On July 12, 1933, the Soviet expedition ship "Chelyuskin" set off from Leningrad to the North Pole, and on August 13, it was trapped in an ice floe in distress. After floating with the ice for five months, on February 12, 1934, the ship was finally crushed by the ice floes, although the people on board abandoned the ship in time, and only one of the 104 scientific research personnel and crew members failed to evacuate and died, but more than 100 people were trapped on the ice at minus 40 degrees, and they were in danger. 
The Soviet Union, the expedition ship "Cheryuskin", which was trapped in the ice floe, could only use the last resort and send planes to the rescue when it could not send a sled to rescue. Going down to the ice in a bad climate to save people is a life-and-death mission for pilots. However, the Soviet pilots showed their fearless heroism, and after two months of life-and-death rescue, by April 12, all the trapped people were rescued. The successful rescue of the trapped personnel of the "Cheryuskin" by the Soviet Union caused a sensation in the world, thanks to the heroic pilots of the Soviet Union who were not afraid of life and death, without whom this successful rescue would not have been possible. Therefore, on the third day after the successful rescue, Stalin and other party and state leaders proposed to the Executive Committee of the Soviet Union ** to create the honorary title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" in recognition of the pilots who risked their lives to complete the rescue work. On April 16, the Executive Committee of the Soviet Union officially adopted a resolution establishing the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" to recognize individuals and collectives who have performed heroic feats for the country. 
Gold Star Medal On April 20, 1934, 7 Soviet pilots who distinguished themselves during the rescue operation "Cheryuskin" were awarded the title "Heroes of the Soviet Union", and they were the first to receive this title. They were: Anatoly Vasilyevich Lipyevsky (later awarded the 1st Golden Star), Sigzmond Alexandrovich Levanevsky (later awarded the 4th Golden Star), Vasily Sergeevich Molokov, Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin (later awarded the 2nd Golden Star), Mavriki Trofimovich Lepnev, Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopiyanov and Ivan Vasilyevich. Doronin (later awarded the Gold Star Medal No. 7). The original recipients of the Hero of the Soviet Union had only one certificate signed by the Executive Committee of the USSR **, and there were no special orders or medals. Since those who receive the Hero of the Soviet Union are usually awarded the Order of Lenin at the same time, on July 29, 1936, the Executive Committee of the USSR ** amended the regulations to legally establish that the recipient of the Hero of the Soviet Union can receive another Order of Lenin at the same time. On October 16, 1939, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a decree establishing a special "Golden Star Medal" for awarding the recipients of the title "Hero of the Soviet Union". At the same time, it was stipulated that the two-time Hero of the Soviet Union would have their busts erected in their hometowns, and for those who had been awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union three times, their busts would be erected in the proposed Soviet Palace, which was not built, so the three-time Hero of the Soviet Union was finally placed in the Kremlin. The Gold Star Medal is a five-pointed star made of pure gold, with the inscription "Hero of the Soviet Union" engraved on the back, and the ribbon is a red corrugated silk ribbon, with a five-pointed star with a diameter of 30 mm and a weight of 215 grams. The foil is heavy 12The 186-gram sterling silver bracket is lined with red silk cloth in the middle, symbolizing the red flag, and the entire medal weighs 34264 grams. 
The obverse and reverse of the Golden Star Medal are awarded to individuals and groups who have performed heroic feats in the service of the Soviet state and society in accordance with the final revised regulations on the awarding of Heroes of the Soviet Union. The act of conferring or depriving the title of Hero of the Soviet Union can only be decided by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Recipients of the Hero of the Soviet Union receive the Order of Lenin, the highest rank of the Order of Honor of the Soviet Union, a special designation, the Golden Star Medal, and a certificate signed by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (originally the Executive Committee of the USSR). (Judging by this provision, there is nothing wrong with saying that the Order of Lenin is the highest order of honor of the Soviet Union.) According to the regulations, the medal of the Golden Star should be worn on the left chest, above all Soviet orders and medals. During the entire period of the Soviet Union, a total of 12,862 people were awarded the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union", of which 72 were eventually stripped of the title and 13 were revoked for lack of basis, so that the number of people who actually received the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" was 12,777, of whom 95 were women and 40 were foreigners. The vast majority of the titles of Hero of the Soviet Union were awarded in the Great Patriotic War, a total of 11,657 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the war, of which 3,051 were posthumously awarded after their sacrifices. The two youngest heroes are only 14 years old, and both of them were posthumously awarded after their deaths, but unfortunately I couldn't find their names. Ninety women were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the war, 49 of whom were posthumously awarded, including the world-famous Zoya. In addition, 13 foreigners in World War II were also awarded "Heroes of the Soviet Union". Two people have been awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union four times, one is the well-deserved Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov; The other is Medal Lover Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, whose medals were awarded by himself during his reign, and he was supposed to receive the fifth Golden Star Medal to monopolize the first place, but unfortunately died the following year after he received the 4th title of Hero of the Soviet Union on his 75th birthday on December 19, 1981, but fortunately his Gold Star Medal was not taken away after his death, like the Order of Victory. 
Zhukov generally wore only his Gold Star Medal and the Order of Victory three times to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union three times, one of the first five marshals, Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny, the ace pilot who shot down 62 enemy aircraft, Marshal of the Aviation Ivan Nikitovich Kozhdub, the ace pilot of the Aviation Army, Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin, the ace pilot who shot down 46 enemy aircraft. Air Force Major Gulaev, who would have had the opportunity to become a three-time Hero of the Soviet Union, gathered in a Moscow hotel the night before the award**, which led to the cancellation of the order to award the award. A total of 154 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union twice, of which 9 were posthumously awarded. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was also used to bestow on cities, and a total of 13 cities received the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union": Sevastopol, Stalingrad, Kiev, Tula, Kerch, Moscow, Brest Fortress, Leningrad, Odessa, Novorossiysk, Minsk, Murmansk, Smolensk. Among them, the coats of arms of five cities, Sevastopol, Stalingrad, Kiev, Tula and Kerch, have the image of the Golden Star Medal. On December 24, 1991, Warrant Officer Leonred Sorodkov was awarded the title of Soviet Union, and two days later, the House of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR declared the Soviet Union to cease to exist, making him the last Hero of the Soviet Union in Soviet history. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, etc., all established their own heroic titles.