1. The concept, characteristics, value and status quo of specialized and special new enterprises
1) The concept of specialized, special and new enterprises.
Specialized and special new enterprises refer to small and medium-sized enterprises that focus on market segments, focus on the main business, have strong innovation ability and good growth, and are a type of enterprise that is cultivated and supported by the state and local governments. The concept of specialized, refined, special and new enterprises was first proposed by the general secretary at the fifth meeting of the financial committee in 2018, to "cultivate a group of 'specialized, special and new' small and medium-sized enterprises", and in the 2021 "** work report", it was emphasized again that it is necessary to "support the growth of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises into an important birthplace of innovation". The concept of specialized, special and new enterprises contains four connotations:
Specialization, that is, focusing on market segments, deeply cultivating a certain link or a certain product in the industrial chain, forming core competitiveness and market advantages, providing key components, components and supporting products for large enterprises and large projects, or private label products that are directly market-oriented and have competitive advantages.
Refinement, that is, excellence, constantly improve product quality and performance, meet the personalized, diversified, and high-end needs of customers, improve customer satisfaction and loyalty, and create differentiated and characteristic products and services.
Specialization, that is, to highlight their own characteristics, form a unique value proposition and business model, create products and services that are different from the same industry, meet market gaps or potential needs, and build their own brand and reputation.
Innovation, that is, continuous innovation, increase R&D investment and technological transformation, improve the ability and level of independent innovation, develop new products, new technologies, new processes and new materials with independent intellectual property rights and market competitiveness, and promote industrial upgrading and transformation.
2) Characteristics of specialized and special new enterprises.
Specialized and special new enterprises have the following significant characteristics:
Small in scale and highly flexible. Most of the specialized and special new enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises, which are relatively small in scale, but they are flexible and adaptable, and can quickly respond to market changes, adjust business strategies, and seize development opportunities.
Strong innovation and good efficiency. Specialized and special new enterprises attach importance to technological innovation and management innovation, and continue to innovate in R&D and design, manufacturing, marketing, internal management, etc., and have achieved significant benefits, which have certain demonstration and promotion value.
Specialization and competitiveness. Specialized and special new enterprises adhere to the professional development strategy, focus on and deeply cultivate a certain link or a certain product in the industrial chain for a long time, form core competitiveness and market advantages, and have a high market share and brand influence.
Growth, great potential. Specialized and special new enterprises have strong growth and development potential, and can continuously expand the market space, improve the added value of products, enhance the ability to resist risks, and become a leader or "champion" in related fields.
3) The value of specialized, special and new enterprises.
Specialized and special new enterprises are an important force to promote high-quality economic development and build a new development pattern, and have the following values:
Enhance the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain. Specialized and special new enterprises can provide high-quality parts, components and supporting products for the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, or directly provide high value-added private label products to the market, improve the integrity and security of the industrial chain, and enhance the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain.
Fill the shortcomings and gaps in industrial development. Specialized, refined, special and new enterprises can focus on market segments, break through the bottlenecks of key technologies and products, fill the shortcomings and gaps in industrial development, improve the upgrading of the industrial base and the modernization of the industrial chain, and promote industrial upgrading and transformation.
Promote scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of achievements. Specialized, refined, special and new enterprises can increase R&D investment and technological transformation, improve the ability and level of independent innovation, develop new products, new technologies, new processes and new materials with independent intellectual property rights and market competitiveness, promote scientific and technological innovation and transformation of achievements, and enhance the vitality and efficiency of the national innovation system.
Increase employment and tax revenues. Specialized and special new enterprises can continuously expand their production scale and market share, increase jobs and tax revenue, contribute to social and economic development and improvement of people's livelihood, and promote social harmony and stability.
4) The status quo of specialized and special new enterprises.
In recent years, the state and local governments have introduced a series of policies and measures to support the development of specialized, special and new enterprises, and the quantity and quality of specialized and special new enterprises have grown rapidly, but they are also facing some problems and challenges, such as insufficient innovation ability, difficult financing and expensive financing, lack of talents, fierce market competition, etc., which restricts the further development of specialized and special new enterprises.
Second, the main problems and challenges faced by specialized and special new enterprises
1) Lack of innovation ability.
Innovation is the lifeline of specialized and special new enterprises, and it is also the core competitiveness of specialized and special new enterprises. However, due to the relatively small scale of specialized and special new enterprises, limited funds for R&D investment and technological transformation, the quantity and quality of R&D personnel and equipment are not high, the R&D management and guarantee mechanism is not sound, and the protection and transformation ability of innovation achievements is not strong, resulting in insufficient innovation ability of specialized and special new enterprises, it is difficult to keep up with market and technological changes, and it is difficult to form sustainable innovation advantages.
2) Financing is difficult and expensive.
Financing is an important support for specialized and special new enterprises, and it is also a common difficulty for specialized and special new enterprises. Due to the high operating risk, unstable financial situation, lack of collateral, imperfect credit record and insufficient information disclosure of specialized and special new enterprises, the financing channels of specialized and special new enterprises in the financial market are narrow, the financing costs are high, and the financing efficiency is low, which is difficult to meet the capital needs of specialized and special new enterprises, and affects the development speed and quality of specialized and special new enterprises.
3) Lack of talent.
Talent is an important resource for specialized, special and new enterprises, and it is also the key shortcoming of specialized and special new enterprises. Due to the low visibility and attractiveness of specialized and special new enterprises, the salary and benefits and career development space is not large, and the talent training and incentive mechanism is not perfect, resulting in the competitiveness of specialized and special new enterprises in the talent market is not strong, and it is difficult to attract and retain high-quality talents, especially high-level innovative talents, which restricts the improvement of innovation ability and professional level of specialized and special new enterprises.
