chinese's rice bowl is firmly in their own hands, establish a big food concept, develop facility agriculture, and build a diversified food supply system". In December 2022, the general secretary once again emphasized at the rural work conference: "facility agriculture has a lot to offer, develop solar greenhouses, plant factories and intensive livestock and poultry breeding, promote the construction of land-based and deep-sea aquaculture fisheries, and broaden the field of agricultural production space". In June 2023, Tang Renjian, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, emphasized at the meeting: "Take modern facility agriculture as an important starting point for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power in the new era and new journey. The development of modern facility agriculture is a major measure to implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and ensure national food security.
The connotation of modern facility agriculture
Modern facility agriculture is a high-input, high-output, high-efficiency, capital-intensive, labor-intensive and technology-intensive industry that uses modern information technology, biotechnology, engineering equipment technology and modern management methods, and is also a systematic engineering covering construction, materials, machinery, automatic control, horticultural technology, cultivation technology and management and other disciplines, and its degree of development is one of the important symbols reflecting the level of agricultural modernization. Modern facility agriculture covers facility planting, facility animal husbandry, facility fishery and public facilities that provide support services, among which, public facilities such as intensive seedling raising before production, refrigeration and preservation after production, cold chain logistics and storage and drying are included in the support scope of modern facility agriculture, which further expands the connotation of modern facility agriculture. The development of modern facility agriculture plays an important role in promoting the construction of smart agriculture, annual agricultural products, ensuring food security, stable supply of important agricultural products, and increasing labor and employment.
The policy basis for the planning of modern facility agriculture projects
(1) Industrial policy
In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Natural Resources, issued China's first plan for the construction of modern facility agriculture - the National Plan for the Construction of Modern Facility Agriculture (2023-2030), making comprehensive arrangements for the development of modern facility agriculture in the coming period. "Planning" includes 1 overall construction plan, 4 special implementation plans, and clarifies the construction of energy-saving and machine-based modern facility planting, efficient and intensive modern facility animal husbandry, ecological and healthy breeding based modern facility fishery, storage and drying based modern logistics facilities and other four key tasks; Six major projects have been clarified, including the upgrading of modern facility agriculture, the construction of modern facility planting in the Gobi saline-alkali land, the construction of intensive seedling (seedling) in modern facilities, the construction of high-efficiency and land-saving facility animal husbandry, the construction of intelligent aquaculture and fishing farms, and the construction of cold chain logistics and drying facilities. It clarifies five safeguard measures, including strengthening organizational leadership, policy support, guidance services, subject cultivation, and publicity and guidance; It is clear that by 2030, the total output value of facility agriculture will increase by more than 40% to 6The overall goal of 28 trillion yuan is the fundamental principle for the development of facility agriculture in China in the coming period.
(B) land use policy
The policy of facility agricultural land has always been the core factor affecting the construction of facility agriculture projects. In 2019, the Notice of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Issues Concerning the Management of Facility Agricultural Land (Natural Resources Gui [2019] No. 4) systematically defined the scope of land use for facility agriculture, and no longer subdivided which are production facilities and which are ancillary facilities and supporting facilities in crop planting, livestock and poultry and aquaculture. It is clear that the construction of facilities destroys the cultivated layer of cultivated land as a criterion to divide which facilities can use general cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, and which cannot be used. In 2021, the Notice of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Issues Concerning the Strict Control of Cultivated Land Use (Natural Resources [2021] No. 166) and local implementation rules require that the annual "in-out balance" be implemented for the conversion of cultivated land to other agricultural land and land for the construction of agricultural facilities, and the overall plan for the annual "in-out and out-of-line balance" of cultivated land shall be prepared, and it is clarified that general cultivated land is mainly used for the production of grain, cotton, oil, sugar, vegetables and other agricultural products and forage and feed. On the premise of not destroying the cultivated layer of cultivated land and not causing changes in the type of cultivated land, other crops can be planted moderately.
