Proportion of Han people in the six divisions: Statistics on the actual power in the six departments of the Qing Dynasty.
Although the Qing Dynasty is a minority regime, but the official system basically follows the Ming Dynasty, but in the specific setting of the first class, and has unique national characteristics, always adhere to the principle of re-completing the block, the Beijing division Yamen for the Manchuria lack of officials, Mongolia lack of officials, Han army lack of officials, Han people lack of officials four categories.
According to the regulations, there is no restriction on the four vacancies in Manchuria, and all four official vacancies can be filledThe vacancy of the Mongolian flag can be filled by four vacancies: Hui, Mongolian, military, and Han;As for the Han vacancies, which are the most restrictive, they cannot be allocated to Manchuria, Mongolia, and military vacancies.
The Six Ministries were important departments responsible for certain administrative affairs of the state, so the Qing rulers always strictly controlled the power of the Six Ministries, and under the control of the Manchus, vigorously promoted the basic state policy of the Han people.
Readers may ask, the six ministers and ministers of the Qing Dynasty were both Manchu and Han, so what is the Manchu-Han system to talk about?This statement is not wrong, according to the book "The Six Ministers of the Manchu and Han Dynasties", the left and right ministers are also Manchu and Han. But this is just the appearance, from the early years of Shunzhi to the Daoguang Dynasty, all the Manchu and Han people were Shangshuyin, except for Han Shangshu, the bachelor in charge of the Ministry of Engineering, the ministers actually did not have much power.
It is precisely because of this that Shangshu, who is also the minister of the Manchu and Han dynasties, can boast of himself when he is called emperor"The Manchu family"。If readers are familiar with the history of the Qing Dynasty, they should know that the six Shangshu of Shangshu and the deputy mayor of the imperial court are not the main persons in charge of some affairs, in fact, it is the ** of each department that holds the power. Outside of the various departments of Shangshu Province, the proportion of Han Chinese in Shangshu Province is very small. Below, we mainly discuss the setup of the six parts:
1.Ministry of Appointments.
The Ministry of Officials consists of four divisions (hereinafter referred to as the four divisions), which are responsible for the purpose of monthly selection, and the four divisions are responsible for completing the promotion and rank of civil servants in the selection list. There are 8 people in the Lang Department this time, including 4 people from the clan and Mongolia, 1 person from the Han nationality and 2 people from the Han nationality6 Manchus, 3 Manchus;
The department is responsible for the reclassification of the Ambulance Services Division, a three-year Beijing inspection and a major procurement plan. Among them, 4 are from Rangi, 3 are from Manchu, and 1 is from Hanoi;2 in Rangi, 1 each in Manchu, Mongolian, and Hanoi;
(b) The Control Division, which is responsible for the honorary titles, names, systems and promotions of civil servants. Manchu and Han each have one person in, one person out, and one person in;
The Department of Seal Inspection is in charge of civil official titles, compassionate discussions, discretionary gifts, local officials, commercial appointments, etc. One Manchu and one Han, one Manchurian clan, two Manchu and Han;
2.Ministry of Family.
There are 14 clearing offices under the Ministry of Taxation, which are divided by province.
Jiangnan Division was formed by Lang Man and Han one, in addition to Lang Man and Han Yi;
Zhejiang Division set up one person in Lang Zhong Manchu Han, except for Lang Zhong Manchu Han two;
Jiangxi Division, one person from the Langzhong clan, one person from the Han Dynasty, two people except Lang Man, and one person from the Han Dynasty;
Fujian Administration, two people in Langzhong, one Han people, five people in Langzhong Periphery, and one Han people;
Huguang Governor's Palace, two Manchus, one Han, two Manchus, one Han;
Shandong Division, two full and one Han, three full and one Han;
In Shanxi, there is one each in Manchu, Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese
Henan Branch, 1 person per class, 1 person outside the class;2 students per class and 2 students outside the class;1 person per class, 2 people outside the class;1 person per class, 2 people outside the class;1 person per class, 2 people outside the class;1 person per class, 2 people outside the class;1 person per class, 2 people outside the class;1 person per class, 2 people outside the class;1 person per class, 2 people outside the class;
In the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region, there are 1 Manchu Langzhong, 1 Mongolian Langzhong, 1 Han Langzhong, 3 foreign Langzhong, and 1 Han Langzhong
Sichuan Division, one Manchu, one Han, two foreigners, and one Han;
There are four divisions in Guangdong, one in Langzhong, one in Han, and one outside Langzhong.
