On New Year's Day 1949, ** delivered a New Year's message (New Year's Day Proclamation) almost simultaneously with Chiang Kai-shek. *The title of the dedication is "Carry the Revolution to the End";The title of Chiang Kai-shek's New Year's Day proclamation was "Letter to the Compatriots of the People." It's all New Year's proclamations, but they feel very different. The former is full of pride, and the latter is angry. 
At that time, ** commented: Chiang Kai-shek's New Year's Day proclamation was full of pathos and frustration, not so much a New Year's message, but rather a wail he uttered on the first day of the new year. Chiang Kai-shek has held the supreme power in the country for 22 years. In this New Year's Day proclamation, Chiang Kai-shek made a rare public admission of the failure of "fighting chaos to save the country" and released a signal of willingness to sue for peace with the Chinese Communist Party. However, Chiang Kai-shek obviously did not put himself in the right position, which can be seen from the conditions of his "peace talks": to preserve the current constitution, to preserve the legal system of China, and to preserve the Kuomintang army. Otherwise, the people will have to "deal with the Communist Party to the end." Most of the Chinese people (including those in the Kuomintang circles) were not very interested in Chiang Kai-shek's above statements, and they did not take it too seriously. However, Chiang Kai-shek's words in the New Year's Day proclamation whetted the appetite of the Chinese people: "...In the hope that peace can be realized, the personal entry and exit will never be haunted, and the will of the people will be the ......"It was noted that Chiang Kai-shek mentioned the word "retreat". Could it be that Chiang Kai-shek wants to put aside the mess and play the "little trick" of "going to the wilderness" again?Compared with Chiang Kai-shek's "breath like a gossamer", the New Year's Day dedication of ** was full of vigor and pride. **In the New Year's message, he told the "story of the farmer and the snake", making it clear that the Chinese Communists should not be farmers, but "carry the great people's liberation war to the end!".*The New Year's message is written smoothly and imposingly, and the words are domineering and domineering, and it still reads so vigorously. People may ask, ** What is the confidence of such a bold spirit?Of course, the Communist Party has this confidence. 
By the New Year's Day of 1949, the Liaoshen Campaign had ended perfectly, and he led 800,000 troops to enter the pass quickly, quietly completing the strategic encirclement and campaign division of the enemy in Beiping, Tianjin, and ZhangjiakouIn the Central Plains battlefield, the overall situation of the Huaihai Campaign has been decided, Huang Baitao's corps and Huang Wei's corps have been annihilated one after another, Du Yuming's group was besieged by Su Yu and died in Chenguanzhuang, Du Yuming has been unable to fly;In Xibaipo, we have begun to consider issues other than war, such as the issue of educating the whole party and the whole army to guard against arrogance and rashness and maintain their true colors, and the question ......of how to build a new ChinaAll in all, from the day of the New Year's Day speech, 1949 was an extraordinary year for Chiang Kai-shek and ***, a year of earth-shaking change. From the beginning of the year to the end of the year, under the guidance of the banner of the People's Liberation Army, the Chinese People's Liberation Army advanced with victory, destroyed decay, and "swallowed thousands of miles like a tiger." Therefore, the key word of the Chinese Communist Party in 1949 was "liberation". Looking at the Kuomintang again, with the successive victories of the People's Liberation Army, the Kuomintang and the army have collapsed in all directions. In addition to the attrition of troops on the battlefield, Chiang Kai-shek had to accept a succession of "non-combat attrition", the key word of which was also two words - "uprising". From the peaceful liberation of Peking at the beginning of the year to the uprisings in Sichuan and Yunnan at the end of the year, from the army to the air force and navy, from north to south and from east to west, large and small uprisings ran through the entire year of 1949. The peaceful liberation of Peking was the first major blow to Chiang Kai-shek in 1949. On January 22, 1949, Peking was peacefully liberated. On January 31, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) held a grand ceremony to enter the city. At this point, the Pingjin Battle ended victoriously, and the Chinese People's Liberation Army annihilated and reorganized more than 520,000 Kuomintang troops, creating the famous "Beiping Way", which was successfully applied to Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang soon after. Wang Kejun, then director of the Political Work Department of Fu Zuoyi's Ministry, recalled: "Mr. Fu admired his military strategy and command level very much, and he was indeed extraordinary, and he was impressed. In terms of the deployment and combat methods of the Pingjin Campaign, he thoroughly understood the enemy's internal laws, and adopted a series of decisive and effective measures that took into account the overall situation, which can be described as a "brilliant calculation". In the face of such an opponent, the Kuomintang defenders of Beiping fell into a desperate situation of "being invincible, unable to defend, and unable to escape", and there were only two options left - to be annihilated on the spot, or to settle peacefully. Wang Kejun said: "Mr. Fu and our subordinates who have followed him for many years have also found their true home. ”
