Reading guide:
As a discipline that inspires children, Mongolian studies have a long history in China, and it covers a wide range of contents. Mengxue developed to the Ming Dynasty and has reached its heyday. The compilation of the new Mongolian textbooks in the Ming Dynasty has the characteristics of practicality, easy to understand and in line with children's psychological development, and these textbooks are more innovative than the Mongolian textbooks before the Ming Dynasty in terms of form and content, these textbooks can not only enrich children's knowledge, but also guide children from the moral and ethical aspects, and contain rich historical education ideas. It has many references for today's history books and the compilation of history textbooks.
What is it that you learn?
There are two main ways to understand "Mengxue" in academic circles.
First, it is believed that "Mengxue" is a kind of specialized institution for the enlightenment education of children in ancient China. Mao Lirui wrote in "The History of Education in Ancient China":
The private school settings of this period can be roughly divided into two categories. One is Mongolian learning, which teaches literacy and basic knowledge. This kind of Mongolian school is called a primary school, or a village school, or a school set up by a clan, or a private school for a wealthy family. ”
It can be seen from this that Mongolian school is still referred to as a school or school system.
Second, it is believed that "Mongolian learning" refers specifically to the enlightenment education of ancient Chinese children. Chen Hancai mentioned in his book "The History of Early Childhood Education in Ancient China" that the period from the beginning of children's literacy to the age before entering university is collectively referred to in ancient Chinese education as the Mongolian learning stage. Therefore, Mengxue education refers to the enlightenment education for children at this stage.
The formation of Mongolian studies in the history of the Ming Dynasty!
In the Ming Dynasty, there were many scholars who devoted themselves to the compilation of historical Mongolian textbooks, and it was through their efforts that a large number of historical Mongolian textbooks emerged. Xiao Liang of the Ming Dynasty wrote the beginning of "Longwen Whip Shadow".
The shadow of the dragon whip, thick into four characters, the children of the children, the scriptures, the history of the child. ”
The author believes that Tong Meng needs to read history books carefully and understand them thoroughly, which shows Xiao Liang's awareness of history education. In addition, Cheng Minzheng of the Ming Dynasty compiled the "Yongshi Quatrain", which recorded the history of more than 2,000 years from the three dynasties to the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the author contained it in the preface.
The chaos of its emergence, the gains and losses of politics, and the evil and virtuous talents are probably slightly prepared. ’’
It shows that the author's purpose in compiling this book is to hope that Meng Tong will be able to understand the changes of various dynasties in history, social chaos, and political gains and losses through the study of this book, which also shows the author's strong sense of historical education. It was under such a strong sense of history education that a large number of historical Mongolian textbooks emerged in the Ming Dynasty.
The rise of social studies, private schools, and Yixue in the Ming Dynasty.
China has always attached great importance to Mongolian education, and there are many institutions that carry Mongolian education, including private schools, social studies, and many Mongolian education carried out by families and clans, but the national level has not paid too much attention to Mongolian education. After the Ming Dynasty, important attention was paid to Mongolian education at the national level. In the Ming Dynasty, the places that carried Mongolian education were various organizations such as social studies, private schools, home museums, and Yixue. Private schools, family halls, Yixue, and township schools are mostly undertaken by families or gentry, while social studies are undertaken by **. Among them, social studies developed rapidly in the Ming Dynasty and gradually expanded in scale, becoming one of the main institutions of Mongolian education in the Ming Dynasty. It is precisely because of the establishment and expansion of the scale of these non-governmental education places that more Mongolian children have been included in the education system, and due to the increase in the number of educational objects, the Mongolian learning materials required by these Mongolian education organizations have also been published and used.
Social studies is a form of private school education organization that emerged in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, because the ruler and the government vigorously advocated the establishment of social studies, its official color was relatively strong, and because of this, the scale of social studies in the Ming Dynasty was relatively large. The first to advocate the establishment of social science was the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanjing, according to historical records
In the first month of the spring of the eighth year of Hongwu, Ding Hai ordered the world to establish social studies. The minister of Zhongshu Province said: "In the past into the world of Zhou, the family has a school, the party has a Zhen, so the people know how to learn, and the customs are beautiful by educating and doing." Nowadays, there are schools in Beijing and counties, and the people of the township community have not been educated, so it is advisable to make the division change social studies, and the teachers and Confucians can teach the children of the people to guide the people to good customs. ”
This shows that the establishment of sociology has been highly valued by the rulers, and the main purpose of vigorously establishing sociology is to educate the people in order to improve folk customs and habits, and it is in this context that social studies in the Ming Dynasty flourished.
