Indicates the speaker's subjective desires, assumptions, doubts, guesses, suggestions, etc. It does not represent an objectively existing fact, what is said is a condition, not necessarily a fact, and may be the opposite of a fact.
The seven basic forms of the subjunctive mood.
1 Verb form.
The verb form is used in all personal pronouns and numbers.
Example sentence 1: long live the people! Long live the people!
Example sentence 2: God bless you May God bless you.
2 Past tense of verbs.
The past tense of the verb is used in all personal and numeral, and the past tense of be is used in were.
Example sentence 3: If you loved me, you wouldn't say that if you loved me, you wouldn't say that kind of thing.
Example sentence 4: if i were in your shoes, i'd accept the terms.If I were in your position, I would accept these conditions.
3.had + past participle, used in all personal and numerical terms.
Example sentence 5: if i hadn't had to study for the exam last night, i would h**e gone to your party.If I didn't have to prepare for today's exam last night, I'd be going to your party.
Example sentence 6: The victim would h**e a chance to survive, if he had been taken to hospital in timeIf the victim had been taken to the hospital in time, he would have had a chance to survive.
4 The auxiliary verb should would+ the verb form.
Should (first person) and would.
2. Three-person pronouns) + verb form".
Example sentence 7: If I were you, I should take his adviceIf I were you, I would listen to his advice. (American English often used would, instead of should).
Example sentence 8: He said he would go if I went He said he would go if I went.
5 Auxiliary verb should would+h**e + past participle.
Should (first person) and would.
2. Three-person pronouns) + h**e + past participle".
Example sentence 9: if they hadn't helped you, you would h**e done nothing.If they hadn't helped you then, you wouldn't have achieved anywhere now.
Example sentence 10: if father hadn't sent me, i shouldn't h**e come.If my father hadn't sent me, I wouldn't have come. (American English often used would, instead of should).
6 Auxiliary verb Should + verb form.
hould + verb form", which is used in all personal and numerical forms.
Example sentence 11: It is desired that everything should be ready by eight o'clock.Hopefully everything will be ready by eight o'clock.
Example sentence 12: They suggested that we should meet at the station.
7 Auxiliary verb Should + h**e + past participle.
hould + h**e + past participle", which is used in all personal and numerical numbers.
Example sentence 13: it is strange that she should h**e done it It is strange that she would do such a thing.
Example sentence 14: I should h**e taken his advice.
1 The usage of the subjunctive mood in conditional clauses and resultant main clauses.
1) Indicates a condition or result that is contrary to the present facts.
When the subjunctive mood is used in a conditional sentence that is the opposite of reality, the predicate of the conditional clause is in the past tense of the verb (the past tense of be is used in were), and as a result, the predicate verb of the main clause is used in the predicate verb of "should" or "would.
2. Trinity) + verb form".
Example sentence 15: if l were you, l should not do such a thingIf I were you, I wouldn't do such a thing. (The American language is generally used as would, and no one is called it).
Example sentence 16: If they had time, they would study italian tooIf they had time, they would have learned Italian.
2) Indicate conditions and results that are contrary to past facts.
When the subjunctive mood is used in a conditional sentence that is contrary to the past fact, the predicate verb of the conditional clause is in the form "had + past participle", and the predicate verb of the main clause is used as "shou (first person) or would" (第.
2. Trinity) + h**e + past participle" form.
Example sentence 17: He would h**e a chance to survive, if he had been taken to hospital in timeIf he is taken to the hospital in time, he has a chance to survive.
3) Indicate conditions and results that may be contrary to future facts.
The subjunctive mood is used in conditional sentences that are the opposite of future facts, the predicate verb of the conditional sentence is in the past tense of the verb (the past tense of be is in the past tense of were), and the resultant main clause is used in the "should" (first person) or would.
2. Trinity) + verb form".
Example sentence 18: If you dropped the glass, it would break
Example sentence 19: If it were Sunday tomorrow, my sister would go shopping with her classmatesIf tomorrow were Sunday, my sister would go shopping with her classmates.
Note: In conditional clauses that indicate possible opposites to future facts, the predicate of conditional clauses can also be in the form "were to + verb form" (more formal, often used in written form) and "hould + verb form". It means that the hypothetical nature is very strong, and the possibility of realization is very small.
Example sentence 20: If you were to come tomorrow, I might h**e time to see youIf you come tomorrow, I might have time to see you.
Example sentence 21: If it should rain tomorrow, what would we do? What will we do if it rains tomorrow?
2 Sometimes the timing of the action in the conditional clause and the action in the result clause is not the same.
When the time of the action in the conditional clause and the action in the result clause do not coincide (e.g., one happened in the past and the other happens now), the form of the predicate verb of the subjunctive mood should be adjusted according to the time it represents.
Example sentence 22: if he had followed the doctor's advice, he would be quite all right now.If he had listened to the doctor, he would have been healed now. (The clause illustrates the past, and the main clause illustrates the present.) ）
Example sentence 23: if i were you, i would h**e gone to the theatreIf I were you, I would go to the play. (The time of the clause includes the present, and the main clause states the past.) ）
Example sentence 24: if i were not busy, i would h**e come to see youIf I'm not busy, I'll go see you. (The time of the clause illustrates the past, and the main clause illustrates the continuation of the past to the present.) ）
Example sentence 25: If you hadn't helped me, i couldn't h**e finished it on time and most likely i would be still working now.If you hadn't helped me, I wouldn't have been able to finish my job on time, and I'm probably still doing it. (The clause states the past, and the main clause states the past and the present).