Chiang Kai-shek's "great shame" - the students almost caught the principal. As we all know, the Whampoa Military Academy is the birthplace of Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Kai-shek has been proud of his status as the "principal" of Whampoa all his life. However, in 1949, the students of the 23rd class of the Whampoa Military Academy almost captured their "principal" Chiang Kai-shek alive. When the Kuomintang army was defeated, Chiang Kai-shek began to consider a final contest with the People's Liberation Army centered on the southwest. The Whampoa Military Academy, which had already moved to Chengdu, was an important base for him to cultivate his best strength. The Chengdu Military Academy had more than 3,000 teachers and students at that time, and Chiang Kai-shek had high hopes for them. In late December, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Chengdu and stayed at the Whampoa Military Academy that night. At the Chengdu Military Academy, Chiang Kai-shek continued his old Xi during his time in Huangpu, Guangzhou, and talked to the teachers and students of the military academy separately. The teachers and students found that the conversation style of "Principal Jiang" had not changed, but the content of the conversation was significantly different. In addition to "drawing a big pie" and cheering, "President Jiang" has "three no-talks": one is not talking about the situation - that is because the overall situation is already precarious;Second, after the "three major battles" and the battle of crossing the river, the Kuomintang army has no achievements that can be spoken;Third, it will take no telling how long it will take to defeat the Communist-Kuomintang army, and even Chiang Kai-shek himself will not dare to brag about it. At Chiang Ching-kuo's suggestion, in order to boost the spirits of teachers and students, a military parade was held at the Chengdu Whampoa Military Academy. It was Chiang Kai-shek's last military parade in Chinese mainland. Before the parade began, Chiang Kai-shek, wearing a black cloak, spoke solemnly for seven minutes. Chiang Kai-shek announced: The Whampoa Military Academy is about to be relocated. As for where to move, Chiang Kai-shek did not say clearly, but the teachers and students knew it. In the entire southwest region, Yunnan and Guizhou are already under the control of the Communist Party, and there is only one Sichuan Province left. In addition to Taiwan, can you also move to **?At the following military parade, the teachers and students witnessed a strange scene. Just as the commander-in-chief of the parade waved his knife to report to Chiang Kai-shek, the flagpole of the parade ground ** suddenly broke, and the "Blue Sky and White Sun Flag" hanging on the flagpole suddenly broke the line and fell to the ground. The parade ground was suddenly silent and deadly silent. Chiang Kai-shek looked angry, and the parade ended hastily. Teachers and students talked a lot, and the most common thing they said in private was: "This is a bad omen......"The general trend is like this, what is the way out?Confusion and despair filled the campus. At this time, the three major general-level officers of the Whampoa Military Academy began to act. A few months earlier, they had made contact with the Southwest Working Group of the Chinese Communist Party, planning to "capture Chiang Kai-shek alive" at the right time. However, a major general officer temporarily changed his mind, which led to the abort of the "plan to capture Chiang". Even so, it did not stop the pace of the uprising of the teachers and students of the military academy. On December 25, more than 3,000 people from the Chengdu Huangpu Military Academy declared an uprising in Pixian County. Chiang Kai-shek, who fled Chengdu in a hurry, was furious when he heard the news, angrily scolding "Whampoa scum" and "great shame." In December 1949, there was also an uprising in Sichuan, and the main generals of the uprising were Deng Xihou, Liu Wenhui, and Pan Wenhua. Speaking of Deng Xihou, many PLA officers and soldiers who participated in the Long March were deeply impressed by him. When the Jialing River was forcibly crossed, the battle cry of the Red officers and men was: "Fight the Jialing River and capture Deng Xihou alive!""