In the Ming Dynasty, in addition to the organizational form of social studies, Mongolian education also included Yixue and Shuxue, etc., and the establishment of these educational institutions, the learning content and the teaching materials used were not much different from those of social studies. Therefore, the general establishment of these Mongolian education institutions such as social studies, Yixue, and family schools has prompted the Mongolian education in the Ming Dynasty to be widely valued by the society, so there have been many famous educators and scholars who pay attention to Mongolian education, and some have also personally compiled Mongolian study textbooks, such as Li Tingji, a bachelor in the Ming Dynasty, who personally compiled the history Mongolian studies textbook "Appraisal and Proper Note".
It is in this context that the educational objects of Mongolian education are relatively universal. As a result, the development of Mongolian textbooks in the Ming Dynasty entered a period of prosperity and differentiation, and all kinds of Mongolian textbooks were widely used in the whole society, and there were many types and quantities of textbooks. In addition, the content of Mongolian textbooks has become more specialized, and many types have appeared, such as literacy education, moral education, history education, and so on, especially the number of Mongolian textbooks in history education has gradually increased.
The imperial examination system promotes the development of Mongolian studies!
The imperial examination system was first established in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and adopted the eight-share scholar system in the Ming Dynasty, making the imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty more standardized and institutionalized. As the basic link under the imperial examination education system, Mengxue in the Ming Dynasty naturally showed a different appearance. The imperial examination system of the Ming Dynasty entered the heyday of its development through continuous improvement and reform, and the imperial examination system of the Ming Dynasty was closely related to school education, scientific examination, and fame.
Because of this, the imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty was open to all strata of society, so it was basically an activity in which the whole people participated; In addition, if you want to participate in the imperial examination, you must enter the school to study and learn cultural knowledge, so the imperial examination system strengthens the Ming people's concept of attaching importance to education and the supremacy of reading; In addition, the close combination of the imperial examination and fame prompted the formation of a universally recognized concept of the imperial examination in the society of the Ming Dynasty, namely.
So that Chinese and foreign scholars are all promoted by the imperial examination, and those who are not subject to the imperial examination are not allowed to be officials. ”
Under this general environment, the atmosphere of reverence for learning and re-learning in the Ming Dynasty became stronger. Therefore, the imperial examination system objectively promoted the development of school education in the Ming Dynasty, and as a grassroots education of school education, Yimengxue is bound to receive the attention and development of the society.
It is also through the medium of the imperial examination system that the ruler internalizes the ethical and moral concepts advocated by Confucianism as the value pursuit of every scholar in the society, and the ethical and moral concepts pursued by Confucianism are mainly manifested in "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith", "self-cultivation", "righteousness", "unity of family, governing the country, and leveling the world", etc., these ethical and moral concepts are the orthodox concepts advocated by the rulers, and they are also the ethical and moral concepts contained in the content of the imperial examination. Therefore, these concepts have been widely recognized and advocated by the society. As the most basic part of school education, it is necessary to cultivate Mongolian children to establish Confucian ethics and morality, mainly through the compilation of Mongolian learning textbooks. Therefore, under the promotion of this educational concept, the number of Mongolian textbooks has increased significantly.
In short, under the favorable impetus of the imperial examination system, the Ming Dynasty society in the Ming Dynasty emphasized the prevalence of learning and Confucianism, which to a certain extent promoted the development of school education, and Mongolian education was also widely valued by the society. In addition, the content of the imperial examination Confucian classics, attaches great importance to morality and ethics, under the influence of this, Mengtong will also pay attention to the study of this aspect in education, and the history of Mongolian textbooks as a carrier of ethics and morality will also be widely valued by the society, so that many people have emerged even famous educators in the Ming Dynasty or in high positions concerned about the compilation of this kind of Mongolian textbooks, so under this influence, the number of historical Mongolian textbooks in the Ming Dynasty has increased a lot.
Commercial Publishing Promotes the Development of Mongolian Learning Textbooks!
After the early development of the Ming Dynasty, to the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the society had a great development, and its commodity economy was unprecedentedly prosperous. With the development of the commodity economy, the book publishing of the Ming Dynasty tended to be commoditized, before the Ming Dynasty, although commercial publishing was also relatively prosperous, but it was mainly for the upper class of society to serve, to the Ming Dynasty, due to the prosperity and development of the commodity economy, a large number of commercial bookstores also developed, which promoted the commercial publishing is also becoming more and more prosperous. The publishing industry in the Ming Dynasty was extremely prosperous, and the commercial publishing with bookshops as the main body was unprecedentedly prosperous.
