In November 2023, a piece of news exploded on the InternetAt that time, someone was fishing on the edge of the Yangtze River, and it was at this time that he met the famous "Yangtze River Street Runner", and this "Street Runner" kept spitting on him.
Many people can't bear this kind of street slickerBut in the face of this particular "street runner". A lot of people are helplessNetizens have commented that if you go down and spray with "him", if "he" is gone. You'll get a new identityEven if our national treasure giant panda fights with "him", it will be locked up for at least three years.
He "is a national first-class protected animal, the finless porpoise." The finless porpoise is also known as the giant panda in the water, a living fossil of the Yangtze River. Why does it have such a reputation and become a national treasure?
The finless porpoise, literally understood as the dolphin that lives in the river,Although the finless porpoise is called "finless porpoise", most of them live in salty water, except for the Yangtze finless porpoise, which is unique to our country, other finless porpoises are marine creatures.
The finless porpoise is a mammal of the porpoise family, and it has some other names, such as **, river pig, sea monk, etc. The Yangtze finless porpoise is the "alien" of the finless porpoise, the only freshwater subspecies, and it is also unique to the Yangtze River.
The most important feature of the finless porpoise is that it always keeps smilingThe porpoise's mouth is always slightly raised, giving people the feeling that a fat man is smiling at you, which makes it look approachable, which is why it is called "the smile of the Yangtze River".
The finless porpoise has the same introverted personality as cetaceans, and it is not easy to see it at all. But finless porpoises in different places will also have different personalitiesIn some places, the porpoise swims with boats, and most are very afraid of boats.
China's Yangtze finless porpoise has existed on the earth for more than 20 million years, but it only exists in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze RiverThe finless porpoise is a solitary creature, but it also exists in small groups, with the largest recorded to date being more than eighty individuals.
The finless porpoise's diet ranges from a wide range of food, and it eats not only fish, but also shrimp and cephalopods。The finless porpoise usually emits two kinds of sound signals, one is a high-frequency signal that is mainly emitted during predation, and the other is a low-frequency signal。Because of the different signal frequencies, the call of the finless porpoise sounds like a sheep's call to humans, and sometimes it also resembles a bird's song.
Finless porpoises often frolic together and are highly adaptable to the range of water temperatures. The finless porpoise has a lively temperament and often jumps up and down in the water, performing a variety of difficult maneuvers.
Finless porpoises like to follow behind a large boat and watch the waves rise and fall when a large boat passes by. The finless porpoise also likes to spit water, and when the finless porpoise spits water, it will put its head out of the water and spit water while swimming, reaching a distance of sixty or seventy centimeters at its farthest.
The breeding season of finless porpoises is day and night, from the beginning to the end of the male and female finless porpoises takes only a maximum of one hour, and they can do it more than ten times a day. They start out just chasing each other, and then slowly move into the escort period, at which point they will touch each other with their bodies and even kiss each other.
Until both animals start to come into heat, the male will insert his own *** into the female's body,It only takes two minutes for them to mate, and they slowly separate at the end.
It takes 11 months for finless porpoises to gestation, and their breeding season is generally in late spring. When the female finless porpoise is about to give birth, their breathing rate increases and their food intake decreases. They will often stop at the surface of the water while swimming, and will shake from side to side as if they are out of balance.
At the time of childbirth,Females swim for a few minutes, then roll, swim again, and finally defend against repeated cycles. Every time they come to a stop, the cubs come out a little, but if they are tight, they retract and after many cycles, the last time the female will force the cubs to give birth.
When the cubs come out, the female finless porpoise will throw the cubs out of the water and pull off the umbilical cord, allowing the cubs to rush out of the water to breathe airIt takes about 3 hours for a finless porpoise to give birth.
After birth, the baby finless porpoise sticks to its mother's back and swims with the female. It takes six to fifteen months for baby finless porpoises to be weaned. When the cubs are older, the female finless porpoise will continue to swim with her fins or tail supporting the cub's body. The lactation behavior of the female finless porpoise to the young usually lasts about 8 minutes.