* When the Red Army's Long March passed through Sichuan, when the Red Fourth Front Army established the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area, Deng Xihou, the Sichuan warlord, was the Red Army's mortal enemy. However, on December 9, 1949, Deng Xihou, then director of the Chuankang Pacification Office, sent a telegram to the whole country announcing the uprising. Also signing the uprising documents were Liu Wenhui, chairman of the Kuomintang Xikang Province and commander of the 24th Army, and Pan Wenhua, then deputy military and political governor of the southwest. The telegram reads: "Today, when the soldiers have no fighting spirit and the people are detached, (Chiang Kai-shek) still wants to resist the world with a corner, and throw away the lives and property left over from the eight-year war of resistance in Sichuan and Kang provinces. "Mend the dead, there are clear precepts in the past, yesterday is not today, and the sages forgive." In order to meet the demands of the people, it is hereby decided to lead his subordinates to announce the severance of relations with the reactionary clique of Chiang, Li, and Bai with immediate effect. "Wholeheartedly obey the leadership of Commander-in-Chief Zhu of the People's Liberation Army and Commander Liu of the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and Political Commissar Deng." The telegram demanded that all military and political personnel in Chuankang maintain social order, protect public and private property, and wait for the reception of the People's Liberation Army and the people. "And strive to cooperate with the People's Liberation Army to eliminate the remnants of the Kuomintang reactionaries, with a view to the early liberation of the entire territory of Chuankang......Deng Xihou resolutely threw himself into the opponent who had fought to the death on the battlefield. In this telegram, the words "soldiers have no fighting spirit, and people are centrifuged" are particularly eye-catching. This was the most appropriate and clear understanding of the current situation by Deng Xihou and other Kuomintang generals, and it was also one of the main reasons why they made a historic choice. When Deng Xihou sent a telegram to revolt, New China had just been founded for more than two months. In order to show a complete break with Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang, all officers and soldiers took the initiative to tear off the epaulettes of the Kuomintang military collar and take off the blue sky and white sun cockade. They also took matters into their own hands and sewed five-pointed stars cut out of red cloth on their military caps. Because the standard size of the five-pointed star is not clear, the five-pointed star worn by the officers and soldiers is large and small, and the shape is strange. It was not until Dayi was reorganized and trained that the officers and men of the uprising received the long-awaited PLA logo - a badge printed with the seven characters "Chinese People's Liberation Army" and a red five-star cockade. Many officers and men said: "We don't need to worry about it now, we are now the PLA!"”
In May 1949, Zhang Zhen, chairman of the Kuomintang Henan Province and commander of the 19th Corps, led his troops to revolt. When the defeat of the Kuomintang was assured, Zhang Zhen, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Central China and commander of the Fifth Appeasement Zone, decided to lead his troops to revolt. After making up his mind, Zhang Zhen made contact with the PLA while carrying out propaganda work on the uprising among high-ranking officers. Zhang Zhen originally planned to lead an uprising in Xinyang, Henan, but was suddenly transferred to Wuhan by Bai Chongxi, so he was forced to cancel the uprising plan. On May 14, due to the inadvertent leakage of the plan for the uprising, Bai Chongxi detained Zhang Zhen in Wuchang. Zhang Zhen later managed to escape, and he quickly returned to his troops, immediately launching an uprising, and at the same time sent people to cross the river to welcome the People's Liberation Army into Wuhan. Soon after, the rebel troops were reorganized into the Fourth Field Army and embarked on a journey to liberate the whole of China. In August 1949, Chen Mingren, the former commander of the Kuomintang Corps and acting chairman of Hunan Province, and General Cheng Qian led the army to revolt, and Hunan was peacefully liberated. At the founding ceremony of New China held on October 1 of this year, many special participants appeared in people's eyes, and Chen Mingren was one of them. Chen Mingren graduated from the first phase of Whampoa and is known for his courage and skill. After the peaceful liberation of Hunan, ** specially invited Chen Mingren to his home as a guest. ** humorously said to Chen Mingren: "I think** is not as good as you in war!."* is talking about the Battle of Siping Street two years ago. 
