I. Introduction. As the world's largest fruit producer and consumer, China's fruit industry has always received great attention from all walks of life. In recent years, China's fruit industry has developed rapidly, and its output and scale are among the top in the world.
However, at this time, an unprecedented unsalable crisis swept the Chinese fruit market, resulting in a large backlog of high-quality fruits. This not only brought huge economic losses to many fruit farmers, but also made them cry helplessly.
The reason for this is that the imbalance between market supply and demand and the bottleneck constraints of the logistics system are key factors.
Second, the market imbalance leads to unsalable fruits.
The imbalance between supply and demand in the market is the most important reason for the unsalable fruits in China. Specifically, overcapacity, changes in consumption structure and information asymmetry have all led to the dislocation of supply and demand.
There is an obvious problem of overcapacity in China's fruit industry. In recent years, driven by agricultural technological progress and policy dividends, China's fruit planting area has expanded rapidly, and the output of various fruits has grown rapidly.
However, this growth comes more from the blind following and speculation of the main body of planting into the market, rather than the accurate judgment of market demand. As a result, there is a serious surplus of many fruits, and the market is oversupplied.
With the improvement of residents' consumption level, people's requirements for fruit quality and varieties are also changing. Organic food and imported fruits have become the new favorites, while domestic low-end fruits are difficult to cater to these emerging needs, resulting in an increase in unsalable. The contradiction between the upgrading of consumption structure and the oversupply of low-end is becoming increasingly prominent.
In the context of relatively backward information technology, the problem of information asymmetry in China's fruit market is prominent. Many fruit farmers do not have enough channels to understand the market dynamics, and are still blindly producing based on traditional experience, which is difficult to meet market demand, which undoubtedly aggravates the imbalance between supply and demand.
Third, the bottleneck of the logistics system restricts the circulation of fruits.
If market imbalances lead to overproduction of fruits, then bottlenecks in the logistics system become the main obstacle to the circulation and consumption of fruits. It is embodied in many aspects such as high logistics costs, low logistics efficiency, and insufficient cold chain logistics construction.
The perishable nature of fruit makes it more logistically demanding, but this often also means greater logistics costs.
A large number of small and medium-sized fruit farmers with limited financial resources can hardly afford high-end cold chain transportation, and can only choose cheap but inefficient ordinary transportation methods, which not only aggravates the loss and quality of fruits in transportation, but also greatly reduces the speed and timeliness.
Based on the reality of unbalanced regional development in China, there are great differences in logistics efficiency between different regions. In relatively developed areas, fruit logistics is fast and efficient, but in underdeveloped remote areas, poor infrastructure and auxiliary conditions make fruit transportation time, inefficient and high. This disparity severely restricts the access of fruits to the market in less developed regions.
At present, the development of cold chain logistics in China is still relatively weak, and there is a lot of room for improvement in both hardware facilities and management level. Especially for rural areas, the serious lack of cold chain logistics directly leads to the rotting and deterioration of a large number of local high-quality fruits, and the inability to enter the market in time. This undoubtedly aggravates the blockage of the entire fruit logistics system.
4. Recommendations. To sum up, the imbalance between market supply and demand and the bottleneck of the logistics system are the two key cruxes of unsalable Chinese fruits. In order to completely alleviate the plight of fruit farmers, we must not focus on the tears in front of us, but on the root cause.
Specifically, the following suggestions are worth noting:
First, the first department should increase the support for the transformation and upgrading of the fruit industry, and promote the fruit farmers to achieve large-scale operation, second, guide and encourage fruit farmers to adjust the planting structure according to market demand, and avoid blindly following the trend of expansion, third, the use of information technology to improve the level of refinement of fruit logistics, and vigorously develop cold chain logistics, fourth, reduce the burden of fiscal taxation, reduce the operating costs of fruit farmers.