Under the influence of this factor, the publication of books in the Ming Dynasty has become more and more numerous, and the number of Mongolian books has also been rising. In the early Ming Dynasty, the country was in ruins, the book publishing industry was not developed, and the Mongolian textbooks circulating in the society were relatively simple, mainly "Thousand Character Text", "Three Character Classic", "Hundred Family Names" and so on. However, by the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the types and quantities of Mongolian reading materials gradually increased. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, Lu Desheng compiled "Children's Language", "Female Children's Language", Lu Kun's "Continuation of Children's Language", Fang Xiaoru's "Miscellaneous Teachings", etc., and at the same time, a large number of historical Mongolian textbooks have been published, such as Xiao Liangyou's "Mengyang Story", Cheng Dengji's "Kindergarten Qionglin Story", Li Yanji's "Appraisal and Proper Notes" and so on.
These books were very popular as soon as they were published. In addition, the commercial publishing of the Ming Dynasty has a very prominent feature that is more and more inclined to publish popular reading materials, in order to sell well among the public, as far as the content of historical Mongolian textbooks is concerned, most of these books are popular readings, so the popular historical Mongolian textbooks will also receive everyone's attention, thus stimulating scholars or literati in the society to pay attention to the compilation of Mongolian textbooks, increasing the number of Mongolian textbooks.
Summary: In short, due to the importance attached to education by the rulers of the Ming Dynasty and all walks of life, a large number of educational organizations such as social studies, Yixue, and family schools were promoted, and Mongolian education received unprecedented attention. In addition, Mongolian education was influenced by the imperial examination system, especially the Confucian ethics and morality advocated by the imperial examination system, which profoundly affected the value orientation in the Mongolian textbooks, as well as the prosperity and development of the commercial publishing industry in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, which objectively promoted the compilation of Mongolian textbooks, and the historical Mongolian textbooks containing Confucian ethics and morality and the popular historical Mongolian textbooks have also been valued by the society, and the Ming people have a strong sense of historical education. It has stimulated the compilation of textbooks on Mongolian history.
The content and role of history education in the Ming Dynasty Mongolian textbooks.
The content of history education in Mongolian studies in the Ming Dynasty included a lot of historical knowledge, mainly to popularize the historical development context, historical figures and deeds, and a lot of historical knowledge to Mengtong. In addition, it also includes a lot of ethical and moral content, such as learning, being an official, and being a person. Therefore, the content of Mongolian history education in the Ming Dynasty can be roughly divided into two aspects: historical knowledge education and ethics and morality education.
Teaching history in the Ming Dynasty Mongolian textbooks about the education of historical knowledge.
1. About common sense:
The education of historical knowledge is mainly to popularize certain historical knowledge to Mengtong by telling the historical development context and the deeds of historical figures, so as to guide Mengtong to establish a world view that conforms to the will of feudal rule. There is a lot of common sense historical knowledge in the history and Mongolian textbooks, such as Cheng Dengji's "Kindergarten Qionglin".
The Son of Heaven is the lord of the world, the prince of the princes and the king of the country. Looking at the world, it is to give way to the virtuous; The family is the heir to the throne. Your Majesty, honored as the Son of Heaven; Your Highness, respect the clan. The Prime Minister of the Ministry of Officials, the Prime Minister of the Ministry of Heaven, the Prime Minister of the Ministry of Households, the General Secretary of the Ministry of Rites, the Great Master of the Spring Official, the Great Sima of the Summer Official of the Ministry of War, the Great Sikou of the Autumn Official of the Criminal Department, and the Great Sikong of the Winter Official of the Ministry of Industry. ”
These explained to Mengtong what the Son of Heaven is, the princes, and popularized the official position of the ** department to Mengtong and other historical common sense knowledge, Ming Dynasty history Mongolian textbooks contain a lot of historical common sense knowledge, especially allusions to the history of Mongolian textbooks, such as "Longwen Whip Shadow", "Kindergarten Qionglin" these two textbooks. The learning of these common knowledge of history helps to lay a foundation for future learning, so the popularization of basic knowledge can promote the deeper learning of Mongolian children. In addition, the infiltration of these historical common-sense knowledge in the history and Mongolian textbooks is also very in line with the law of psychological development of Mengtong, and the study of historical knowledge from shallow to deep is helpful for Mengtong to learn certain historical proper nouns and form some common-sense historical concepts, so as to learn deeper historical knowledge.
