I believe that when you watch film and television dramas, you can always hear such a word, martyrdom. Nowadays, with the high development of science and technology, people have an advanced understanding of the natural laws of birth, old age, sickness and death.
But in ancient times, superstitious emperors always longed for immortality and tried to hold unparalleled power, so martyrdom came into being. So how long can a living person who is unfortunate enough to be sacrificed live under the bad habit of burial?
01 The appearance of the burial of the living.
The burial of the living first appeared at the end of primitive society. That is, during the period of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, it was generally after the death of the slave owner that the living person could be buried. By the time of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the princes and nobles also enjoyed the right to bury the living, and they also had strict regulations on the burial of the living.
The first is martyrdom, which is actually a way for people to be dragged into the grave after they die. At first glance, this approach seems humane, but people who have died and are buried there are actually the same. But think about it carefully, the people who are generally buried are concubines or palace maids who have no power or power, although the average life expectancy in ancient times was low, but how could the concubine and the emperor die at the same time?
Death was simply a method of putting gold on their faces, and they used coercion to hang them, behead them, or poison them, and then bury them in mausoleums. After the execution of these concubines and palace maids, in order to maintain their beauty, the people in the palace would pour mercury into their bodies. If these people don't die, then it will be very painful, and life is better than death.
There is also a common box martyrdom, in the newly unearthed tombs, some archaeologists will find some very small boxes, which contain unformed corpses. The corpses' limbs were twisted and their bones were deformed, and at first glance it was clear that they had been forcibly stuffed into boxes.
These people die the most painfully, as the saying goes, ten fingers are connected to the heart, not to mention limbs that are broken alive. When they are put into a box, they do not die immediately, but after the burial chamber is sealed, they will be suffocated in the box due to the lack of oxygen in the box.
Then there is the living burial, which, as the name suggests, is the burial of a living person in a tomb. Most of the people who were buried alive were ordinary people who built tombs, and the princes and nobles were afraid that someone would rob the tomb after death, so when the corpses were buried in the tomb, the people who participated in the construction of the tomb were gathered in a closed tomb, and then the soldiers outside buried them with soil. This group of people is often on the periphery of the entire mausoleum, and their deaths are very miserable.
02 obsession with burial.
Why are these emperors so obsessed with the burial of living people? Because these people in power believe that as long as they die, there will be enough slaves, weapons, gold and silver treasures to accompany them to the burialThen he can reign as king and hegemon in another world, and enjoy glory and wealth forever.
They are unwilling to give up the power and status they held during their lifetime, and want to continue to bring these privileges to the world after death. They wanted to possess these slaves and concubines forever and continue to live a life of being cared for, and in addition to this, this burial system was also popular among the princes and nobles. In primitive societies, this kind of bad habit can even become an object of comparison.
In their eyes, these humble people were like leeks on the ground, cutting stubble after stubble. At the same time, these people are also their personal belongings, and they don't care about the lives of the people.
Whoever accompanies the funeral ceremony is pompous, who accompanies the burial of more slaves, and who accompanies the burial of gold and silver treasures can fill the entire mausoleum, who can get the envy of other nobles, can be described as "glorious ancestors".
For the sake of this kind of glorious ancestors, the nobles praised the burial system of the living, rationalized their behavior, and even regarded this behavior as honor. They are immersed in the atmosphere they have created, a kind of ***, and they can't extricate themselves.
03 How long can a living person last.
But as we all know, people need the support of oxygen to live. Normal people may not eat or drink for three or four daysBut in the absence of oxygen, the brain dies first after a few minutes. In modern technology, brain death is still an irreversible problem. After brain death, even if the human body still keeps the heart beating, it will not help.
For the burial of living people, the space of the burial chamber and the number of people buried have a great impact on their survival time. If the number of martyrs is small and the graves are large, then their survival time may reach four or five days. But if many of the martyrs were crammed into a single burial chamber, then they would only be able to hold out for less than a day.
In addition to this, when humans breathe, they produce carbon dioxide, which is much denser than oxygen. As a result, as the mourners breathe, oxygen tends to be over the tomb, and the bottom of the tomb is full of carbon dioxide. Without the infusion of fresh air from the outside, these martyrs would soon die.
At this time, someone may have planned to open the tomb and escape, but these ideas have already been thought of by the princes and nobles. The burial chamber is full of mechanisms, and the mausoleums with living people are very elaborately designed, and it is difficult for even the designers of the mausoleum to open without the right tools. And there is a thick layer of sealed soil in the outside world, and even huge stones weighing thousands of catties block the outside of the tomb.
When the archaeological work was carried out, even with our advanced lifting equipment and all kinds of high technology, it was still difficult to excavate the tombs, let alone the unarmed people who were locked up in the tombs.
They have little chance of escaping from the mausoleum, and even if they are lucky enough to escape from the tomb, there are special military guards from the outside world. Once discovered, the wives and children of these people will be killed by the cruel nobles.
04 The death of the living burial.
Therefore, the funeral system has been under fire since its birth. This system of exterminating humanity went through the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and was gradually controlled during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States PeriodIn the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang replaced the burial of the living with terracotta figurines, and the custom of burial of the living slowly disappeared.
In the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, the burial of the living has completely disappeared in the long river of history. Unfortunately, after the fall of the Song Dynasty and the occupation of the Central Plains by the Mongol and Yuan dynasties, this cruel system of martyrdom of the living was revived again, and was once sought after by the Yuan Dynasty aristocracy.
It was precisely because of the excessive oppression of the Meng Yuan that the Yuan Dynasty only existed for less than a hundred years before it was overthrown by an army led by Zhu Yuanzhang. The burial of the living was finally canceled by the order of Zhu Qizhen of Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, and at this time, the burial of the living really disappeared in the land of China.
05 Epilogue. In the long river of history, the people are undoubtedly small, but water can carry a boat, and it can also overturn a boat. The extermination of the burial of the living shows that the people are an indispensable part of history.
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