An escape route is a dedicated passage that guides people to evacuate to a safe area at a critical moment. Industrial buildings, civil buildings, and public buildings should be equipped with corresponding safety exits, evacuation stairs, fire truck passages, etc., and must be kept unobstructed at all times. At present, problems such as lack of attention to escape routes, unclear supervision responsibilities and weak safety awareness of residents are widespread, which breeds a series of chaotic phenomena such as arbitrary blockage, occupation and closure of escape routes. The "14th Five-Year Plan for the National Emergency System" proposes to implement relevant fire protection system transformations and open up "life channels" such as fire truck passages and evacuation passages in buildings.
How to further enhance the attention of the society, gather the joint efforts of all parties, smooth the escape route, and protect the safety of life? This newspaper specially invites a number of deputies to the National People's Congress and members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to make suggestions and suggestions together.
Li Yan, deputy to the National People's Congress
Increase the punishment of fire protection violations
It is suggested that the punishment authority for illegal parking, charging, occupancy, blockage, closure of evacuation channels, safety exits and other behaviors of electric bicycles should be included in the grassroots empowerment list, and the supervision of grassroots fire protection should be strengthened.
Li Yan, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Qilu Pharmaceutical Group, "should increase punishment, appropriately increase the upper limit of fines and penalties for units and individuals, and give full play to the deterrent effect." Li Yan, a representative of the National People's Congress and president of Qilu Pharmaceutical Group, said that blocking the fire escape has become one of the main reasons for the escape and expansion of residents in fire accidents. Behind this is not only the reason for the low cost of violating the law, but also the poor management and other factors. It is necessary to further increase the punishment of fire protection violations, strengthen the construction of grassroots fire fighting forces, and promote fire safety work to be included in the evaluation scope of property management services.
According to the Fire Protection Law, damage, misappropriation, or unauthorized removal or suspension of fire-fighting facilities and equipment; occupying, blocking, or closing evacuation passages or safety exits, or engaging in other behaviors that impede safe evacuation; Burying, occupying, or blocking fire hydrants or occupying fire spacing; Anyone who occupies, blocks, or closes the passage of fire trucks, obstructing the passage of fire trucks, shall be punished with a penalty of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan for the unit, and a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan shall be imposed on the individual.
This may be the problem of disproportionate penalties. Li Yan believes that after the fire, the above-mentioned illegal acts can easily lead to serious consequences, and even cause a tragedy of mass deaths and injuries. She suggested that the civil liability of relevant responsible parties (owners, property service companies, etc.) should be strengthened; Where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility may be pursued in accordance with law.
Li Yan said that the frequent fire accidents in residential areas in China are also closely related to the unclear responsibilities, incomplete mechanisms and weak strength of grassroots fire protection work. She suggested that the punishment authority for illegal parking, charging, occupancy, blockage, closure of evacuation channels, safety exits and other behaviors of electric bicycles should be included in the grassroots empowerment list, and the supervision of grassroots fire protection should be strengthened.
In view of the problem that the boundaries of responsibilities of various departments are not clear enough and it is difficult to form a joint force of supervision, Li Yan suggested that the division of responsibilities and boundaries of fire rescue, emergency management, housing and construction, public security and other departments should be further clarified, so that all parties can perform their duties and work together to avoid blind spots in supervision.
Li Yan also called for moving the gate forward and conscientiously consolidating the fire safety management responsibilities of property service enterprises. The "Regulations on the Fire Safety Management of High-rise Civil Buildings" points out that the entrusted property service enterprises of high-rise residential buildings shall perform fire safety duties in accordance with the law, such as formulating a fire safety system, clarifying that specific departments or personnel are responsible for fire safety management, regularly testing and maintaining the shared fire protection facilities, equipment and fire protection signs in the management area, organizing and carrying out fire prevention inspections and inspections, ensuring that evacuation channels, safety exits, and fire truck passages are unblocked, and stopping violations, etc. Li Yan believes that if the awareness of fire protection responsibility of property service enterprises is not strong and the management measures are superficial, there will be many fire safety hazards.
