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The content is excerpted from "Nongxiao Bee: 2023 China Citrus Production and Cost and Benefit Data Analysis Report", the original text is about 19,000+ words, including 22 charts.
Key takeaways1.From the perspective of production scale and distribution of production areas, in 2022, the area of citrus orchards in China will be 4550310,000 mu exceeded 45 million mu for the first time, and the output was also 6003890,000 tonnes exceeded 60 million tonnes for the first time – in 2022 the national orchard area (19,51430,000 acres, about 19.5 billion mu) and fruit production (31296240,000 tons, about 31.3 billion tons). 18%, which is the relatively largest fruit production scale in China. Among the 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in the country, there are 12 provinces such as "Guangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Hubei" that carry out large-scale citrus production all year round, among which "Guangxi" has the largest production scale, accounting for more than 30% of the country in 2022.
2.From the perspective of the national average cost and income, the categories of "orange" and "orange" included in the statistics and public announcement scope of the National Development and Reform Commission's "National Agricultural Product Cost and Benefit Data Compilation" are all "orange" and "orange" per mu of "total output value, total cost, production cost, material and service costs, and labor cost".The average "main product yield, land cost, net profit, and cost profit margin" per mu is "citrus" and orange as a whole. Among them, the national average level of the above indicators of "orange" will show a significant downward trend year-on-year in 2022, while "orange" will show a significant growth trend.
3.From the perspective of the cost and benefit of the main producing areas "Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Zhejiang" included in the statistics and external announcement scope of the National Development and Reform Commission's ** Division, the average "main product average" and the average "output value, land cost, net profit, and cost profit margin" per mu of "Guangdong" orange are relatively high, and the average "main product output, output value, net profit, and cost profit margin" per mu of orange is also relatively high - ranking among the top 3 in the country all year round.
ForewordCitrus (Citrus reticulata blanco) is a plant of the family Rutaceae and citrus, which is a labor- and technology-intensive agricultural product, with significant market competitive advantages, large increase in domestic and foreign demand, and large development space. It is the world's largest category of fruits and the third largest agricultural product, and occupies a very important position in international agricultural products. Citrus is produced in more than 140 countries and regions around the world, mainly in warm and humid regions south of northern latitudes.
China is one of the origin centers of citrus and one of the most important cultivation countries, with rich citrus germplasm resources and a cultivation history of more than 4,000 years. There are important cultivation types such as sweet orange, pomelo, citrus, orange, grapefruit, lemon, etc., which have high nutritional value and remarkable medicinal health care functions, and are well received by the domestic and foreign fruit markets. In recent years, China's citrus fruit has developed rapidly, the cultivation area, production and per capita consumption have been increasing, and some citrus fruit industrialization production bases have been formed, and there is a good foundation for accelerating development, and the export scale has also increased significantly, but some products are still in short supply. At the same time, there are also problems such as variety degradation, quality decline, unreasonable variety and maturity, excessive concentration of listing, excessive market pressure, and low degree of industrialization.
Based on the data of citrus orchard area, citrus yield and cost and benefit accumulated by Nongxiao bee in the operation process, this paper analyzes the development trend, production distribution and cost and benefit of the citrus industry in China, so as to provide reference for the main body and social service organizations engaged in the upstream and downstream activities of the citrus industry chain such as scientific research, breeding, planting, processing, warehousing, packaging, preservation, transportation and sales.
Special Instructions:
The geographical scope of the analysis data in this paper is 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics in China, excluding Taiwan Province, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.
The cost-benefit related data are mainly in the "National Agricultural Product Cost and Income Data Compilation" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, and the "National Agricultural Product Cost and Income Data Compilation" includes the concise data of China's citrus and orange production costs and benefits - citrus and tangerines are woody plants of the same family and genus but different species in plant taxonomy, and citrus and tangerine are often collectively referred to as "citrus". From a scientific point of view, orange is the basic species, with small flowers, easy peel, and dark green seeds, which are mostly used for fresh foodCitrus is a hybrid of orange and sweet orange and other citrus, the flower is large, the fruit is not as easy to peel as orange, the embryo of the seed is light green, used for fresh food and often used in beverage processing such as juice.