(3) Project policy
The General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China "Notice on Planning and Reserves for Modern Facility Agriculture Construction Projects" (Nongban Jicai 2023 No. 18) proposes: to optimize the layout of facility agriculture, moderately expand the scale, and upgrade old facilities, and do a good job in the planning and reserve of various modern facility agriculture construction projects such as facility planting, facility animal husbandry, facility fishery, and modern logistics facilities. The level of industrial development and financial service capabilities will guide relevant financial institutions and professional consulting institutions to intervene in advance to help revitalize existing assets, integrate factor resources, help expand effective investment in agriculture and rural areas, and promote agricultural and rural modernization with infrastructure modernization. In accordance with the method of "classified library, hierarchical reserve, and hierarchical management", the establishment of a four-level financing project library of facility agriculture county, city, province and ministry, and the agricultural and rural departments at all levels are responsible for managing the corresponding level of financing project library, according to the scale of investment in a single project, comprehensively considering factors such as project financing needs, expanding investment and increasing income, etc., if the investment scale of a single project is less than 1 million yuan (inclusive), it will be included in the county-level financing project library; If the investment scale is between 1 million and 5 million yuan (inclusive), it will be included in the municipal financing project library; If the investment scale is between 5 million and 10 million yuan (inclusive), it will be included in the provincial financing project library; If the investment scale exceeds 10 million yuan, the provincial department will select and recommend it to the ministerial financing project database. In addition, Shandong, Henan, Guangdong and other provinces and their cities and counties have also successively introduced local facility agriculture project planning policies to promote the high-quality development of local facility agriculture.
(4) Financial policy
In February 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs' "Implementation Opinions on Implementing the Key Work Deployment of Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization in 2023" (Nongfa 2023 No. 1) proposed to "carry out a pilot project of discounting interest on facility agricultural loans, broaden funding channels through the issuance of local ** special bonds, policy finance, etc., encourage eligible projects to be bundled and packaged by market entities according to regulations, and leverage financial and social capital to invest more in facility agriculture".
In July 2023, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs proposed to establish a facility agriculture financing project library, make good use of various policy tools such as loan interest discounts, financial incentives and subsidies, and guide more financial water to flow into modern facility agriculture. The local agricultural and rural bureaus cooperate with various urban commercial banks, rural commercial banks, rural credit cooperatives and other local small and medium-sized financial institutions to do a good job in pushing the project list and financing docking services, and if they enter the ministry-level financing project library, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the People's Bank of China and other relevant departments, will push them to the Agricultural Development Bank of China, China Development Bank and other policy banks, the Agricultural Bank of China shares *** Industrial and Commercial Bank of China shares *** and other state-owned commercial banks and relevant joint-stock commercial banks.
In September 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance issued the Notice on the Implementation of Relevant Policies for Improving the Production Capacity of Important Agricultural Products such as Grain and Oil, proposing to launch the pilot project of loan discount for the construction of modern facility agriculture to guide financial and social capital to invest in the development of modern facility agriculture according to the principle of marketization. The pilot adopts the declaration system, the implementation of "local subsidies, subsidies", that is, the pilot projects are declared independently, and the program is submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance for review and filing. The targets of the discount are farmers, family farms, farmers' cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, as well as agricultural socialized service organizations, rural collective economic organizations and other agricultural business entities. The projects enjoying the subsidy policy shall be included in the agricultural and rural infrastructure financing project library in accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Planning and Reserves for Modern Facility Agricultural Construction Projects.
Suggestions for the planning of modern facility agriculture projects
(1) Do a good job in project planning and reserves
Project planning and reserve is the preliminary work of project management, and the grassroots agricultural and rural departments should attach great importance to the planning and reserve of modern agricultural projects, establish a reserve of modern facility agriculture projects, and plan the storage of facility agriculture projects. Facility agriculture project is a capital-intensive, technology-intensive industry, with the characteristics of large upfront investment, large energy demand, high technical requirements, high business risk, project reserves are related to the follow-up project policy support, financial support, etc., to reduce the pressure of project investment, increase project liquidity, access to policy financial instruments support and financial incentives and subsidies have a significant role. Project planning is a professional system engineering, to a certain extent determines the future project declaration, financing and implementation of the effect, the local government should be good at using market resources, guide professional consulting institutions to intervene in advance, do three things: the first is to carry out the current agricultural and rural development trends and policy research and judgment, clear regional development focus and direction, feel the needs of local modern facility agriculture projects, carry out scattered project bundling and packaging, and plan to do a good job in the storage reserve of key modern facility agriculture projects within the jurisdiction; The second is to guide and improve the archiving of materials and data for warehousing projects; The third is to carry out upward project warehousing recommendations, better prepare for the implementation of project declaration, and improve the success rate of project declaration and implementation.