It is suggested that the quality of fire safety work should be included in the evaluation scope of property management services. Li Yan said that it is necessary to strengthen the application of property management service evaluation results in the selection and employment of property service enterprises, bidding and bidding, and procurement; Explore the establishment of a mechanism for linking the evaluation results of fire safety work with the evaluation results of property management services and property management fees, and use the relevant evaluation as the basis for the adjustment of property fees.
Deputy to the National People's Congress Fang Lan——
Clarify the management responsibilities of fire escape routes for high-rise residential buildings
The "household registration" management model should be fully implemented in the fire safety management of high-rise residences, and the fire safety management responsible person should be set up according to the building, and the fire safety management unit of each building should be clarified, and the management unit and personnel and their personnel should be publicized at the entrance of the building or in a conspicuous place so as to contact the responsible person in time to deal with fire safety hazards. 
Fang Lan, deputy to the National People's Congress and vice president of the Northwest Institute of History, Environment and Economic and Social Development of Shaanxi Normal University.
Since the reform and opening up, the urbanization process has accelerated, and high-rise residential buildings have become the mainstream with the characteristics of good lighting, strong privacy and low noise, but the problem of poor fire escape channels has not been effective. Fang Lan, deputy to the National People's Congress and deputy dean of the Northwest Institute of History, Environment and Economic and Social Development of Shaanxi Normal University, said that the management responsibilities of high-rise residential fire escape channels should be further clarified to ensure that each passage is responsible, managed, and maintained, and plays a role at critical moments.
The structure of high-rise residential buildings is complex and densely populated, and once a fire occurs, the smoke and fire spread quickly, and its way is difficult to control, which brings certain difficulties to fire fighting and rescue work. Fang Lan said that the fire escape route is not smooth, and it is very easy to expand the number of people, which seriously threatens the safety of people's lives.
Fang Lan said that although the fire escape passage is the life passage of high-rise residential residents in the event of a fire, the phenomenon of unobstructed passage and unmanaged is more common. "Some passages are occupied by debris, and some passages have imperfect lighting, indication signs and other facilities, which makes it difficult to escape. What's more, dangerous items such as e-bikes are placed directly in the tunnel for charging. Fang Lan said.
In terms of the fire escape passage being blocked or illegally occupied, Fang Lan believes that there are two main reasons. First of all, in the early stage of construction, because of the lack of foresight in design and planning, the later development situation was not considered, such as the number of parking spaces reserved in the early construction was not enough, could not meet the parking needs of residents, once there was nowhere to park, private cars would occupy the fire escape route, or park on the surrounding roads at will, blocking the fire escape route. Secondly, residents have a weak awareness of fire safety, and do not realize that blocking or illegally occupying fire escape routes will cause potential safety hazards, and such behaviors are repeatedly prohibited.
When it comes to management, Fang Lan believes that represented by high-rise residential communities, the current fire safety work of high-rise residential communities mainly relies on owners' committees and third-party property service companies, but some communities have neither owners' committees nor property service companies, and the maintenance of fire escape channels lacks professional testing and guidance. This problem is particularly acute in communities that have been built for a long time.
The management responsibilities of fire escape routes for high-rise residential buildings should be further clarified. Fang Lan said that the "household registration" management model should be fully implemented in the fire safety management of high-rise residences, and the fire safety management responsibility for fire safety management should be set up according to the building, and the fire safety management unit of each building should be clarified, and the management unit and personnel should be publicized at the entrance of the building or in a conspicuous place in order to contact the responsible person in time to deal with fire safety hazards. For old residential areas and high-rise residential buildings without corresponding management units, the township or sub-district office in the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction can designate responsible units and management personnel for management.
In addition, before the construction of housing, it is necessary to comprehensively plan the distribution density and construction height of high-rise residential buildings, and incorporate the design of evacuation channels and fire escape channels into the housing construction plan. Fang Lan said.
Member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Li Xiaoxuan——
Accelerate the development and application of high-rise building escape equipment
At present, many high-rise buildings in the construction of polystyrene foam board or polyurethane rigid foam and other flammable materials, these materials have become an important part of high-rise building fires. 
Li Xiaoxuan, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, member of the Democratic Progressive Association, vice president of the China Association for Private Education, and chairman of Yunnan Institute of Technology and Business.