1.Scale of production1.1.status
According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, China's fruit production is dominated by five types of garden fruits such as "citrus, apples, pears, grapes and bananas" and three types of bulk melons and fruits of "watermelon, melon and strawberry". From 1978 to 2017, China's citrus output remained above apples for three consecutive years from 1989 to 1991In 2018, China's citrus production once again overtook apples to become the most produced fruit in China, and it continues to this day.
Figure 1: Comparison of citrus and apple production trends in China from 1978 to 2022.
Data**: National Bureau of Statistics Mapping: Nong Xiao Bee abee datacom）
In 2022, China's citrus production has increased to 6003890,000 tons, in 2022 the national fruit production (31,296240,000 tons, about 31.3 billion tons).18% - compared to the proportion of apple production (15.2%) is 398 percentage points.
Figure 2: China's fruit production structure in 2022.
Data**: National Bureau of Statistics Mapping: Nong Xiao Bee abee datacom）
1.2.Trend
According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, since 1978, affected by comprehensive factors such as demand fluctuations, industrial structure adjustment, and data revision after the agricultural census, the area of citrus orchards in China has mainly decreased year-on-year in "1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, and 2014", with a decline of 057%~3.16%, the rest of the years as a whole showed an overall growth trend, 2015 has been 8 consecutive years of increase;Citrus production mainly decreased year-on-year in "1988, 1992, 1998, 2000 and 2016", with a decrease of 072%~20.59%, the rest of the years as a whole showed an overall growth trend, and since 2017, it has increased for 6 consecutive years.
Figure 3: Trends in citrus orchard area and citrus yield in China from 1978 to 2022.
Data**: National Bureau of Statistics Mapping: Nong Xiao Bee abee datacom）
The area of citrus orchards and the peak citrus production in 2022 are 4550310,000 acres with 6003890,000 tons, with the area of citrus orchards in 2017 (3,658530,000 acres) and citrus production (3816780,000 tons) compared with the increase in the area of citrus orchards in the past five years780,000 mu, an increase of about 2438%, with an average annual compound growth rate of about 446%, and the increase in citrus production was 2187110,000 tons, an increase of about 573%, with an average annual compound growth rate of about 948% - Thanks to the development of science and technology and the improvement of yield, the overall growth rate of output is faster than the growth rate of area.
2.Production distributionAccording to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, among the 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in the country, in addition to the "Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing Municipality, Jilin Province, Tianjin Municipality, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Shandong Province, Shanxi Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hebei Province, Liaoning Province, Qinghai Province, Heilongjiang Province" 12 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), the remaining 19 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) are involved in large-scale citrus production, and the whole is concentrated in the south of the Yangtze River.
Figure 4: China's citrus "production" in 2022 by province.
Data**: National Bureau of Statistics Mapping: Nong Xiao Bee abee datacom）
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is the largest production area, with an output of 1808 in 2022040,000 tons, accounting for about 30 percent in the country11%；Hunan Province with 639320,000 tons ranked second, accounting for about 10 percent in the country65%；Sichuan Province with 563210,000 tons ranked third in the country, accounting for about 9 percent in the country38%；Guangdong Province with 554610,000 tons ranked fourth in the country, accounting for about 9 in the country24%；Hubei Province with 537840,000 tons ranked 5th in the country, accounting for about 8 percent in the country96%；The remaining 14 producing areas, including "Jiangxi Province, Fujian Province, Gansu Province, and ** Autonomous Region", will produce less than 5 million tons of citrus in 2022, accounting for 0 percent of the national citrus production in 2022001%~7.66% ranged.
3.Production value analysisThe "Compilation of National Agricultural Product Cost and Income Data" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) explains "output value" as the sum of the income that producers may receive from the main products through various channels and the income that may be obtained by the retained main products. The part sold is calculated based on the actual income. The rent or barter in kind is regarded as **, and the income is calculated according to the amount of discount or the market ** of the goods exchanged. The value of retained products (including those for self-consumption, for sale, and for others) is calculated according to the comprehensive average of the products and the number of retained products, but if the survey period has not yet started or has not been large-scale, it should be calculated according to the local expectation after the product is marketed in large quantities. It is calculated as follows: Gross output value = Main product output value + By-product output value = Cash cost + Cash earnings.