(2) Seize the window period of village planning policies
In 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the Notice on Issues Concerning the Management of Facility Agricultural Land, which stated that facility agricultural land belongs to the scope of agricultural internal structural adjustment. Facility agriculture includes crop planting facilities (including facilities built for large-scale field planting) and livestock and poultry aquaculture facilities, which can use general cultivated land without going through the approval procedures for construction land and without the need to implement the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation. In 2021, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the National Forestry and Grassland Administration issued a notice on issues related to strict control of cultivated land use control, and proposed to strictly control the conversion of general cultivated land to other agricultural land, strictly control the use of general cultivated land for the construction of agricultural facilities such as new rural roads, livestock and poultry breeding facilities, aquaculture facilities, and planting facilities that destroy the cultivated layer, and implement a "balance between entry and exit". Therefore, experts from the China Construction Political Research Think Tank believe that when planning and constructing facility agriculture projects, it is necessary to be upright and carry out the construction of facility agriculture projects in strict accordance with the nature of land use and national provincial and municipal land use policies, and at the same time, it is also necessary to innovate, and be good at seizing the window period for the preparation of village planning in various regions, and plan in advance to reserve land for the development of modern facility agriculture, so as to lay the foundation for the layout and development of facility agriculture projects. According to the planning blank policy proposed by **, for the location of the planned construction land but not sure of the specific use or the planned construction land is neither determined in the spatial location nor the specific use of the construction land, no more than 5% of the construction land mobility index is reserved in the township land spatial planning and village planning.
(3) Explore multi-channel financing paths
The planning of modern facility agriculture projects should comprehensively consider the funds of the project to reduce the investment pressure of the main body. The first is to actively strive for the first and provincial support funds, the first budget funds to support the agricultural field of the project to store grain in the ground, grain storage in the technology of special funds, of which the promotion of modern seed industry and the basic capacity building of the agricultural industry are intersected with the construction of modern facility agriculture projects, is a reliable fund for modern facility agriculture projects. In addition to the first funds, some provinces and cities have innovated support methods according to regional characteristics, introduced special fund management measures for local facility agriculture, formulated the scope and standards of subsidies, and helped the high-quality development of local modern facility agriculture. The second is the local ** special bonds, 2021 ** document proposed to "support the local ** issuance of special bonds for the construction of modern agricultural facilities, do a good job in high-quality project reserves", from the current rural revitalization special bonds that have been issued across the country, the project content mainly includes the construction of agricultural product production bases such as fruits and vegetables, grain and oil, aquatic products, pigs, etc., the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks and industrial strong towns, etc., the cost of modern facility agriculture in the early stage is relatively high, When using the sales income of agricultural products as the first grade of bond repayment funds, it is necessary to pay attention to the distinction with "industrial projects". The third is the loan of policy financial institutions, such as the Agricultural Development Bank of China's grain storage (logistics) facility loans, agriculture-related industry loans, agricultural and rural infrastructure loans, etc., at the same time, as mentioned above, the projects included in the financing library of modern facility agriculture projects can be given priority to obtain the bank's independent loan application qualifications and obtain financial discounts.
In addition, through financial subsidies, investment, financing agency construction and other investment and financing mechanism innovation, support and guide large enterprises to undertake the construction of modern facilities agriculture key projects, play the role of the national agricultural credit guarantee system, and guide greenhouses, breeding enclosures, large agricultural machinery and other mortgage financing in accordance with the law. Encourage social capital to explore the establishment of modern facility agriculture investment in a market-oriented manner, and obtain funds through direct equity investment and the establishment of sub-agricultural investment.
(4) Pay attention to the promotion and application of new technologies and equipment
In recent years, new technologies and new equipment have been emerging, and the application of new agricultural machinery and equipment in farming and harvesting, the application of new cultivation technologies such as the integration of water and fertilizer, and the application of information means such as the Internet of Things have become more and more extensive. The planning of modern facility agriculture projects should focus on promoting the promotion and application of new technologies and equipment, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, and enhancing the overall competitiveness of the facility agriculture industry. Through the application of new technologies, new processes and new finance, the combination of information technology and industrial technology and modern agriculture will be equipped with a "science and technology core" for modern facility agriculture, broaden the form and form of modern facilities, and promote the mechanization, intelligence and digital development of modern facility agriculture.
Misunderstandings and avoidance of modern facility agriculture project planning
Facility agricultural land refers to the land occupied by agricultural facilities that directly serve agricultural production or directly serve agricultural production, and its purpose is to promote the development of modern agriculture and improve the quantity and quality of agricultural product supply. In the process of actual planning of facility agriculture projects, the boundaries of the project are often confused due to the lack of understanding and grasp of the policies of the relevant subjects, especially in the area of facility agriculture land, which is prone to illegal operations, resulting in the lack of sustainability of the project. For example, in the name of facility agricultural land, to meet the land demand for the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, to change the scope, use and structure of agricultural facilities, and to develop rural tourism, farmhouse, deep processing of agricultural products, as well as food and entertainment, wineries, homestays, exhibitions, parking lots, etc., in the name of developing facility agriculture, are all excessive and even distorted use of facility agricultural land. In the planning of modern facility agriculture projects, it is necessary to pay attention to avoiding the demand for land use in the combination of agriculture and tourism, agriculture and industry, etc., and avoid losses caused by the illegal use of facility agricultural land.