3 Omit the subjunctive structure of the clause or main clause.
The subordinate or main clause in the subjunctive mood structure can sometimes be omitted in form, but the meaning remains.
1) The subjunctive mood structure of the main clause of the result is omitted, and it is often used to express wishes.
Example sentence 26: if he were here! If only he were here!
Example sentence 27: If I had never married
This structure also often starts with if only.
Example sentence 28: If only I were ten years younger! If only I could be ten years younger!
Example sentence 29: If only I could speak several foreign languages! If only I could speak a few foreign languages! (would could to indicate the future).
Example sentence 30: if only you had told me the truth beforeIf only you had told me the truth before. (Past perfect tense to denote past).
Note: Sometimes if only only indicates a condition, not a wish.
Example sentence 31: if only i had known earlier, i'd h**e phoned you.As long as I know earlier, I'll call you.
2) The subjunctive mood structure of conditional clauses is omitted.
Example sentence 32: You might stay here foreverYou can stay here forever. (omitted if you wanted or similar).
Example sentence 33: that would be fineThat would be great. (omit if you should do it or similar).
Example sentence 34: I would not h**e done itI'm not going to do that. (omitted if i were you or similar).
4 Conditional clause structure without if.
In written language, conditional clauses can sometimes move the past tense were, had, or should in the predicate before the subject instead of the conjunction if. But if the clause does not have were, had, or should, this is generally not possible.
Example sentence 35: were i in your position, i would do as what he saidIf I'm in your position, I'll do what he says.
Example sentence 36: had they not helped you, your project would h**e failedWithout their help, your project would have failed.
Example sentence 37: should they come, tell them not to wait for meIf they come, tell them not to wait for me.
5 Use a declarative tone to indicate conditions and results.
In modern English, a declarative mood is often used to indicate conditions and outcomes. The conditions and results of the statement tone are often the facts. If it's not a fact, it's also more likely than a subjunctive mood.
Example sentence 38: If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go out
Example sentence 39: The dog won't attack you if you sit still The dog won't bite you.
6 Subjunctive mood and modal verbs.
The subjunctive structure (whether a clause or a clause) can often be used as a predicate verb in the past tense of the modal verb, i.e., could, might, would, etc., plus the infinitive without to or the infinitive without to to. These modal verbs, in addition to denoting virtual structures, have independent meanings in their own right.
Example sentence 40: If she were here, she might come with you.
Example sentence 41: if i were you, i would join in the army If I were you, I would like to join the army.
Example sentence 42: But for your help, we could not h**e succeededWe would not have succeeded without your help.
Example sentence 43: If she left at six, she should arrive in time
7 Other uses of the subjunctive mood.
1) The subjunctive mood is used in the subject clause.
In addition to being mainly used for conditional sentences (i.e., adverbial clauses), the subjunctive mood can also be used for subject clauses. In the subject clause, the predicate verb of the subjunctive mood is either "hould + verb form (or should+h**e + past participle)", or only verb form (especially used in American English). Should is a tense auxiliary verb in this state, which has no real meaning in itself, and this kind of subject clause is guided by the conjunction that, which is often used in it is natural(necessary, strange, important, essential impossible, possible) that...In this kind of sentence pattern.
Example sentence 44: it was arranged that you should go and help susanArrangements have been made for you to help Susan.
Example sentence 45: It is necessary that the question should be settled at onceThis issue must be addressed immediately.
Example sentence 46: It is strange that he should h**e gone away without telling usIt's strange that he left us without informing us.
2) The subjunctive mood is used in the object clause.
The subjunctive mood can also be used in object clauses. The following three types of object clauses can be used in the subjunctive mood:
1) An object clause after the verb wish (often omitting the conjunction that), indicating an unfulfillable wish. If the verb in the object clause is in the past tense, it indicates the opposite of the present fact; If the past perfect tense is used, it means the opposite of the past facts.
Example sentence 47: I wish I knew my husband's secret.（= i don't know my husband's secret.If only I knew my husband's secret.
Example sentence 48: I wish i were a scientist（=i am not a scientist.I wish I were a scientist.
Note: If the verb wish is in the past tense, the subjunctive form of the verb of the subsequent object clause remains unchanged and is still in the past tense or past perfect tense.
Example sentence 49: She wished she knew how to play golfHow she wished she could play golf. (contrary to past facts).
Example sentence 50: I wished I hadn't been so forgetful. then i shouldn't h**e missed the concert.If I didn't forget like that, then I wouldn't go unanswered. (Contrary to the facts of the past).
2) Sometimes in the object clause, you can use the verb form of "would" or "might" to indicate a wish that is likely to be fulfilled.
Example sentence 51: I wish he might stay with me I want him to live with me.
Example sentence 52: He wishes I would go with him He wants me to go with him.
3) The object clauses following the verbs demand, command, desire, maintain, urge, direct, arrange, suggest, order, insist, propose, etc., use "hould + verb form" or only use the verb form to express the subjunctive mood.
Example sentence 53: The expert proposed that children shouldn't spend much time on tv.Experts advise children not to watch too much television.
Example sentence 54: My little daughter suggested that we should hold a family meetingMy youngest daughter suggested we have a family meeting tonight.
Example sentence 55: Most students insist that they should h**e more English classesMost of the students insisted on taking more English classes.
3) The subjunctive mood is used in the definite clause.
The subjunctive mood can also be used in definite clauses. It is usually used in it is time (that)...In the definite clause in the sentence structure. The predicate verb of the clause is often used in the subjunctive mood to indicate the future, and the verb is in the past tense: it means "it's time to do something, it's a little late".
Example sentence 56: It is time we left We should go.
Grammarly