Analysis of the advantages of "Beihua No. 1" honeysuckle.
"Beihua No. 1" honeysuckle is one of the rare excellent varieties with strong adaptability, wide promotion and high economic benefits, and the main characteristics of this variety are: full flower buds, huge, high yield and good qualityThe flower buds are mainly concentrated in the middle and upper part of the stump, and the flower buds are large and concentrated and exposed, and they are born in the axillary leaves and the tops of the branchesThe bud period is long, the flower bud period of traditional varieties is only maintained for 2-3 days, but "Beihua No. 1" can be maintained for about 10-15 days, which prolongs the picking period, and can be picked twice in each stubble flower season, and the picking rate is increased by 3-4 timesThe trunk is erect, the internodes are short, and the leaves are drooping, which is easy to cultivate into a trunk type, which provides a reasonable tree shape for mechanized pickingRecognized by the national statutory drug testing agency, the content of chlorogenic acid, the active ingredient of "Beihua No. 1" honeysuckle, can reach 32%, and the content of xylorhino glyphate reaches 0096%, which is higher than the traditional large hairy flower. 8%, to meet the basic standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for honeysuckle.
Beihua No. 1 "honeysuckle cultivation technology."
Part 1 Requirements for land selection and land preparation.
Beihua No. 1 "honeysuckle adaptability is strong, the soil, climate and other factors are low, is a shade-tolerant, drought-tolerant, cold-resistant, barren plant, hillside, flatland, dry land, water, acidic, alkaline soil can grow normally, as a cash crop, in the warm and moist, sunny, fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil is the most suitable for its growth, in Linxia, can be used as a cash crop, characteristic industry large-scale promotion of planting, can also be used as ecological greening crops to decorate the city.
Before winter, the land is deeply turned, exposed to the sun, disinfected and filled with winter water, sown in time in the spring of the next year, in order to maintain excessive loss of soil moisture, prevention and control of weeds continue to flood, it is best to ridge and mulch sowing, north-south direction is appropriate, the application of base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, about 5000kg of rotting organic fertilizer per mu, about 200kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium fertilizer per mu.
Part 2 Seedling planting standards.
In the beginning of spring 3-4 months is the best seedling planting time for honeysuckle, dig a hole of about 20cm in length, width and depth, put the annual seedlings into it, cover the soil compacted, water enough water, the soil is ridge-shaped, in order to prevent the seedlings from losing water due to transpiration and death, most of the leaves and branches at the base can be cut off. In arid areas, in order to improve the survival rate of seedlings, ridge mulching and sowing can be carried out to increase water retention and heat preservation, which is conducive to safe winter.
Part 3 Cultivation method.
The planting methods of honeysuckle are mainly concentrated in four ways: "pole type", "trunk type", "fence type" and "nest type". In Linxia, "pole type" and "fence type" are more commonly accepted and widely promoted, and the "pole type" tree planting is technically less difficult, more convenient in technical management, and easy to operate. The row spacing between the plants is maintained at 1 m 15 m, 444 plants per mu, and the height of each plant is about 1In order to support the vines, the seedlings can be placed on the pole with a rope or cloth belt, which is easy to pick and manage.
"Trunk type" belongs to a single plant, if it is a plain waterland, the plant spacing between rows is 1 m 15 m is appropriate, and there are 444 plants per mu, and the row spacing of the hillside and hilly plants is slightly smaller, 05 m×1.5 m can be, 888 plants per mu is appropriate, this planting method is ventilated and breathable, conducive to operation, but in the future management, special attention should be paid to pruning technology, usually using 3-4 layers of branch retention method for pruning, and finally cultivated into a tower-shaped tree structure.
"Fence planting" is to plant a 2m high cement column every 8m between the rows, pull a wire rope at about 70cm and 130 places on the ground of the cement column, and fix the seedlings ** at the wire rope, and the plant spacing is 05m×1.5m, single planting, 888 plants per mu. This method is most suitable for watering in plains, and the seedlings grow in three dimensions, with sufficient space, which is conducive to picking, pruning and daily management.
Part 4 Mode of reproduction.
Seed propagation. Choose fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil, deep turning, watering, soil moisture is suitable, ridge sowing, in Linxia Prefecture, spring sowing is the most suitable, generally sowing in April in spring, before sowing the seeds and treatment, such as: put in warm water soaked for 24 hours and then with wet fine river sand germination treatment for 2 days, row spacing 20-25cm ditch shallow sowing, seeds evenly sprinkled in the ditch, covered with 1-2cm thick organic matter fine soil, do shading treatment, during 2-3 days spray water 1 time, about 10 days to emerge, with seeds 1-15kg mu, 3-40,000 seedlings, transplanted and cultivated in the spring of the second year.
Propagation by cuttings. There are many ways of asexual propagation of honeysuckle, such as: striping, cuttings, ramification, etc., among which cuttings propagation is simple and easy to operate, high survival rate, production is widely used, theoretically honeysuckle can be propagated by cuttings during the growth period, especially in spring and autumn.
One is called semi-tender shoot cuttings, first of all, the seedbed is systematically sterilized and insecticidal, and the nursery can be diluted 500 times with 50% carbendazim and 500 times phosphine. Select annual branches as cuttings, cut into 10-15cm cuttings, in order to improve the survival rate, the cuttings are placed in the rooting powder soaking solution for 1-2 hours, inserted in the seedbed, the plant row spacing is 150 150cm, 3-5 cuttings per hole, water thoroughly after stepping on the compact, the room temperature should be maintained at 18-30, and the relative humidity is 60%-80% , watering every 3 days, ventilation for 2-3 hours at noon, after 8-10 days of refining seedlings, 4-5 days to stop watering, adventitious roots grow to 3-5 when transplanted to the field.