4) Fierce market competition.
The market is an important stage for specialized, special and new enterprises, and it is also a severe test for specialized and special new enterprises. Due to the relatively single market positioning of specialized and special new enterprises, the high degree of homogeneity of products and services, the low influence of brand and word of mouth, and the weak ability of market development and expansion, the competitiveness of specialized and special new enterprises in the market is insufficient, it is difficult to resist the competitive pressure from home and abroad, it is difficult to seize the market opportunities and advantages, and the market share and profitability of specialized and special new enterprises are affected.
3. Policy support and incentive mechanism for specialized, special and new enterprises
In order to solve the problems and challenges faced by specialized, special and new enterprises and promote the healthy development of specialized and special new enterprises, the state and local governments have introduced a series of policy support and incentive mechanisms, mainly including the following aspects:
1) Fiscal and tax incentives.
The state and local governments have provided various forms of preferential fiscal and tax policies for specialized and special new enterprises, such as reduction and exemption of income tax, value-added tax, business tax, etc., increasing the proportion of additional deductions for R & D expenses, exempting tariffs and import taxes, etc., and giving certain financial subsidies, incentives, and interest discounts to specialized and special new enterprises, so as to reduce the operating costs of specialized and special new enterprises, increase the profitability of specialized and special new enterprises, and encourage specialized and special new enterprises to increase investment in innovation and development.
2) Financial support.
The state and local governments provide a variety of channels of financial support policies for specialized, special and new enterprises, such as the establishment of special projects, guidance, risk compensation, etc., to support specialized and special new enterprises to raise funds through equity financing, bond financing, crowdfunding financing, etc., to promote the listing, listing, and transfer of specialized and special new enterprises, and to guide financial institutions and social capital to provide credit, guarantees, and Insurance and other services, broaden the financing channels of specialized and special new enterprises, reduce the financing cost of specialized and special new enterprises, and improve the financing efficiency of specialized and special new enterprises.
3) Innovative services.
The national and local governments have provided various forms of innovation service policies for specialized and special new enterprises, such as the establishment of innovation platforms, innovation centers, innovation alliances, etc., to support specialized and special new enterprises to carry out technology research and development, technology transfer, technology trading and other activities, and to promote specialized and special new enterprises and universities, scientific research institutes, Large-scale enterprises carry out industry-university-research cooperation, guide specialized, special and new enterprises to participate in major national and local scientific and technological projects and plans, improve the innovation ability and level of specialized and special new enterprises, and enhance the protection and transformation ability of innovative achievements of specialized and special new enterprises.
4) Public services.
The state and local governments have provided various types of public service policies for specialized, refined, and new enterprises, such as the construction of public technical service platforms, public testing platforms, public training platforms, etc., to provide technical services, testing services, and training services for specialized, refined, and special new enterprises, so as to improve the product quality and performance of specialized, refined, and special new enterprises, improve the quality and ability of talents, and enhance the specialization and refinement level of specialized and special new enterprises.
5) Market development.
The state and local governments provide a variety of market development policies for specialized, special and new enterprises, such as the establishment of product catalogs, recommended lists, display platforms, etc., to provide specialized and special new enterprises with first-class procurement, first-class support, first-class recommendation and other services, promote specialized, special and new enterprises to participate in major national and local projects and projects, guide specialized, special and new enterprises to expand domestic and foreign markets, improve the brand and reputation of specialized, special and new enterprises, and enhance the market competitiveness and development potential of specialized, special and new enterprises.
Fourth, how to effectively use policy support and incentive mechanisms for specialized and special new enterprises
In order to effectively use policy support and incentive mechanisms, specialized and special new enterprises need to do the following:
1) Actively understand and apply for policies.
Specialized and special new enterprises should take the initiative to pay attention to the relevant policy documents and notices issued by the state and local governments, keep abreast of the content, conditions, procedures, and deadlines of the policies, choose the policies that are suitable for them according to their actual conditions, and actively apply for the qualifications and preferential treatment of the policies, and strive to obtain the maximum benefits of the policies.
2) Rational planning and use of policies.
Specialized and special new enterprises should reasonably plan and use policies according to their own development strategies and goals, combine policy support and incentives with their own innovation and development, match policy preferences and subsidies with their own inputs and outputs, coordinate policy services and guidance with their own needs and capabilities, and avoid blindly pursuing policies, or abusing policies, or relying on policies, so as to achieve a win-win situation for policies and enterprises.
c) Active participation and feedback on the policy.
Specialized and special new enterprises should actively participate in the formulation and implementation of policies, reflect their own needs and difficulties to the best departments and relevant institutions through various channels and methods, put forward their own opinions and suggestions, promote the improvement and optimization of policies, and increase the pertinence and effectiveness of policies. At the same time, specialized and special new enterprises should actively feedback the implementation and effect of the policy, report the implementation and results of the policy in a timely manner, fulfill the commitments and responsibilities of the policy in good faith, accept the supervision and evaluation of the policy, and improve the transparency and credibility of the policy.
V. Conclusion
Specialized and special new enterprises are an important force to promote high-quality economic development and build a new development pattern, and the national and local governments have introduced a series of policy support and incentive mechanisms to provide a strong guarantee and impetus for the development of specialized and special new enterprises. Specialized, special and new enterprises should make full use of policy support and incentive mechanisms to improve their own innovation capabilities and professional levels, enhance market competitiveness and development potential, and make greater contributions to national and local economic and social development.