One, two full, one Han;
Guangxi Division, Langzhong Manchu, Han each one, Wailang Zongluo one, Manchu three, Han Li one;
Yunnan Division, two Manchus and one Han, three Manchus and one Han;
Guizhou Branch, Langzhong has two Manchus, one Han nationality, Langwailang has three Manchu people, and one Han nationality;
The Ministry of Officials was the largest administrative yamen in the Qing Dynasty (the Internal Affairs Office was not an administrative yamen), and it was also the largest number of yamen. In addition to the 14 Qing Divisions, the Ministry also has three warehouses of silver, satin and pigments, and there are Langzhong classes and foreign affairs classes.
The Sanku is the most important department of the Ministry of Officials, and is usually appointed by Huang Taiji, Baylor and relevant princely ministers, with the official name"Shangshu Provincial Household Department three library management", its status is even higher than that of Shangshu Province.
The three treasury of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Cheng Yanjin each appointed a Langzhong, and the two treasury non-Langzhong, and there were vacancies in the treasury, embassy, pension, cashier, etc., which were not suitable for the Han people.
3.Ministry of Rites.
Ministry of Rites. "Discipline, A, C, D, killing order, school discipline, and praising the national ceremony"Four sections of the account.
There are two Manchus and one Han Chinese, and three Manchus and one Han Chinese;
In the clan department, there are two Manchus in Langzhong, one Han nationality, three Manchus, one Mongolian and one Han nationality;
The guest of honor, one each of the Manchus, Mongols and Han Chinese, and two non-Manchus;
The food department is composed of one person each from the Manchu and Han nationality, and two people from the outside
In addition, the Ministry of Rites Casting and Seal Bureau was also established, and a Lang Zhong was responsible for casting the emperor's seal and the seal of the Minister of the Interior and the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
War Department. According to the record of "Guangxu Record", the military department"Responsible for the laws and regulations of Chinese and foreign officers, where the issuance of the shadow code, the postal system, the verification of the party, the number of soldiers, the actual soldiers, and the inspection of the travel book"。The Ministry of War has four inspection divisions.
In the Wuju Electoral Department, there are three people in Langzhong, one Mongolian and one Han each, Langzhong people are selected from four people, and Han people are selected from two people;
Yun Division, Langzhong has one clan, one Manchu and Han, one Langzhong clan, two Manchus, and one Mongolian;
In the engineering department, there are 5 Manchus in Langzhong, 2 Han people, 2 Manchus in Langzhong and 1 Manchu in Langzhong, 1 Mongolian and 1 Han each;
There are two Manchus in the military preparation Daolang, one is Han, one is Wailang Manchu, and the Mongolian is of Mongolian;
Justice department. The Criminal Department is the same as the Ministry of Officials, it is also named according to the province, but the Ministry of Criminal Affairs is more like the Ministry of Officials, and there are eighteen divisions during the Qianlong period, which are divided into the Zhili Division, the Fengtian Division, the Arrest Division, the Governor's Division and the Jiangnan Division, the Anhui Division, and the Jiangsu Division. The Ministry of Officials and the Ministry of Criminal Affairs will not be introduced separately, but only the specific number.
During the Guangxu period, according to the "Cabinet Meeting Minutes" and the "Cabinet Regulations", there were **38 people in the Criminal Department (one person from the clan, 16 people from the Manchu nationality, 1 person from the Mongolian nationality, and 20 people from the Han nationality), and 46 people (2 people from the clan, 24 people from the Manchu nationality, 19 people from the Han nationality, and one person from the Mongolian nationality).
Engineering Department. The Ministry of Industry is the administrative body of the state, which is responsible for the national industries such as construction, water conservancy, engineering, mechanical engineering, mining and metallurgy, textiles, as well as part of the financial, tax and accounting measurement work. The Ministry of Industry consists of four divisions.
Repair Department, Langzhong is full of four people, Mongolian, Han each one, four foreigners, Lang Zhong full of one person;
Langzhong Yuheng Division placed 4 Manchus, 1 Han, 1 foreigner, 3 Manchus, 1 Mongolian and Han;
The Ministry of Water, Wupinlangzhong, Han one, Wupinren Wailang, Han one;
There are Shiro, one Han, five foreign langs, and one Han.
In addition, the Ministry of Industry has set up a production library with three employees (two Manchu and one Han).
In addition to the six ministries, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Criminal Affairs, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are all located in the Yamen of the Beijing Division, and the Langzhong Division is set up. However, these two departments should not be handed over to the Han people, ** are all Manchurian, Mongolian, and Han army shortages.
In the composition of the six ministries, the proportion of Han people is very small, that is, if there is no Han Shangshu, the number of Han people is very small, and the actual administrative power of the six departments is in the hands of the banner people, in short, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty do not trust us Han people from beginning to end!