The Eighth Route Army, whose name stood proudly on the battlefield during the Anti-Japanese War, became a symbol of the heroic resistance of the Chinese people to aggression. However, few people know that the Eighth Route Army did not originally start with the anti-Japanese armed forces led by the CCP. Long before the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, a Kuomintang unit used to be called the "Eighth Route Army", but this name has undergone twists and turns in the situation of Chiang Kai-shek's power schemes.
The numbers of the 115th, 120th, and 129th Divisions of the Eighth Route Army also experienced the baptism of war. Initially, these three numbers were subordinate to the Northeast Army and were assigned by the Kuomintang to participate in the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army. However, due to repeated defeats and losses, the Kuomintang "organized" the Northeast Army and abolished the three divisions, and the corresponding numbers were also revoked.
At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party reached a second cooperation, and the Red Army accepted the reorganization of the National. In the process, the Kuomintang found the numbers of the "Eighth Route Army" and the 115th, 120th, and 129th Divisions from the units that had been dismantled in the past and handed them over to the Red Army units that had been reorganized. Although some people speculate that the Kuomintang had ulterior motives on the issue of numbers, compared with the twists and turns of the Red Army's reorganization, the controversy over the numbers is relatively secondary.
The CCP's negotiations and the Kuomintang's calculations: the reorganization of the Eighth Route Army was full of twists and turns.
On the issue of the establishment of the Eighth Route Army, the Kuomintang set restrictions. During the negotiations in Xi'an, the CCP proposed that the Red Army form a First Route Army and set up a general headquarters with four corps and 12 divisions under its jurisdiction. However, the Kuomintang insisted that the Red Army should only be allowed to have 2 divisions and 8 regiments, and the number of soldiers should not exceed 15,000. In addition, the Kuomintang stipulated that the Red Army should not have corps-level units above the division level, nor would it have a general headquarters, and that it would be directly under the command of the Kuomintang Military Commission. On this issue, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party reached a deadlock, but in the end, in order to take into account the overall situation of the anti-Japanese united front, the Chinese Communists adopted a flexible and mobile negotiation strategy and made certain concessions. In the end, the Red Army was reorganized into three divisions of the National Revolutionary Army, with a general headquarters above the division level, under the jurisdiction of six brigades and 12 regiments and their direct subordinate workers, artillery, communications, and baggage, with a total of about 45,000 soldiers.
The Kuomintang also made calculations on the issue of delegating the military and political leadership of the Eighth Route Army. The CCP plans to have ** as the commander-in-chief and ** as the deputy commander-in-chief, and the commanders of the four divisions will be appointed by the CCP. However, the Kuomintang insisted that the two divisions be directly under the leadership of the Military Commission or under the leadership of the Kuomintang Xi'an Xingying. In addition, the Kuomintang side agreed that the division commander should be appointed by the CCP, but the deputy division commander and below officers should be appointed by the Kuomintang side. During the negotiations, the two sides finally reached an agreement, the Red Army became the 8th Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, the General Headquarters was established, and the officers at all levels were decided by the CCP, but the Kuomintang side sent political training personnel.
Eighth Route Army: The change of military name is magnificent.
After the Kuomintang and the Communist Party negotiated and settled, the Kuomintang ** awarded the titles to senior officers of the Eighth Route Army according to the usual practice. ** was awarded the rank of army general, ** and 10 others were awarded the rank of lieutenant general of the army, and other officers were also awarded corresponding titles. However, on September 11, 1937, the Kuomintang ** Military Commission issued an order to rename the Eighth Route Army the 18th Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army. This change took less than 20 days, but the title of the Eighth Route Army left a deep imprint in the hearts of the commanders and fighters and the people, and it continues to this day.
Political Calculations and Intrigues: The Eighth Route Army struggles in the haze of Yan Xishan.
However, the Kuomintang's calculations against the Eighth Route Army did not stop. On the issue of the garrison of the Eighth Route Army, Chiang Kai-shek assigned it to Yan Xishan's Second Theater of Operations. This move not only made the Eighth Route Army likely to become the main target of the Japanese army, but also made it very likely that it would touch Yan Xishan's "bottom line". Chiang Kai-shek's calculation was obvious, with the help of the Japanese army or the power of Yan Xishan, trying to weaken or even eliminate the Eighth Route Army, in order to eliminate this thorn in the eye and flesh in his eyes.