In 2022, the average "gross output value" per mu of citrus in the country is 503512 yuan, compared with 5801 in 202148 yuan, down 76636 yuan, a decrease of about 1321%。Among them, the average "main product output value" per mu of citrus is 500183 yuan, accounting for about 9934%, compared with 5770 in 202115 yuan dropped by 76832 yuan, a decrease of about 1332%；The average "by-product output value" per mu of citrus is 3329 yuan, accounting for about 066%, compared to 31. in 202133 yuan increased by 196 yuan, an increase of about 626%；Combined with the first situation, the "main product output value" per mu of citrus is 342405 yuan, accounting for about 68% of the average "gross output value" per mu of citrus, compared with 4413 in 202103 yuan dropped by 98898 yuan, a decrease of about 2241%
Figure 5: Comparison of China's average output value structure of "mandarin" and "tangerine" per mu in 2021 and 2022.
Data**: Compilation of National Agricultural Product Cost and Benefit Data Drawing: Agricultural Bee Abeedatacom）
The average "gross output value" per mu of oranges in the country in 2022 is 587611 yuan, compared with 4982 in 202169 yuan, an increase of 89342 yuan, an increase of about 1793%, compared with the average "gross output value" per mu of citrus in the country in 2022 (503512 yuan) is 84099 yuan;Among them, the average "main product output value" per mu of oranges is 587513 yuan, accounting for about 9998%, compared with the average "main product output value" per mu of citrus in the country in 2022 (500183 yuan) is higher than 8733 yuan, compared with the average "main product output value" per mu of oranges in the country in 2021 (4981.).69 yuan, an increase of 89344 yuan, an increase of about 1793%；The average "by-product output value" per mu of oranges is 098 yuan, accounting for about 002%, and the average "by-product output value" per mu of citrus in the country in 2022 (33.).29 yuan) a difference of 3231 yuan, compared with the average "by-product output value" (1 yuan) per mu of oranges in the country in 2021, a decrease of 002 yuan, a decrease of about 002%；Combined with the first situation, the "main product output value" per mu of orange is 585695 yuan, accounting for about 99 in the "total output value".67%, compared with the average "main product output value" per mu of citrus in 2022 (342405 yuan) is higher than 24329 yuan, compared with the average "main product output value" per mu of oranges in the country in 2021 (4945.).22 yuan) increased by 91173 yuan.
4.Cost analysisThe "National Compilation of Agricultural Product Cost and Benefit Data" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) explains the total cost as referring to the cost of all resources such as cash, in-kind, labor and land consumed in the production process.
It is calculated as follows:
Total cost per mu = production cost per mu + land cost per mu.
Material and service costs per mu + labor costs per mu) + (rent per mu of circulating land + self-camp rent per mu).
Rent per mu of circulating land + discount rent per mu of self-camp).
Rent per mu of circulating land + discount rent per mu of self-camp).
According to the data of the National Agricultural Product Cost and Income Data Compilation released by the National Development and Reform Commission, the average "total cost" of "oranges" per mu in China is greater than the "total cost" of "oranges" all year round. From the perspective of cost structure, the average "total cost" of "mandarin" and "orange" per mu in China is expressed as "production cost" and "land cost", among which, the "production cost" of "mandarin" is the overall performance of "labor cost" and material and service cost - orange is the oppositeThe "land cost" of "mandarin" and "orange" is generally expressed as "self-camp rent" and "transfer land rent";On the whole, the "total cost" of "mandarin" is expressed as "labor cost", "material and service cost", "self-camp rent", "transfer land rent";The overall "total cost" of "orange" is expressed as "material and service costs", "labor costs", "self-camp discounted rent", and "circulating land rent".
