The reasons for the collapse of the USSR can be attributed to a number of aspects.
First of all, the Soviet economy has long been constrained by the planned economic system, and there are problems of uneven distribution of resources and low economic efficiency. This has led to a recession and high inflation rates, exacerbating discontent among the people.
Secondly, the rigidity and bureaucracy of the Soviet political system led to a lag in decision-making and an increase in corruption. Infighting among senior leaders has also weakened the stability of **.
In addition, there were several ethnic and religious groups within the Soviet Union, and there were strong local nationalist sentiments in many regions. The increase in these *** and separatist activities, exacerbates the ** of the state.
The immediate cause can be attributed to Gorbachev's political reforms. His "reform and new thinking" fundamentally abandoned the socialist values and political system, abolished the guiding position of Marxism, the legal ruling party status of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the effective control of the public economy over the national economy. This led to the ideological and political confusion of the party and state in the Soviet Union and the continued deterioration of the country's economy, which provided an opportunity for Western countries to propagate capitalism and attack communism.
In addition, the Soviet Union's military expansion over a period of several decades caused the state to invest too much of its financial resources in the national defense and military budget, which aggravated the imbalance in the national economy. This seriously depleted and weakened the national strength of the Soviet Union and became one of the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union.
In terms of external causes, the peaceful evolution strategy of Western countries was one of the main reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the collapse of the CPSU. Through economic, political, cultural and ideological means, they comprehensively introduced the values of the Western world, supported the opposition and national separatist forces in the Soviet Union, and hastened the collapse of the Soviet Union.
To sum up, the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union are manifold, including economic, political, ethnic, reform, and external factors. These factors interacted and eventually led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The collapse of the Soviet Union had a profound impact on China, which was embodied in its political, economic, cultural, and international status.
First of all, the collapse of the Soviet Union changed the international landscape and gave China a greater voice on the international stage. The collapse of the original bipolar pattern and the emergence of the United States as the sole superpower have provided an opportunity for China to play a more active role in international affairs. At the same time, the collapse of the Soviet Union also accelerated the process of China's reform and opening up, and promoted the reform of China's political and economic systems.
Second, the collapse of the Soviet Union diversified China's international partners. China's economic and trade relations with Russia and other CIS countries have been further strengthened, and new markets and resources have been opened up. In addition, with the end of the Cold War, China has also become more involved in the global economic system, accelerating its integration into globalization.
In terms of culture, the collapse of the Soviet Union also had a profound impact on China. As one of the important sources of Chinese culture, Russian culture has had an impact on China in many fields such as art, literature, and **. With the increase of exchanges between China and Russia, this cultural influence has become more and more significant, enriching the connotation of Chinese culture.
In addition, the collapse of the Soviet Union gave China a geopolitical advantage. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, China's influence in its surrounding regions increased and there were opportunities to expand its influence in Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and other regions. At the same time, China's status in the international community has gradually improved, becoming an important power and playing an increasingly important role in international organizations such as the United Nations.
However, the collapse of the Soviet Union also brought certain challenges to China. As China's neighbor, the strength of the Soviet Union has always been China's frame of reference. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, China's position in the socialist camp has become more prominent, but it is also facing greater international pressure and challenges. In addition, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, China also needed to deal with the peaceful evolution strategy from Western countries and the interference of external forces.
In general, the collapse of the Soviet Union had a profound impact on China, with both opportunities and challenges. In the process of responding to this historic event, China and its people have shown a high degree of wisdom and courage, adopted a series of correct policies and measures, and promoted the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of its comprehensive national strength.