There are many causes of eye trauma and different treatments, and at the same time, some of the knee-jerk actions that people take after an eye injury are often wrong and can aggravate the condition. So, what are eye trauma?What should I do in case of emergency?
1. What are the eye traumas?What should I do in case of emergency?
Penetrating wounds
Most of the penetrating injuries are caused by direct stab injuries from children setting off firecrackers, knives, scissors, slingshots, glass, etc. It can cause damage or even prolapse of the tissues in the eye. In particular, corneal perforation caused by some foreign bodies will carry a large number of bacteria into the human eye, resulting in endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis and even intracranial infection, which is life-threatening.
Correct practice: Apply a cover of appropriate size, disinfect it with boiling water, etc., cover the protruding injured eye and bandage it, and quickly send it to the hospital for emergency treatment. At the same time, the casualty should avoid jolting and lowering the head as much as possible to prevent further prolapse of the eye contents.
Blunt trauma
Contusions, blows from fists, rocks and balls, falls, and traffic accidents are common causes of eye contusions. The periorbital tissues are rich in blood vessels, and the face is prone to subcutaneous bleeding and bruises due to blunt blows. In addition, the transmission of blunt force to the eyeball and bulb wall can also cause multiple indirect injuries, causing intraocular hemorrhage, orbital fracture, corneal and sclera rupture, retinal detachment, etc.
Correct practice: After eye contusion, cold compress should be applied first, 3 to 4 times a day;Warm compresses are started 48 hours after the bleeding stops, 3 to 4 times a day for 15 minutes. If you have emphysema at the corner of your bleeding eye, do not blow your nose. If you find that there is bleeding in the affected eye, or if the pain does not decrease or your vision deteriorates after taking the above measures, you should go to the hospital for a comprehensive examination in time.
Foreign body injuries
Eye foreign body injuries are also common. After the foreign body enters the eye, the injured eye has foreign body sensation, pain, photophobia, tearing, decreased vision, conjunctival hyperemia, etc., and in severe cases, corneal perforation.
What to do: Close your eyes quietly, and blink your eyes several times when there are more tears or after dropping eye drops, and foreign bodies may be flushed out of your eyes with tears or eye drops. If the symptoms do not disappear, send the foreign body to the eye hospital urgently.
Chemical injuries
The causative substances that cause chemical injuries to the eye are mainly divided into two categories: acids and alkalis, and the severity and consequences of the injuries are closely related to the nature and concentration of the chemical substances and the length of contact with the eyes. Different chemicals have different damaging effects when they get into the eye.
Correct approach: You must race against time to rinse the injured eye with a large amount of water or tap water, open the eyelids, rinse them clean, and then send the patient to the ophthalmology department of a major hospital or an ophthalmology specialist hospital for further treatment. If you have burns all over your body, you should also ask an ophthalmologist for eye first aid at the same time.
Once there is an eye burn, the patient should be given first aid in time and sent to the hospital in time, and do not delay the opportunity for various reasons.
2. Treatment of eye trauma
Eye trauma is generally divided into ** treatment according to the severity of the disease.
First-degree injuries are chemical, thermal, and toxic gas injuries, and patients with such injuries must save themselves as soon as possible. First of all, it is necessary to immediately get out of the environment where the injury occurred, and then find a water source that can be used nearby, such as tap water or mineral water, to rinse the eyeball thoroughly, and actively refer to a specialized hospital after rinsing and self-helping.
Secondary first aid refers to some of the more complex penetrating injuries, blunt trauma, foreign body injuries, and some orbital and optic nerve injuries. Such patients must pay attention to avoid secondary damage to the eyeball during the emergency treatment process (that is, during the referral process). Because after an injury, people will subconsciously cover the injured eye with their hands or a towel, but this practice can often lead to secondary damage to the eyeball.
Because after the eye injury, if the wound of the eyeball is squeezed with your hand or covered with a towel, on the one hand, it is easy to cause the contents of the eye to further prolapse, or bacteria enter the eye through the wound and lead to more serious complications.
For the third type (first), the first aid can be relatively calmly examined and **, such as corneal abrasions, eyelid abrasions, subconjunctival hemorrhage, etc.
The above introduces the emergency treatment method of eye trauma, the eye is the window of the soul, if there is a problem with the eye, it will seriously affect the daily work and life of the patient, we should also avoid the appearance of eye trauma in life, and also need to take emergency treatment measures after the occurrence of eye trauma, do not delay the time, to prevent the sequelae.