That year, ** led the Northeast Field Army to sweep the Northeast Battlefield, attacking all the battles and being invincible, but was defeated by Chen Mingren in Siping. After the war, Chiang Kai-shek personally summoned Chen Mingren in the ** Mansion and praised Chen Mingren as "a meritorious general, worthy of praise, worthy of being a model of Whampoa." Chiang Kai-shek also made a rare invitation to Chen Mingren and his wife to swim in Xuanwu Lake. Soon after, Chiang Kai-shek personally awarded Chen Mingren the Order of the Blue Sky and White Sun and appointed him commander of the 7th Corps. However, in less than two years, Chen Mingren broke away from the national ** and rebelled with General Cheng Qian in Hunan. The news of Chen Mingren's uprising caused a great shock within the Kuomintang. Many people can't believe this fact, but only Chen Mingren himself and a few people understand the reason. The main reason for Chen Mingren's uprising was that Chiang Kai-shek had completely failed him. After the First World War on Siping Street, Chen Mingren's popularity quickly reached its peak. However, it didn't take long for Chiang Kai-shek to remove Chen Mingren from his post and investigate him. It turned out that Liu Handong, chairman of the Kuomintang Liaobei Province, told Chen Cheng, a Kuomintang figure with real power, about Chen Mingren's case. Liu Handong accused Chen Mingren of arson and grain robbery, among which Chen Mingren's "scattering beans into soldiers" also became one of the crimes. Chen Cheng couldn't get used to Chen Mingren, so he took the opportunity to report Liu Handong's accusation to Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek listened to the slander, and indiscriminately removed Chen Mingren from his post and investigated him, transferred him back to Nanjing, and gave him a chance to join the army as a lieutenant general. Chen Mingren has a violent temper by nature, and he can stand this nest. Chen Mingren, who had learned from the pain and was disheartened by Chiang Kai-shek, wanted to understand a truth: No matter how hard he worked for the Kuomintang, he was just a pawn on Chiang Kai-shek's chessboard, and he could become a victim of the factional struggle of the Kuomintang. After that, under the persuasion of his friends and the influence of the Central ** organization, Chen Mingren's thinking began to change, and he began to dislike Chiang Kai-shek. In October 1948, Chen Mingren returned to serve as the deputy commander of the "General Suppression" in Central China, the commander of the Wuhan garrison and the commander of the 29th Army, and the commander of the 1st Corps. At this time, he had close contact with Cheng Qian, director of the "appeasement" of the Kuomintang in Changsha and chairman of Hunan Province, who was inclined to peace. In February 1949, Chen Mingren led his troops to Changsha and successively served as deputy chief of the Central China Military and Political Chief's Office and commander of the Changsha garrison, chairman of Hunan Province, and commander-in-chief of the provincial "appeasement". Chiang Kai-shek asked Chen Mingren to replace Cheng as the head of the military and government in Hunan, in order to let Chen and Cheng check and balance each other. As everyone knows, Chen and Cheng have a common language with each other, and they fully trust each other, and they hit it off on the issue of the uprising. After a long and complicated process, Chen Mingren finally made up his mind, and on August 4, Chen Mingren and Cheng Qian and others telegraphed an uprising, officially announcing a break with Chiang Kai-shek. After the peaceful liberation of Hunan, Chen Mingren served as the provisional chairman of Hunan Province and the commander of the First Corps of the People's Liberation Army. Chen Mingren also received an invitation to participate in the first CPPCC National Conference and the founding ceremony. In 1955, when the Chinese People's Liberation Army conferred titles, 159 Kuomintang rebel officers were awarded the rank of general. Among them, Chen Mingren, Tao Zhiyue and Dong Qiwu were awarded the rank of general. Chen Mingren said to *** that he was "ashamed". * Joking with Chen Mingren: "Chiang Kai-shek was so stingy that he only gave you two 'golden beans', I think it is just right for you to be a general." ”