2. About History:
For Mengtong, who are new to Chinese history, the first task is to understand the context of China's historical development. In the Ming Dynasty history and Mongolian textbooks, almost every textbook that describes the historical development is reflected, especially the Mongolian textbooks that tell history, and they all pay more attention to the cultivation of knowledge in this aspect. In "Shi Yun", Nanxing directly narrates the history from the Western Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, and in each article, it lists the names and years of each emperor and the length of his reign in chronological order, so as to help Mengtong "test the lineage and know the whole thing". This allows Meng Tong to intuitively understand the succession of thrones in each dynasty.
3. On the deeds of historical figures.
In the education of historical knowledge, in addition to giving Meng Tong a clear understanding of the development of Chinese history, the most important thing is to understand the deeds of ancient historical figures. These historical figures include kings through the ages; There are Wenchen who were active in various dynasties and dynasties in Chinese history; There are also famous generals who galloped on the ancient battlefield; There are also people with lofty ideals who are famous in history and famous for future generations, and so on.
Xiao Liang has allusions to historical figures in "The Shadow of the Dragon's Whip", which is basically written in the whole article, such as:
The king of Shang prayed for rain, and the Han Dynasty sang in style. Xiu patrols Hebei, and plans to base Jiangdong. Taizong Huaihe, Huan Qu Cheng. ”
It is said that when Shang Tang was in power, there was a great drought, so he cut off his nails and hair to pray for rain for the people; After Han Gaozu pacified the world, he returned to his hometown Pei County, gathered the old people to drink and sang "Song of the Great Wind"; Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, raised troops to patrol the area north of the Yellow River, relieved Wang Mang**, eliminated local forces, and revitalized the Han Dynasty; At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Ce occupied Jiangdong and established the Wu State; When Tang Taizong was playing with the eagle, Wei Zheng happened to come to the court, and Taizong hid the eagle in his arms, but Wei Zheng deliberately delayed the time to perform, and after the end, the eagle had been suffocated; Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty was the imperial history, strictly enforcing the law, and often riding a horse and other historical allusions.
After reading the stories of historical figures in these textbooks, Meng Tong first learned about these ancient historical figures and accumulated a large number of allusions, which laid a certain foundation for future learning; Moreover, the stories of these historical figures contain many principles and certain wisdom of being a man and doing things, and Meng Tong can know the right and wrong standards of life by reading the deeds of these historical figures. In short, Mengtong's learning of the deeds of historical figures can lay a certain foundation for future learning, and at the same time, it can also enlighten Mengtong's wisdom in life and work.
Fourth, on the evaluation of historical figures.
In addition to telling the stories of historical figures, many historical textbooks also include a lot of comments on historical figures. These remarks mainly evaluate the merits and demerits of historical figures, and the remarks in the Mongolian textbooks that evaluate historical figures reflect that people had a strong ethical concept at that time. For example, Sun Chengen's "Ancient Rhymes" describes Song Taizu:
Benevolence and generosity are different, and Confucianism and sainthood are respected. Sincere with a glass of wine, the heart of the door. Be cautious of the lives of the people, and punish the source of extravagance. The body is the first to incarnate the book, as if seeing Wang Yan. ”
This paragraph is about the deeds of Song Taizu and what he did for the emperor, and the author believes that Song Taizu is really a generation of Ming Jun. In addition, in addition to the admiration and praise of the sages and virtuous ministers, the Mongolian textbooks of the Ming Dynasty also evaluated some ordinary historical figures. For example, Cheng Dengji in "Kindergarten Qionglin":
and the godson of the pill, the sage of Zhong Ying's mother; Drama and entertainment, the filial piety of Lao Laizi. ”
Here it is mainly said that Tang Liu Zhongying's mother Han and bear bile are the sons, so they are evaluated as virtuous mothers; And Lao Laizi is old, and he still wears colorful clothes to please his parents, so he evaluates Lao Laizi as a filial son. From these evaluations, it can be seen that these compilers highly praised people who possessed the virtues of filial piety, leniency, and honesty, and thus also reflected that the society at that time admired the Confucian morality of benevolence, righteousness, and morality.