However, Chiang Kai-shek's wishful thinking was eventually crushed by the tenacity of the Eighth Route Army. Although the Eighth Route Army, the 115th Division, the 120th Division, and the 129th Division were originally the names of the defeated army, the revolutionary army gathered under these numbers radiated a new vitality under the leadership of ***. These three divisions have become the new force and the main force for the liberation of the whole of China, and have trained a large number of outstanding revolutionary soldiers for our party. Although the political calculations of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek dug many "holes" for the Eighth Route Army, the final result made them jaw-dropping.
Emotions and achievements of the Red Army: The Eighth Route Army wrote a legend in the flames of war.
After the reorganization of the Eighth Route Army, there were also some problems within the Red Army. For example, the nostalgia of the Red Army soldiers for the "Red Five Stars" and the resistance to the "Blue Sky and White Sun" badge. In addition, most of the Red Army generals were demoted in this reorganization, and some even "official demoted", which made it inevitable that the officers and soldiers would have some emotions. Fortunately, our army has always had an extremely high level of propaganda and education, and these problems were quickly resolved without any impact on the newly established Eighth Route Army.
The Eighth Route Army continued to grow on the battlefield of resistance against Japan, trained many outstanding revolutionary soldiers for our army, and became the new force and main force for the liberation of the whole of China. Although the number has been changed, the title of the Eighth Route Army continues to this day in the hearts of the majority of commanders and fighters and the people. The legendary story of the Eighth Route Army is not only the pride of the squadron, but also a glorious chapter in the Chinese nation's resistance to aggression.
This article delves into the twists and turns of the Eighth Route Army, as well as the political calculations and negotiation twists and turns experienced in the process of the reorganization of the Red Army. Through detailed historical records, readers can get a glimpse of the difficult negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party for anti-Japanese cooperation at that time, as well as the twists and turns of the reorganization process experienced by the Eighth Route Army.
The article first reveals that the "Eighth Route Army" was not an anti-Japanese armed force led by the CCP from the beginning, but originated from Li Jishen's troops in Guangdong. This historical detail makes one think, and in the long course of Chinese history, many changes in the establishment and number were often accompanied by changes in the political situation, which laid a complex background for the later War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
Among them, the number changes of the 115th Division, 120th Division, and 129th Division show the complex game between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the process of adaptation. These three numbers originally belonged to the Northeast Army, but due to repeated defeats, they were eventually cut by the Kuomintang. However, during the period of anti-Japanese cooperation, these numbers were again selected and given to the reorganized units of the Red Army. There was no lack of political calculations in this process, but in the end, in order to jointly resist the Japanese invaders, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party made some compromises.
The political struggle in the negotiations was also expressed in the issue of the establishment of the Eighth Route Army. The restrictions imposed by the Kuomintang and the struggle for leadership underscored the complex relationship between the two parties at the time. Although there were many twists and turns, the final result of the negotiations allowed the Eighth Route Army to be established and became a strong force in China's war of resistance.
The article pointed out the open and covert struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party over the issue of the garrison of the Eighth Route Army. Chiang Kai-shek assigned it to Yan Xishan's Second Theater of Operations, in an attempt to weaken or even eliminate the Eighth Route Army by relying on the Japanese army or Yan Xishan's strength. Although this method was insidious and vicious, it ultimately failed to stop the firm resistance of the Eighth Route Army, showing the tenacity and unyielding spirit of the Eighth Route Army.
Finally, the article briefly mentions problems within the Red Army, such as the emotional problems of the "Red Five Stars" and the "Blue Sky and White Sun" badges. However, through a high level of propaganda and education, these problems were quickly resolved and did not negatively affect the newly formed Eighth Route Army.
In general, on the basis of rich historical facts, this article profoundly presents the political struggle and negotiation process between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression by revealing the origin and reorganization process of the Eighth Route Army's number, and highlights the tenacious will and firm belief of the Eighth Route Army in it. This historical review not only enhances the understanding of the history of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, but also enables readers to think more deeply about the game and compromise between the forces of various parties in the war.
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