In September 1949, Dong Qiwu and Sun Lanfeng telegraphed to revolt, and Suiyuan was peacefully liberated. On September 19, 1949, Dong Qiwu, then deputy commander of the Northwest Military and Political Chief's Office of the Kuomintang and chairman of Suiyuan Province, sent a telegram to Commander-in-Chief Zhu, announcing his separation from the Kuomintang group and leading his troops to revolt. At the same time, General Sun Lanfeng, who was then the commander of the 9th Corps of the Kuomintang, also rebelled. The two generals are both capable generals of General Fu Zuoyi, known as "Fu Zuoyi's two tigers." In September 1951, Dong Qiwu served as the commander of the 23rd Corps of the Chinese People's Volunteers and led his troops to fight in Korea. After returning to China, the 23rd Army was reorganized into the 69th Army, and Dong Qiwu was transferred to the commander of the 69th Army. When the title was conferred in 1955, Dong Qiwu learned that he would be awarded the rank of general, and immediately submitted a request for demotion. After learning of the situation, ** asked Yang Chengwu to tell Dong Qiwu: "He is a famous rebel general, according to merit, contribution and seniority, he should be awarded the rank of general, this is the party's policy, and the rank of general must be awarded!."Along with Chen Mingren and Dong Qiwu, there was also a Kuomintang uprising general, who was Tao Zhiyue, the former commander of the Kuomintang Xinjiang garrison. From August to September 1949, the First Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army successively liberated Lanzhou, Xining, and Yinchuan, leaving Xinjiang in an isolated and helpless position. On September 25, Tao Zhiyue led more than 70,000 people, including the 42nd and 78th Divisions of the Kuomintang and the 1st Cavalry Division under his jurisdiction, to hold an uprising. The next day, Bao Erhan, chairman of Xinjiang Province of the Kuomintang, also telegraphed to announce the uprising, and Xinjiang was declared to be peacefully liberated. On December 9, 1949, General Lu Han declared an uprising in Yunnan, and the next morning, the first five-star red flag was raised on Wuhua Mountain in Kunming. However, the size and pattern of the five-star red flag are not so standard, and it is not the same specification as the five-star red flag raised on the day of the founding ceremony. Why is this happening?The reason is very simple, that is because, at that time, no one in Kunming had seen the five-star red flag with their own eyes. In accordance with General Lu Han's request to "immediately change the banner", Xu Zhenfang, commander of the Kuomintang Yunnan Provincial ** Guard Battalion, lowered the blue sky and white sun flag. However, they don't have the national flag of New China, so what can they do?So, Xu Zhenfang and Zou Fengshi, director of general affairs, discussed the production of the five-star red flag. What is the style of the national flag of New China?What is the length and width?How do you place the five stars?Nothing is known to everyone. Zou Fengshi said that in addition to the five stars on the flag, there are also two words "August 1." Xu Zhenfang said: Only on the military flag can there be the word "1 August." 
