Zhengqipin Zhixian has done an excellent job, whether it can be promoted from the fourth rank to the prefect of the fourth grade
If the Qing Dynasty's seven-rank prefect had outstanding political achievements, couldn't he be promoted to the four-rank prefect?I believe that the vast majority of readers believe that this possibility does not exist, because it does not conform to the mechanism of the Qing Dynasty's civil servants to be promoted by rank.
In fact, promotions from one official position to another are rare, but not unheard of. Recently, when a royal historian consulted the historical materials of the Qing Dynasty judges' evaluation, he found that there are still some special cases, which I would like to share with you here.
Judge evaluation system.
The evaluation of judges in the early Qing Dynasty briefly followed the practice of the Ming Dynasty and was adopted"Full exam"method. The examination is to evaluate his political performance, and to occupy is to account for his salary (length of service). At that time, in order to be promoted or transferred, ** must be rated as excellent and have served for three years.
In the early years of Kangxi, the judge abolished the whole examination and adopted it"Large numbers"The method, that is, once every three years, is assessed by the criminal department, regardless of the whole salary, as a mandatory condition. According to the "Case Qi Mei": In the second year of the big plan, Shen and Hai, the first test is whether the clan, environment, road, and house are virtuous, and the superintendent Shen, the superintendent, the superintendent, the superintendent, the case, and the examination book, please pay attention to the assessment.
The assessment is more detailed and reachable"Four squares"for the assessment,"Six Laws"for penalties. "Four squares", that is, one is a disciple (green, honorable, straight), the second is ability (high, straight), the third is political affairs (diligent, straight), and the fourth is age (green, strong, healthy).
Six Laws"The predecessor was"Eight Laws", that is, greed, coldness, no honor, cowardice, urgency, no talent, old age, and illness. In the Qianlong period, the rules of greed, cold-bloodedness and second-grade officials were abolished, and they could be exempted from participation at any time, without waiting until the year of the big plan.
The general score is: First, second, third, first,"Excellent"The first and second class people are all promoted according to the regulations, the third class continues to serve, and those who are not on the list are demoted, stifled or dismissed.
It is very difficult for local ** to obtain higher fame, because the number of fame places is very small, and there are only four or five people in each province on average in the country. Therefore,"Honesty and integrity"The threshold for assessment is very high: first, it must be in office for one term;Secondly, there must be no heavy duties, no excessive tasks, no theft, no shortage of money and food, no shortage of rice in the granary, the livelihood of the local people is guaranteed, and the life of the local people is getting better day by day. Finally, he cannot be fined or demoted while in office. Only if both conditions are met can it be considered an exception.
Although the conditions for special cases were relaxed during the Yongzheng period, stipulating that those who committed public crimes during their tenure would also be punished, the Qing Dynasty ** may also be listed as a special case, but this situation is relatively rare.
The reason why we spend time discussing the evaluation system of judges is to let readers have a basic understanding of the evaluation methods of the Qing Dynasty, and with this background, we can talk specifically about Zhuo Zi**, that is, the next stage of the official career.
How did those who are known for their prominence get promoted?
First of all, in the Jingguanzhong. Since the Qianlong period, officialdom has gradually formed a phenomenon of emphasizing the outside and neglecting the inside. Most of the middle and lower ranks** prefer to work at the local level. However, in terms of system, the status of Beijing officials at the same level is higher than that of local **.
As a simple example, the governor of the same rank is not as good as the foreign minister of the ministry, and if the governor of the province is promoted to the capital, he is usually transferred to the ministry for appointment. Theoretically speaking, even this kind of leveling between the local peer and the Beijing official can be regarded as a promotion.
If it is called"Extraordinary"The ** transferred from the local government to the capital is usually reflected in the official rank. It is generally believed that if the magistrate (abbreviated"Extraordinary"In an internal promotion, he or she will not be promoted above his or her own rank.
The second is the external promotion of magistrates. If the ** who was promoted in Zhuo Yi is still stationed outside the city, it will not be promoted, and it is divided into three situations: being transferred to another place, being promoted to another place, and being promoted to another place.
For example, although a judge from a certain place in Jiangsu is transferred to a judge from a certain place in Anhui, although it is a direct transfer, it is generally from an ordinary vacant position, a vacant position, to the most important position. The level is still the seventh grade, but the job responsibilities are different.
The most common scenario is a transfer promotion, i.e., a promotion by one level. For example, the district chief promotes the district head, the district chief promotes the same knowledge, the same knowledge promotes the same knowledge, and the same knowledge promotes the prefect, etc., but the imperial court stipulates that the local ** is not promoted in the same province as the district, but in the inter-provincial flow regulations, which is to prevent the formation of local forces to seize the cadre system.
In the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, promotion in other places was more common. Here, we need to focus on the county and the national system. At the beginning of the rank, the district is seven products, the scattered area is five products, and the Zhili area is five products. According to the usual logic, a rank promotion implies at least two or more ranks, and if this is the case, if a county judge is promoted to the head of a dispersed county, it is also a rank promotion.
However, the promotion of magistrates to magistrates is a special case. In the Qing Dynasty, judges started from the sixth rank, and there were fewer judges below the sixth rank, so the promotion of the county governor was defined as the sixth rank of the Metropolitan Procuratorate or the fifth rank of the Sanzhou prefect, and there were also cases of prefects such as general judgments.
Therefore, the promotion of the county order to the governor of Sanzhou can be understood as both a normal promotion and an increase in official rank.
The true meaning of a county magistrate promotion is to be promoted to a provincial governor directly after being promoted to a provincial governor. Hence the question: can the county magistrate mentioned in the introduction be promoted to provincial governor?
This situation still exists, and here are a few specific examples::
In the fourth year of Yongzheng, the planning line was formed, Kong Yuxun, the governor of Liangguang, and Yang Wenqian, the governor of Guangdong, recommended Jiang Chaojun, the magistrate of Xinning County, as a virtuous, and on the 10th day of June, the criminal department was introduced. At the request of the Ministry of Officials: Zhuo Yi is the county magistrate.
In the same four years of Yongzheng, Guangxi Governor Yi Sigong recommended Zhou Mengjin of Chongshanzhi County as Zhuo Yi, and on June 19, the Criminal Department issued an order to allow Zhuo Yi to supplement the prefects of Hunan and Anlu Provinces in Guangdong.
In April of the 11th year of Yongzheng, Shanxi Governor Shi Lin Bao played Ye Shikuan, the prefect of Pingyao, the director of the Department of Raising the People of the Criminal Department, and the prefect of Shaoxing Prefecture in Zhejiang were ordered to amend.
According to Yongzheng, the county magistrate was listed as excellent and promoted, at least not found by the imperial history. After Qianlong ascended the throne, while continuing to implement a series of new systems, there were also new regulations on the promotion of the first class, except for special purposes, all the first should be gradually promoted.