Experts from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences advocate a universal pension for Chinese citizens, and no one can be missed
Pensions have always been a matter of great concern to everyone, whether they are retired or working.
Recently, during the two sessions, many delegates are also about to put forward new proposals on pensions; During this period, many experts also expressed some opinions on pensions, and some even called for the reform of basic pensions.
Recently, Cai Fang, chief expert of the national high-end think tank of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, expressed his views on pensions in an interview with Wang Boming, editor-in-chief of Caijing magazine.
Cai Fang pointed out that some people think that there is a gap in pensions, but he believes that only from the perspective of population dependency ratio, if there is no gap in the past, it will definitely get closer and closer to the gap in the future, according to the current pay-as-you-go pension system, there will be a payment crisis one day, and this is quite difficult to solve.
Therefore, Cai Fang believes that the institutional structure must adapt to the future demographic structure in order to make corresponding changes, for which he also put forward several suggestions, one of which is that the basic pension insurance should be nationalized, which has nothing to do with his contribution, but to establish a wide coverage, low level of basic pension insurance system, so that the future people, as long as they are citizens of the country, can obtain this basic pension insurance; Then, through the second and third pillars, a more comprehensive pension insurance system will be developed. The third pillar is to develop a more comprehensive pension insurance system. In your opinion, if the first pillar no longer covers the entire population, people will be left out.
Cai Fang's views were immediately highly recognized by the majority of netizens.
Judging from the current situation and the feedback of the broad masses, many people believe that at present, the salaries of workers and workers in some systems are relatively high and they have more savings, but after retirement, the pensions of civil servants and teachers are still very high, basically more than 5,000 or 6,000 yuan, and even tens of thousands of yuan in some areas.
Most of these institutional pensioners do not pay their own pensions when they are in office, but are subsidized by the government, so most of the current pension financial subsidies are subsidies for institutional pensioners.
The existence of this situation not only increases the payment pressure of the pension, but more importantly, it causes an imbalance in the distribution of pensions.
On the one hand, there are retirees in the system who receive high pensions and large savings, and on the other hand, ordinary enterprise workers who can only receive two or three thousand pensions per month. This is why it is argued that some people receive too much and leave others with no room to live, especially since many people living in vast rural areas have no or very low pensions.
At present, China's pension is implemented"Pay more, get more"、"Pay more, get more"If you want to get more pension after retirement, you must pay more pension insurance before retirement.
China's rural pension insurance system has not been established for a long time, and many people have not participated in it for a long time, so they receive very few pensions.
Let's first compare the gap between the pension of urban workers and the pension of urban and rural residents.
According to the data released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the number of urban and rural residents receiving pensions in 2022 will be 164.64 million, and the basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents will be 404.4 billion yuan, with an average monthly pension of about 205 yuan.
Also by 2022, the number of people participating in China's urban workers' pension insurance will reach 1364.4 billion people, the basic pension insurance expenditure for urban workers will reach 5903 in that year500 million yuan, the monthly per capita pension income of urban workers will reach 360567 yuan. This is equivalent to the average monthly pension of urban workers and 17 of the average monthly pension of urban and rural residents6 times or so.
So, is the real reason for the pension gap to be different contributions, or is it more and less contribution? Not really.
The current calculation method of pension for urban and rural residents is completely different from that for urban workers.
The pension of urban workers is mainly related to the average social wage of the previous year, the number of years of payment, the payment index and the balance of the personal pension account; However, there are few influencing factors for the pension of urban and rural residents, which mainly depend on the pension base and the balance of the personal pension account in various places.
It is precisely because of the different calculation methods that the pension gap between the two groups is relatively large.
Taking 2023 as an example, the number of people insured by the basic pension insurance for urban employees will be 521.21 million, and the income of the basic pension insurance for urban employees in that year will be 7015400 million yuan, with an annual per capita payment of 13,452$4.
Also in 2023, the number of urban and rural residents in China will be 545.22 million, and the income of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents that year will be 606 billion yuan, with an annual per capita payment of 1111$4.
In contrast, the per capita pension insurance contribution of urban workers in 2023 is equivalent to 12 of the per capita basic pension insurance contribution of urban and rural residents1 times, but the per capita pension income of urban workers is equivalent to 176x.
From this data, it can be seen that the current pension insurance for urban and rural residents is obviously much lower than the pension insurance for urban workers, and the amount of pension is not entirely the problem of paying more and receiving more, which has a very important reason, that is, the financial support is not the same.
In this regard, many people hope to carry out basic pension reform, after all, they are Chinese citizens, finance is equal to everyone, all citizens should be able to enjoy the benefits of financial subsidies, financial subsidies must not be biased towards the pension system, but also to the majority of enterprise workers and rural residents, the majority of rural residents also have the right to enjoy pension benefits.
However, this advice is only a suggestion. Judging from the current operating system and actual situation of China's pension, it is not very realistic to establish an old-age insurance system covering all citizens in the short term.
In the short term, it should be adhered to"Who is insured, who benefits"with"Pay more, get more wages"but pensions should be tilted towards rural areas, such as appropriate subsidies for those over 60 years old who have not participated in pension insurance.