Summary: Based on the above examples, it is clear that there are countless textbooks on history knowledge education in the history curriculum. History education allows Mengtong to learn a lot of historical knowledge, which helps Mengtong accumulate certain historical allusions and lay a certain foundation for future learning. Let Mengtong understand the context of China's historical development, which is conducive to Mengtong's understanding of how history evolves and the general situation of the development of each dynasty, and these historical education will help to establish Mengtong's world view; popularizing the deeds of historical figures, especially the deeds of princes and generals, helped to cultivate Mengtong's loyal and patriotic thoughts in line with the feudal ruling class; In addition, through the evaluation of historical figures, the mainstream moral and ethical concepts of society are publicized to Mengtong, and the personality quality of Mengtong is cultivated.
It is a teaching of ethics and morality in the Mongolian textbooks of the Ming Dynasty.
In addition to popularizing historical knowledge to Mengtong, the content of history education in the Ming Dynasty was more important to educate Mengtong on ethics and morality. Ethics and moral education is mainly to guide Mengtong to establish an outlook on life and values that conform to the will of the feudal ruling class by learning the moral character embodied by outstanding figures in history.
First, the way of life.
In the history and Mongolian textbooks of the Ming Dynasty, many examples of life were set up, providing an example for Mengtong in terms of life and self-cultivation. Filial piety is the source of all moral heart, and it is also the starting point of a person's moral personality, and its main content is the support and respect of children to their elders, especially highlighting the filial piety of children to their parents. A large number of filial sons are recorded in many historical books, for example, the historical records record the deeds of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty who tasted the decoction and served his mother, although this historical event was not directly written in the "Historical Records of Filial Piety", but Yuan Ang mentioned Emperor Xiaowen in the later text:
When His Majesty lived in the dynasty, the Queen Mother tasted illness, and for three years, His Majesty did not pay eyelashes, did not undress, and the decoction was not tasted by His Majesty's mouth. The husband has participated in the cloth clothes It is still difficult, and now His Majesty is the king, and he has participated in filial piety. ”
This shows that Emperor Xiaowen did take care of his mother day and night for three years, and also personally tasted decoction to serve his mother, and because of this, later generations praised Emperor Xiaowen's filial piety. There are countless records of this kind in the official history, including the filial piety of the emperor, the military generals and even the common people, although their identities are different, but their main purpose is to promote the spirit of filial piety. Influenced by orthodox thought, Mongolian education naturally pays special attention to cultivating the filial piety of Mongolian children.
Second, it is the way to learn.
From ancient times to the present, advocating learning for learning has always been a highly respected behavior in society, and the rulers of the Ming Dynasty paid special attention to the implementation of culture and education, so the history education of Mongolian studies in the Ming Dynasty also paid attention to learning education, so that Mengtong could establish the concept of learning. As mentioned in Li Tingji's "Notes on Appreciating and Correcting", when writing about the political achievements of Tang Taizong.
The opening of the museum summons virtuous Confucianism and talks about ** Zhang Zu. ”
and Yang Shen's "Twenty-one Historical Bullet Words" talks about Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Xingli teaches filial piety and honesty and is a counselor".
Speaking of Tang Taizong. Xing Bachelor's lecture book to recruit talents".
All of this shows that most of the rulers of the past encouraged learning and attached great importance to Confucianism. These examples can also be seen that in the Ming Dynasty, there were many contents of the history textbooks of Mongolian studies that promoted the importance of reading, so the determination to study and education became one of the main contents of Mongolian history education. The narration of historical figures' diligent efforts to study is conducive to conveying these learning concepts to Mengtong, so that Mengtong can establish a diligent and studious learning concept. In addition, under the promotion of the imperial examination system, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty advocated the establishment of education, and the people also served the imperial examination through various forms, which made the people of the whole society attach great importance to reading, so the style of respecting Confucianism and valuing learning in the society is becoming stronger and stronger. As a part of the imperial examination, Mongolian education is naturally also deeply influenced by it.
3. The way of being an official.
In ancient times, kings promoted and attached great importance to education in order to cultivate courtiers who were loyal to the king and loved the people, and history education in Mongolian studies naturally ran through this educational purpose. In the Ming Dynasty, the history education of Mengxue mainly began to strengthen how Mengtong should be officials from an early age, and taught them to become a courtier who was loyal to the king and loved the people, and served the ruler. The content of historical figures in terms of being officials abounds in historical and Mongolian textbooks. For example, Xiao Liang has "Longwen Whip Shadow":
Lu Gong Sanyi, Yang Zhen Sizhi ""Hidden Selling Dogs, Jing Bo Cooking Females";
In Li Tingji's "Notes on Appraisal":
Cen Peng is a history of thorns, and folk dogs are not surprised. ”
Cheng Dengji's "Kindergarten Qionglin".