Although sometimes males are involved in the upbringing of their cubs, they will always become more affectionate to femalesThis is also because the female finless porpoise is born with a high maternal nature, and if it is not caught by the child, the female finless porpoise will not give up the child.
When it comes to finless porpoises, there is no need to mention its "relative", the white-sided dolphin. Like the finless porpoise, the white-sided dolphin belongs to the Yangtze River, although the white-sided dolphin only entered the Yangtze River basin 20 million years ago.
The white-sided dolphin is a creature older than the finless porpoise and is a real "living fossil".However, such "living fossils" have gradually lost their living areas due to human influences, and people's activities in the Yangtze River have caused them to disappear the biggest reason.
Many of the white-sided dolphin specimens collected by humans are caused by human factors. In 1990, China's white-sided dolphin in the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake area was extinct. Their range of activities in the Yangtze River has also been greatly reduced.
In 2004, a stranded white-sided dolphin was found on the Yangtze River, which was the last time a white-sided dolphin was found. In 2006, after repeated searches by scientific scientists, it was finally confirmed that the white-sided dolphin in the Yangtze River had become extinct. Although there may still be a few individuals alive, they can no longer reproduce and continue the survival of the race.
In 2018,The white-sided dolphin has been rated as a world-class endangered species and has been included in the World Union's list of endangered animals. Although it has not been declared extinct, it is rated "critically endangered". In 2021, the white-sided dolphin was also included in China's wildlife protection list.
The white-sided dolphin is extinct, and the situation of the finless porpoise is very dangerous. In 2006, there were more than 1,800 finless porpoises in the Yangtze River basin. But in 2017, that number had dropped to about 1,000.
There are two main reasons why the finless porpoise is endangeredOne is that the living environment has been severely damaged, and the other is that the finless porpoise does not have enough food to eat, and the main reason for these problems is humans.
The finless porpoise's diet is mainly small fish under 20 centimeters, but at the beginning of the last centuryFrequent dams, reclamation and large-scale fishing of fish in the Yangtze River have contributed to the scarcity of fish.
At that time, the most caught in the local area were the four big fish, and,After the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, the main spawning grounds of Yangtze fish in Zhongyou could not be returned. Although people sow fry in the Yangtze River every year, they only sow the slightly larger fish such as the four large fish, and the finless porpoise no longer needs small fish.
With the disappearance of food, it is inevitable that the finless porpoise will decline. Moreover, there are large transport ships in the Yangtze River, where the eyesight of the finless porpoise is not good, and it needs to rely on its own ultrasonic positioning and navigation, but a large number of ships in the Yangtze River make too much noise.
The noise of the ship seriously affects the perception of the finless porpoise, and there are often incidents of the finless porpoise hitting the shipMany times they will also hit the propeller directly, and the body of the finless porpoise will only be cut off when facing the propeller.
In addition, although fishermen do not catch finless porpoises when fishing, they are extremely vulnerable to accidental injuries by fishermen's fishing gear. The most serious thing is that people will use power grids and large trawling nets in the middle of the river, which will cause serious damage to the finless porpoise.
In the face of these problems, China has implemented a fishing ban system in the Yangtze River. Under the three-month fishing ban every year, the Yangtze River has recovered, but it is not large. Finally, in 2020, we implemented a 10-year total fishing ban.
There are also non-profit organizations that have joined the campaign to protect the finless porpoiseThese activities turn fishermen into river rangers. These activities fundamentally solve the problem of finless porpoise's livelihood.
Now, after a long fishing ban on fishing, fish in the Yangtze River have begun to recover slowly. Now the finless porpoise is also often seen in front of humansThe Yangtze River not only nourishes countless Yangtze River people, but is also home to countless aquatic creatures. Hopefully, we can use our own efforts to restore the smile of the Yangtze River.
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