At 3 p.m. on December 28, the National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter and health tips during the New Year's Day.
Mi Feng, spokesman of the National Health Commission, introducedWith the New Year's Day holiday approaching, the flow of people has increased, visiting relatives and friends, traveling, gatherings and dinners, etc., and the risk of respiratory disease transmission has increased. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring, early warning and risk assessment, timely grasp the epidemiological characteristics of different pathogens and changes in the pathogen spectrum, and dynamically issue health risk warnings. Do a good job in food safety risk monitoring and foodborne disease surveillance. It is necessary to increase the overall planning of medical resources, enrich the medical forces of outpatient and emergency, pediatrics, respiratory, and critical diseases, and strengthen the preparation of commonly used drugs, testing reagents, medical equipment, and admission beds in medical institutions. Fever clinics in hospitals at or above the second level and fever clinics in primary medical and health institutions should be set up and opened as much as possible. It is necessary to be strictly on duty, complete and strong forces, and strengthen the medical emergency rescue and handling work in extreme disasters such as low temperature, rain, snow, and freezing. Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases should enhance their awareness of self-protection, pay attention to cold protection and warmth, regular work and rest, seek medical attention in time when they feel unwell, and prevent the adverse effects of cold weather on health. Key venues such as schools, elderly care, childcare, and social welfare institutions, as well as places with confined spaces, should do a good job of personnel health monitoring, personal protection, ventilation and disinfection, and access management.
It is necessary to further do a good job in the management of health services for key populations such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, and patients with chronic underlying diseases, do a good job of daily health monitoring, and identify and intervene early when risks occur. During the festival, we should continue to adhere to good hygiene habits such as wearing masks scientifically, washing hands frequently, ventilating frequently, and maintaining social distancing, and advocate a healthy and civilized lifestyle such as reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and combining work and rest.
CDC:
jn.1 The variant may gradually develop into a domestic epidemic strain
Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Department of Infectious Disease Management of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that recently, jn1 Variants have risen rapidly around the world and have become the main epidemic strain, and the epidemic situation in some countries has risen relatively largely. At present, the situation of the new crown in our country is at a low level of epidemic, jnThe proportion of 1 variants is also relatively low, but it is also on the rise, and it is likely to gradually develop into a domestic epidemic strain.
jn.The 1 variant belongs to the Omicron variant, which is recently assessed by the World Health Organization based on the available evidencejn.1 The transmissibility and immune evasion of the variant are enhanced, but there is no evidence that it is more pathogenic. Moreover, previous infection and XBB vaccination have a cross-effect of immune protection, and the public health risk is predicted to be low.
Peng Zhibin said that the New Year's Day and Spring Festival holidays are approaching, the Spring Festival is about to begin, and the flow of people will rise sharply, and it is expected that the new crown epidemic in China may rebound to a certain extent. During the Spring Festival, the epidemic of new crown and other respiratory infections is likely to riseIn particular, it will increase the risk of severe disease and death in vulnerable people such as the elderly and patients with chronic underlying diseasesThis may put some pressure on the health care system in rural areas where the treatment capacity is relatively weak. Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to it, make careful arrangements, and make preparations in all aspects in advance.
In the next step, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention will continue to pay attention to the changes in the epidemic situation and epidemic strains abroad, and conduct timely monitoring, early warning and risk assessment.
A state in which multiple respiratory disease pathogens coexist
How long is it expected to last
Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Infectious Disease Management Department of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that since the beginning of winter, China's respiratory diseases have shown a trend of alternating or co-epidemic of multiple pathogens. Currently, judging by the monitoring results,Influenza viruses are the main pathogens of respiratory diseases, and most provinces have reached the peak of influenza epidemicsThis is followed by a gradual downward trend. The activity of pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial cells fluctuates at a low level, and the new crown epidemic is currently at a low level.
Peng Zhibin introduced that there are three main conditions for the epidemic of infectious diseases, including the source of infection, the route of transmission, and the susceptible population. Pathogens such as influenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus and other pathogens can be transmitted through respiratory droplets produced when the patient coughs or sneezes, and invades other susceptible populations, resulting in acute respiratory diseases. In winter, the climate is cold, doors and windows are closed in most cases, and the air mobility is relatively poor. In the cold season, the respiratory defenses are also reduced, which is one of the reasons for the spread of respiratory infections in winter and spring. The elderly, children and other populations, because of low immunity, are also people with a high incidence of respiratory diseases in winter and spring.
Low temperature can induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Strengthen protection for high-risk groups during the cold wave
Ji Xunming, chief physician of the stroke center of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, said that sudden changes in temperature can induce a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or lead to aggravation. In cold weather,Low temperature stimulation will cause vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, which will induce coronary ischemia, which will then lead to angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, usually manifested as chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath and other symptoms.
At the same time, low temperature can also induce the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, including increased blood pressure, cerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebrovascular rupture, and cerebral infarction caused by vasoconstriction, increased blood viscosity, and cerebral vascular occlusion, which is manifested as sudden facial paralysis, slurred speech, weakness of one limb, headache, dizziness, unsteady walking and other symptoms.
These cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are closely related to physiological reactions such as blood vessel constriction, blood volume changes, and blood pressure fluctuations. For example, myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction are both disorders caused by avascular necrosis of local tissues due to blockage of blood vessels.
So, during the cold wave,The elderly, heart patients, patients with high blood pressure, and people at high risk of stroke need to strengthen protection, pay attention to warmth, and avoid overwork and staying in cold weather for a long time. Once the above symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are found, you should call 120 emergency in time and go to the hospital for treatment.
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Editor-in-charge |Zhong Chunyu
Edit |Xiao Shibing