Coronary heart disease is a serious cardiovascular diseaseMillions of people die every year from the disease. In China, the incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease are also increasing year by year. Despite advances in medical technology, prevention is always the best**. Therefore, this article will introduce you to the prevention methods of coronary heart disease to help you develop a healthy lifestyle and stay away from coronary heart disease.
1. What is coronary heart disease?
1.Coronary heart disease is a common cardiovascular diseaseThe full name is coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. It is mainly caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries causing narrowing or occlusion of the lumen, resulting in myocardial ischemia, hypoxia or necrosis.
2.Coronary heart diseaseRisk factors include high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, etc. Among them, hypertension and hyperlipidemia are one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease. Due to the presence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, vascular endothelial cells are susceptible to damage, making lipid substances such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood easy to deposit on the blood vessel wall, forming atherosclerotic plaques. As the plaque grows, the lumen of the blood vessels gradually narrows, blood flow is blocked, and the heart muscle does not get enough blood**, causing myocardial ischemia, hypoxia or necrosis.
3.Coronary heart diseaseThe main symptoms include chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, etc. Chest pain is one of the most common symptoms of coronary heart disease, usually presenting with a feeling of pressure or suffocation, and sometimes chest tightness or discomfort. Palpitations are the sensation of a fast or slow heartbeat, often accompanied by chest tightness and shortness of breath. Shortness of breath is difficulty breathing, often caused by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. Dizziness is one of the common symptoms of coronary heart disease and can be caused by myocardial ischemia or arrhythmias.
4.Coronary heart disease is a serious cardiovascular disease that can lead to serious consequences such as myocardial infarction and sudden death if left untimely**. Therefore, it is very important to prevent coronary heart disease. In addition to a healthy lifestyle, rational use of medication is also one of the important means to prevent coronary heart disease. Commonly used coronary heart disease prevention drugs include statins, aspirin, receptor antagonists, diuretics, etc.
2. Prevention of coronary heart disease: the development of a healthy lifestyle
1.Scientific Diet:Diet is one of the important factors in the prevention of coronary heart disease. The scientific diet should follow the principle of "three lows and one high", that is, low salt, low fat, low sugar and high fiber. Eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and control calorie intake to achieve the purpose of weight control and blood lipid reduction.
2.Moderate exercise:Moderate exercise can help the body burn excess fat and calories, lose weight, and lower blood lipids and blood pressure. It is recommended to do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, such as brisk walking, jogging, swimming, etc. In addition, regular strength training can also build muscle strength and endurance.
3.Weight control:Obesity is one of the important risk factors for coronary heart disease. Maintaining a healthy weight can lower blood lipids and blood pressure, reducing the burden on the heart. It is recommended to control weight through a reasonable diet and moderate exercise, and keep the BMI within the normal range.
4.Quit smoking and limit alcohol:Both smoking and drinking alcohol increase the risk of coronary heart disease. Quitting smoking can greatly reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease, and it is recommended that everyone quit smoking as soon as possible. At the same time, limiting alcohol intake can also reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. No more than two standard drinks per day for men and no more than one standard drink per day for women (each standard drink contains 14 grams of alcohol).
5.Regular check-ups and timely medical attention:Regular check-ups can detect risk factors for coronary heart disease, such as high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia, early. If there are symptoms of suspected coronary heart disease, such as chest pain, palpitations, etc., you should seek medical attention in time for early diagnosis and **.
3. The use of preventive drugs for coronary heart disease
1.Statins:Statins are a class of lipid-lowering drugs that can effectively reduce cholesterol and LDL levels in blood lipids, thereby preventing the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Commonly used statins include atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, etc.
2.Aspirin:Aspirin is an antiplatelet aggregation drug that can inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombosis, thereby preventing myocardial infarction. For people with high-risk factors, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, long-term use of aspirin is recommended for prevention.
3.Receptor antagonists:Receptor antagonists can reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, relieve angina symptoms, and can also reduce blood pressure and heart rate to prevent arrhythmias. Commonly used receptor antagonists include propranolol, metoprolol, etc.
4.Diuretics:Diuretics can reduce the burden on the heart, relieve the symptoms of heart failure, and can also reduce blood pressure and blood lipid levels to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Commonly used diuretics include hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, etc.
5.ACE inhibitors and ARBs:ACE inhibitors and ARBs can dilate blood vessels, lower blood pressure and heart rate, protect heart function, and reduce the risk of myocardial infarction. Commonly used ACE inhibitors include captopril, enalapril, etc., and commonly used ARB drugs include valsartan, losartan, etc.
Peng Rencong, Wuming Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University.