High-rise buildings have strict fire safety requirements and fire protection design. However, according to the results of previous inspections by relevant departments, there are not a few failures and paralysis of its fire-fighting facilities and equipment. Li Xiaoxuan, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, member of the Democratic Progressive Association, vice president of the China Association of Private Education, and chairman of Yunnan Institute of Technology and Business, suggested that on the basis of a comprehensive investigation of the compliance and safety of high-rise building exterior wall insulation materials, fire-fighting facilities and equipment, and accelerate the rectification of the fire protection system, it is necessary to speed up the research and development and application of new high-rise building escape equipment, so as to make it more in line with the current "high-rise" characteristics and effectively enhance the actual rescue ability.
At present, many high-rise buildings are constructed using flammable materials such as polystyrene foam board or polyurethane rigid foam. These materials are very flammable and spread rapidly, flammable and combustible external insulation materials have become an important part of high-rise building fires.
Li Xiaoxuan suggested that it is necessary to seriously carry out a major fire safety inspection and hidden danger investigation of high-rise buildings, and in view of the problems and hidden dangers detected, hang up the account list, rectify and clear the zero, and effectively eliminate the long-term paralysis of fire protection facilities.
Li Xiaoxuan said that according to statistics, China is the country with the largest number of ultra-high-rise buildings in the world, with many super high-rise buildings over 500 meters and nearly 2,000 super high-rise buildings over 100 meters. In terms of fire and rescue facilities, most commonly used fire ladders have a working height of about 50 meters, which is equivalent to the height of an 18-story building. Some ultra-high fire ladders are more than 100 meters, but because of their cost of tens of millions of yuan and cumbersome maintenance, there are very few areas that can be applied. In addition, affected by the extinguishing distance, weather and other conditions, the effective fire extinguishing height of the fire ladder is also difficult to reach the theoretical value.
In other words, most of the time, the fire ladder is 'powerless' for fire fighting and rescue on floors above 50 meters. For the rescue on the higher floors, it can only rely on the self-rescue of the personnel in the building, fire-fighting facilities and rooftop rescue. Li Xiaoxuan said.
Li Xiaoxuan believes that in strengthening the maintenance of existing emergency rescue facilities and equipment, we should speed up the research and development and application of high-rise building escape equipment, can organize scientific research units and related enterprises to jointly design, establish product quality industry safety standards, and introduce escape equipment suitable for high-rise residential buildings in China as appropriate, and apply it in daily propaganda and education and drill activities, improve the application popularization rate, and provide guarantee for public escape and rescue in emergency situations.
In addition, it is equally important to strengthen safety education and improve the public's emergency escape skills. Li Xiaoxuan said that for high-rise residential residents, a certain self-rescue and mutual rescue skills "can save lives", to regularly carry out high-rise building emergency escape drills, multi-angle, all-round publicity to the public safety knowledge, teach emergency methods, to minimize the loss of personnel and property caused by high-rise residential fire accidents.
Zhang Xingkai, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Enhance the safety and emergency awareness of the whole society
Escape routes and safety exits are evacuation routes in the event of an emergency such as a disaster or accident, and must be unobstructed. It is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of risks in advance, and strengthen daily emergency drills and training and publicity.
Zhang Xingkai, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, honorary president and chief scientist of the China Academy of Safety Science and Technology.
*The work report proposes to adhere to high-quality development to promote high-level security, and ensure high-quality development with high-level security. Escape routes and safety exits are evacuation routes in the event of an emergency such as a disaster or accident, and must be unobstructed. Zhang Xingkai, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chief scientist of the China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, said.
Committee member Zhang Xingkai suggested that attention should be paid to the prevention of risks in advance, and daily emergency drills and training and publicity should be strengthened. Places where people gather and are dark and difficult to identify should be set up in a conspicuous position, and the operation and maintenance personnel must not block the escape passage or close the safety exit; Inspectors should focus on supervising the unqualified and unobstructed escape routes. Strengthen the publicity of emergency knowledge, improve the emergency literacy of the whole people, form an atmosphere of "everyone stresses safety, everyone knows how to respond to emergencies", and continuously improve the safety and emergency awareness and ability level of the whole society.