Another is called the old branch cuttings method, the old branch cuttings are generally carried out in the summer and autumn rainy days, choose 1-2 year-old branches without diseases and insects, stump branches, vigorous growth, and strong branches, cut into 30-35cm upper and lower oblique cuttings, leave 1-2 upper leaves, 50 roots into a bundle, and place them in 300ppm rooting agent solution for 2-3 hours after cuttings. In the seedbed to open a depth of 20cm, row spacing 30cm ditch, with a plant spacing of 5-10cm, 1 3 exposed to the ground, 2 3 buried in the ground, compacted cuttings, timely watering. In order to improve the survival rate, build a small arch shed to do shade and moisturizing treatment, spray water once in the morning and evening, and wait for the cuttings to take root and survive to remove the shade net, water 2 times in a month to dilute the compound fertilizer to help the seedlings grow, about 6 months later can be transplanted to the field.
Other methods of reproduction.
In production, there are also propagation methods such as strip pressing, grafting, and tissue culture. Among them, strip propagation does not require picking a large number of vine branches, which does not damage the mother plant and does not cause yield loss. The operation measure is to bury the vine branches after the annual wound into the soil in situ, cover the soil, fix, compact and compact, and the advantages of vigorous growth, high survival rate, more flowering, and no seasonal restrictions are widely used. Its advantages are: due to the excellent characteristics of the rootstock in grafting propagation, the genetic traits of scion can continue to maintain the excellent traits of the mother plant;Its rootstock root system is developed, the nutrients are sufficient, the scion develops rapidly after survival, and can bloom earlier than the seedlingsExpand the reproductive coefficient, overcome the non-reproductive defects, remedy the wound, restore the tree vigor, renew the varieties and other advantages.
Part 5 Management Technology.
In order to ensure the initial yield, it should be reasonably densely planted, seedling stage and time seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, the initial plant row spacing of 1 meter 1 meter, and the later stage should be reduced according to the specific situation. Strong seedlings with thick stems, short internodes, and more than 50cm should be selected for seedling. During the timely cultivation and weeding, irrigation and drainage, strengthen the base fertilizer topdressing and plastic pruning, weeding should follow the principle of "early, small, except", after surviving 3-4 times a year in weeding, planting more than 3 years can reduce the number of weeding, in early spring and late autumn every year, in order to maintain ground temperature and soil moisture, promote the development of root system, side branch germination.
For annual young trees, it is the vegetative growth period, mainly based on base fertilizer, appropriate top dressing, base fertilizer is concentrated in early spring, mainly organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is applied as appropriate, so as not to affect the formation of flower buds, along the ditch or with the plant as the center of the annular ditch, 40cm 50cm ditch deep ditch width as the standard, the fully decomposed organic fertilizer will be applied to 1000-2000kg mu, and the foliar spray of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the pregnancy bud period will promote the differentiation of flower buds. Flower buds dry matter accumulation, more than 5 years old adult trees should be applied 5000g of organic fertilizer, 50-100g of ammonium sulfate, 150-200g of superphosphate per mu after full mixing, applied into the ditch and covered with soil, after each stubble of flowers, foliar spraying urea, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and so on to increase the number of flower picking. Top dressing can be done 3-4 times a year, and sufficient basal fertilizer should be applied before winter. According to statistics, more organic fertilizer can not only improve the soil structure, but also greatly improve the yield and quality of flowers, only the application of organic fertilizer yield can increase about 202 times, honeysuckle is mainly fertilized by roots during the whole growth period, but in the vigorous growth stage of new branches and flower bud differentiation stage, root fertilization affects the regrowth of roots, and the absorption and utilization rate of fertilizer is low, usually foliar spraying, and the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients in honeysuckle leaves is high. Studies have shown that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer can significantly increase the length of honeysuckle branches, relatively speaking, the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is not obvious, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and compound fertilizer on honeysuckle plant promotion and flower bud differentiation sequence is approximately: nitrogen fertilizer, compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, in which phosphate fertilizer can greatly improve the accumulation of active ingredients such as chlorogenic acid, and nitrogen fertilizer will reduce the content of chlorogenic acid, so in production, more phosphorus fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied.
Plastic pruning techniques.
Honeysuckle likes ventilation and light, warm and dry environment, the flowering branches are no longer pregnant buds to bloom, only new branches can give birth to flower buds, reasonable pruning can increase the yield by 30%-40%, if not pruned for a long time, the branches are densely entangled, and pests and diseases are prone to occur.
Juvenile pruning: 1-4 years for the juvenile period, pruning is mainly reflected in the shaping and stereotyping, 1-2 years of plant height should be controlled at 15-20cm, the main trunk can be retained 4-5 branches, the rest of the branches are about 15cm, after 2-3 years of pruning, the trunk height should be controlled at about 30-4-cm, the plant shape is dwarf shrub-like, and the flower mound is upright umbrella-shaped. Before winter or in spring, prune off diseased, thin, withered, old, weak and downward-growing dense branches, and prune should be based on the fundamental purpose of sending more new branches, improving light energy utilization, flowering more, and increasing the yield per plant.
Pruning in full flowering and senescence period: The flowering period of honeysuckle is generally 4-20 years, and the pruning pays attention to "four leaves and four cuts", leaving thick buds, full buds, back branches, back buds, ;Prune the weak branches, thin shoots, down branches, down buds, and erase the basal shoots;Weak branches and dense branches are pruned heavily, and 2-year-old branches and strong branches are lightly pruned. In the senescence period, the principle of not pruning strong branches and re-pruning dead branches, diseased branches and weak branches should be adopted.