In the end, they found the comrades of the underground party, and finally determined the style of the flag, and the Yunrui North Road Xianming Garment Company rushed to make a flag and bring it back to Wuhua Mountain. At the Wuhua Mountain Lookout, Lu Han, former chairman of the Kuomintang Yunnan Province and commander of security, together with Xu Zhenfang, raised a brand-new five-star red flag on the flagpole. Xu Zhenfang later recalled: "At that time, we could not find the record of 'March of the Volunteers', but fortunately, the comrades of the underground party found the record of 'The Internationale', and we raised the national flag to the accompaniment of 'The Internationale'. Less than a day apart, the five-star red flag was raised in Nanping Street, Jinbi Road, Zhengyi Road, Huguo Road, Changchun Road, Wucheng Road and other places in Kunming. Interestingly, General Lu Han telegraphed the uprising in Yunnan, and Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua in Sichuan also sent a telegram on the same day. In other words, Chiang Kai-shek "lost" the two provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan in one day, and the blow to Chiang Kai-shek was so great that it can be imagined. According to statistics, during the entire War of Liberation, there were more than 60 major uprisings by the Kuomintang army at and above the division level, with more than 1.14 million troops. This figure does not include those who defected. Also participating in the uprising were Kuomintang air force and navy personnel, who brought 43 planes and 73 large and small ships to the PLA. In addition, many Kuomintang localities** and high-ranking Kuomintang officers jointly launched regional uprisings, covering an area of 5.53 million square kilometers, accounting for more than half of the country's total land area. In the face of one uprising after another, although Chiang Kai-shek hated it to the core, he was helpless. Chiang Kai-shek has dominated the world for more than 20 years, relying on "power strategy" and "the art of the emperor", he has passed all the way and is invincible, until he has climbed to the peak of his life. However, by 1949, the "spells" that Chiang Kai-shek had played with so well had failed and did not work. After the defeat of the Kuomintang and its retreat to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek also reflected on the reasons for his defeat. In his diary, Chiang Kai-shek cursed almost everyone, including his opponents, the Americans, the Soviets, and the many "traitors" who "turned their backs" on him at different times. I believe that Chiang Kai-shek will also reflect on his own problems. However, in the available information, we do not find a "review" of his political attitudes. In fact, there are not no sober people in the Kuomintang, and his "literary courage" Chen Bui is one of them. After the defeat of the Kuomintang in the Huaihai Campaign, Chen Bui once said to his daughter, Chen Lian, an underground member of the Communist Party of China, who was in danger of the people's stateOn November 13, 1948, Chen Bui committed suicide in his apartment. Eighteen days later, the new year began, and a new round and even greater collapse of the Kuomintang began. ......
On September 23, 1949, the chairman and commander-in-chief held a banquet in Beijing, and the guests they invited all had the same identity - the generals of the Kuomintang uprising. There are 26 guests, they are: Cheng Qian, Zhang Zhizhong, Fu Zuoyi, Deng Baoshan, Huang Shaohong, Li Shucheng, Li Minghao, Liu Fei;Chen Mingren, Sun Lanfeng, Li Renren, Wu Qiwei, Gao Shuxun, Zhang Zhen, Zeng Zesheng, He Jifeng;Liu Shanben, Lin Zun, Deng Zhaoxiang, Zuo Xiezhong, Liao Yunzhou, Li Mingyang, Zhang Jicun, Huang Qixiang;Zhou Beifeng, Cheng Xingling. There were 16 people invited to accompany them, they were: Su Yu, Huang Kecheng, Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Cai Tingkai, Jiang Guangnai, Xing Zhaotang, Zhou Baozhong;Zhao Shoushan, Zhang Xuesi, Yang Zhengmin. ** said happily: "You and your lover ** staged an uprising, which not only accelerated the collapse of the remnants of the Kuomintang's military force, but also gave us a rapidly increasing air force and navy, I should toast everyone with a glass of wine!.""The vast majority of these Kuomintang generals have been enemies of the Communist Party of China, and there are not a few who have fought to the death against our army. However, the general trend of history is mighty, and the heroes of the four seas are all wanted. History once again tells us with facts: Those who win the hearts of the people win the world, and the hearts of the people are the biggest politics!