In 2022, the average "total cost" per mu of citrus in China was 2,9246 yuan, compared with 2982 in 202153 yuan is down 5793 yuan, a decrease of about 194%。Of these, the "cost of production" is 258013 yuan, accounting for about 8822% - compared with the "cost of production" in 2021 (262066 yuan) decreased by 4053 yuan, a decrease of about 155%, compared to 87 in 202187% increased by 035 percentage points;The "cost of land" is 34447 yuan, accounting for about 1178% - compared with the "cost of land" in 2021 (36187 yuan) down 174 yuan, a decrease of about 481%, compared with 12. in 202113% less 035 percentage points;
In terms of further breakdown indicators, in 2022, the average "labor cost" per mu of citrus in China will be 13347 yuan, accounting for about 45 in the "total cost".64%, accounting for about 51 percent of the "production cost".73% - compared with the "labor cost" in 2021 (1439.).38 yuan) down 10468 yuan, a decrease of about 727%, compared with the proportion of "labor cost" in "total cost" in 2021 (4826%), a decrease of 262 percentage points, compared with the proportion of "labor cost" in "production cost" in 2021 (5492%), a decrease of 319 percentage points.
Figure 6: Comparison of the average cost structure of "mandarin" and "tangerine" per mu in China in 2021 and 2022.
Data**: Compilation of National Agricultural Product Cost and Benefit Data Drawing: Agricultural Bee Abeedatacom）
In 2022, the average "total cost" of oranges per mu in China was 5,03139 yuan, compared with the average "total cost" of oranges per mu in China in 2021 (4289.).25 yuan) increased by 74214 yuan, an increase of about 173%, compared with the average "total cost" per mu of citrus in China in 2022 (29246 yuan) is 210679 yuan (about 1.)72 times). Of these, the "cost of production" is 476953 yuan, accounting for about 948% - compared with the average "production cost" per mu of oranges in China in 2021 (4034.).58 yuan) increased by 73495 yuan, an increase of about 1822%, compared with the average "production cost" per mu of oranges in China in 2021 (9406%), an increase of 074 percentage points, compared with the average "production cost" per mu of citrus in China in 2022 (258013 yuan) higher than 21894 yuan (about 1.)85 times);The "cost of land" is 26186 yuan, accounting for about 52% - compared with the average "land cost" per mu of oranges in China in 2021 (25467 yuan) increased by 719 yuan, an increase of about 282%, which is the same as the average "land cost" per mu of citrus in China in 2022 (34447 yuan) difference of 89$8.
In 2022, China's average "material and service costs" per mu of oranges will be 2,91812 yuan, accounting for about 58% of the "total cost" and about 61% of the "production cost".18% - compared with the average "material and service costs" per mu of oranges in China in 2021 (228162 yuan) increased by 6365 yuan, an increase of about 279%；Compared with the average "material and service costs" per mu of oranges in China in 2021, the proportion of "total costs" in "total costs" (5319%), an increase of 481 percentage points;Compared with the average "material and service costs" per mu of oranges in China in 2021, the proportion of "production costs" in "production costs" (5655%), an increase of 463 percentage points;Compared with the average "material and service costs" per mu of citrus in China in 2022 (124543 yuan) higher than 167269 yuan (about 2.)34 times).
5.Net profit vs. cost marginThe "National Compilation of Agricultural Product Cost and Income Data" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) explains "net profit" as follows: refers to the balance of the output value of the product minus the cost of all production factors such as cash, in-kind, labor and land invested in the production process, reflecting the net return of all resources consumed in production. It is calculated as follows: Net Profit = Total Output Value - Total Cost.
The "cost-to-profit margin" is defined as the net rate of return on all resources consumed in the production of a product. It is calculated as follows: Cost Profit Ratio = Net Profit Total Cost 100%.
In 2022, the average "net profit" per mu of citrus in the country will be 211052 yuan, compared with 2818 in 202195 yuan is down 70843 yuan, a decrease of about 2513%；The "cost-to-profit margin" was 7216%, compared to 94 in 202152% down 2236%。
The national average "net profit" per mu of oranges in 2022 is 84472 yuan, compared with 693 in 202144 yuan, an increase of 15128 yuan, an increase of about 2182%, a difference of 1265 from the national average "net profit" per mu of citrus in 2022$8. The "cost-to-profit margin" is only 1679%, compared to 16. in 202117% increased by 062%, a difference of 55 from the average "cost profit margin" per mu of citrus in the country in 202237%。
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