In addition to the Kolai Court, only flowers can be planted; Before the Li Wenjing Hall, only the whirlwind horse was allowed. "The people love the government of Deng Hou and will not leave it." ”
This is all pointing out that officials should be honest, and it is precisely by telling small stories of historical figures that Mengtong has established a clean and democratic, loyal, outspoken and admonishing image, etc., and has preached many ways of being an official to Mengtong. On the other hand, China has always admired the **, they have the same morality, which shows that the way of being an official advocated in the textbooks of Mongolian studies is influenced by the orthodox concept of being an official, that is, what kind of ** is praised and admired in the society, what kind of official way will be instilled in Mengtong.
Fourth, the way of the king.
In the history textbooks of the Ming Dynasty, in addition to preaching many ways of being a person, learning and being an official, there are also many ways to be a king, and its main purpose is to popularize the deeds of the monarchs of the past dynasties and how the kings practiced benevolent government to the Mengtongs. The Ming Dynasty's Mongolian textbook "Notes on Appreciation" contains:
Emperor Yao Tao Tang Clan, Rende Hong Tiandi; ......The flood flooded for nine years, so that Yu was cured; Thirteen springs outside, not at home; Tongze dredges nine rivers, and diverts water from the east. Lift the benefits to govern the mountains, and the beasts all escape; The people are happy, striking the kik and singing. ”
Again: King Yu ascended to the throne of the country, and the system of rules and regulations; - Feed ten to get up, comfort civil affairs; When I went out to see a sinner, I got out of the car and asked and wept. ”
These are about the deeds of Yao Shun during his reign, and they were all loved by the people because they were worried about the people. In addition, the way of being a monarch advocated in the history and Mongolian textbooks of the Ming Dynasty also included the monarch's military "hanging the people". For example, Yang Shen contained in "Twenty-one Historical Bullet Words":
Emperor Wen of Sui was the monarch of the Northern Dynasty, and in the past eight years, he has raised Shima and destroyed Jiangdong. Empress Chen accepted the letter and called the ministers the head, and the volume of Jiangdong Bao universe unified the universe. ”
He also said: (Song) Taizu did the Zhou Dynasty official seal inspection, and led the three armies to sweep away the border dust. Feeling the heavenly phenomenon moving the sun Chen Qiao mutiny, should Feilong ascend the throne to the south of the throne. Ask the Southern Han Dynasty to set the West Shu and give it to the eight directions, and take the guests from the four seas of Jiangnan Pingwu and Yue. ”
These mainly talk about the deeds of Emperor Wen of Sui and Taizu of Song after a long period of chaos in the world, through continuous conquest to unify the country, it can be seen that as a king, he should establish a unified country through just wars and maintain social stability. The way of being a king advocated by the Mongolian textbooks of the Ming Dynasty is that the monarch mainly implements benevolent government, loves the people, recruits talents, is close to the virtuous and the ministers, is far from the villain, and is to pay light for the meager endowment, build water conservancy, benefit the people, etc., which is exactly the way of the king advocated by traditional Chinese Confucianism.
Conclusion: With the extensive establishment of Mongolian studies organizations such as social studies, private schools, and Yixue in the Ming Dynasty, the strong promotion of the imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty, and the prosperity and development of commercial publishing in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the history education of Mongolian studies in the Ming Dynasty was widely valued by the society, resulting in the emergence of a large number of historical Mongolian study textbooks. First of all, the historical Mongolian textbooks of the Ming Dynasty continued to emerge due to the extensive attention of the society to Mongolian education, and they were diverse in quantity and rich in content, which were incomparable to those of the previous dynasties.
Secondly, the history education of Mongolian studies in the Ming Dynasty was based on historical Mongolian textbooks, and its educational content was also relatively rich, mainly including historical knowledge education and ethics education. Through the education of historical knowledge, Mengtong can learn many historical allusions and understand the context of historical development, which is conducive to increasing Mengtong's historical knowledge and stimulating Mengtong's interest in learning history.
In addition, through ethical and moral education, the vast number of Mengtong in the Ming Dynasty formed ethical concepts such as "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith", loyalty and patriotism, and kindness to others, which made Mengtong establish a certain feudal ethical and moral ideology from an early age, and laid a certain ideological foundation for becoming a qualified subject in the future.