With the accelerating pace of China's economic development, the frequency of upgrading in all walks of life has also increased significantly, and many brands are gradually declining.
Remember the first phone you used?I believe that 80% of people will answer Nokia, in the years when smart phones were not yet popular, the mobile phone market was Nokia's world, but what about now?Nokia has long since lost its place.
The same thing is happening in the automotive industry, where cars have become the norm in every home as people become more affluent.
Among all the car brands in China, the first to develop is Geely and Zotye, but unfortunately these two brands have finally embarked on diametrically opposite paths, Geely Automobile is developing better and better, and the founder Li Shufu is sitting on a net worth of 50 billion.
WhileYing Jianren, the founder of Zotye AutomobileIt is very different from that of the yearAnnual sales of 10 billionto the present dayDebt losses and even bankruptcy, Zotye AutomobileNotoriety
Ying Jianren. Today, let's talk about the story behind Zotye Automobile.
Ying Jianren. He was born in Yongkang, Zhejiang Province in 1962. Grandpa is a blacksmith, and his father and son inherit their father's business and are also blacksmiths, it stands to reason that Ying Jianren should also inherit his father's business as a blacksmith when he grows up.
In those days, those who could finish high school were basically considered highly educated people, so how could cultural people be willing to fight for a lifetimeNaturally, I want to go out and see the world.
In the face of the opposition of his grandfather and father, Ying Jianren did not stop doing anything, ran away from home directly, and broke into society.
After all, he is a young man who has just become an adult, and he doesn't dare to go too far from home, and his range of activities still revolves around Yongkang. Yongkang, famous throughout the countryThe capital of hardware, the pillar industry isHardware products, Ying Jianren wants to find a job in Yongkang, and the first choice is naturally the hardware industry.
As an apprentice and a small worker, fortunately, young people have a lot of strength and a flexible brain, Ying Jianren soon became proficient in this industry and has been working hard11 yearsFor a long time.
In 1992, Ying Jianren, who felt that the time was ripe, decided to come out on his ownGo it aloneRelying on the reputation that his father had accumulated among relatives and friends over the years, he successfully borrowed it from relatives80,000 yuan
With this money, Ying Jianren directly rented a warehouse and bought it4 punching machinesWith a decent production line, the small workshop was successfully built.
After 4 years of development, the small workshop becameYongkang Great Wall Hardware Factory, Ying Jianren changed and was upgraded to the factory director. But gradually, he found that the hardware factory was not enough for him to perform, and he wanted to become bigger and stronger.
made up his mind to do what he said, and in 1996, Ying Jianren and his wife were establishedIron Bull Group, the registered capital has been expanded100 million yuan
At that time, the registered company was not the same as now, the funds needed to be paid, and if 100 million yuan was written, the registered capital of 100 million yuan should be actually paid, which means that when Ying Jianren was 34 years old, he had become a billionaire, you must know that it was the nineties when 10,000 households were very popular, what is the concept of a billionaire.
In the nineties, the most famous domestic cars wereChanghe AutomobileAlthough it is said that it is a domestic car, all the important spare parts are imported from Japan.
As a small oneAuto parts supplier, Ying Jianren naturally knew how big the profit margin was, and he also wanted to be able to join it and get a piece of the pie, so he spent a lot of money and specially invited relevant experts to conduct research.
Finally, after 3 years, we broke through various technical difficulties and produced the iron bull top cover, which not only got a large order from Changhe Automobile, but also obtained the stateKey New Product Award
If it is said that when the Tieniu Group was first established, Ying Jianren was still in a state of confusion about the future development of the company, then with the birth of the Tieniu top cover, he was no longer satisfied with making auto parts, and he had already understood his ultimate development directionHe's going to build cars.
In fact, Ying Jianren's idea is notFoolish dreamsIn the late nineties to the beginning of the twentieth century, it was the time when China's economy took off, with the continuous development of the economy, people's living standards have been significantly improved, and the automobile market has begun to develop in a blowout.
When you see that the automotive industry hasSuch high demand and profitsAfter that, Ying Jianren couldn't sit still anymore, and he also wanted to swim in the car-making industry, immediately.
But it's notPPT to build a carLight painting flatbreadIt is not possible to produce the car, let alone watch the staff of the Tieniu Group produce some roof plates, frames and sheet metal parts, and then assemble them into cars. If you want to build a car, the biggest difficulty is still hereengine and transmissionThis type of technically demanding components.
How, exactly?Ying Jianren didn't know what to do for a while. After all, although the production of special hardware and frames for automobiles, Tieniu Group is its strength, but these bulky and untechnical accessories are oneHardware factory, can be made**Not far from tenand, most importantly, stillGearbox, instrumentation equipmentThis kind of thing.
I have to say that Ying Jianren's luck is still very good.
When he was at a loss, he heard that in Huangshan, Anhui Province, specializing in the production of automobile instruments and motorsState-owned enterprise Jinma GroupBecause of poor management, the performance has declined sharply, and it has been reduced"ST Golden Horse".In order not to be delisted, Jinma has been looking for opportunities to restructure.
Isn't it drowsiness that meets a pillow?So in April 2003, Ying Jianren used the two companies of Tieniu Group and Hardware Factory to undertake the debts of Jinma Group, and at the same time transferred Jinma Jinbecame the actual controlling shareholder of Golden Horse.
This was the first listed company acquired by Ying Jianren, and although it was not clear at the time, it played a significant role 13 years later.
In 2003, Zotye Holding Group was established, and Ying Jianren was the major shareholder of the company, but this time he did not become the chairman, but handed over Zotye to his brother-in-law Wu Jianzhong, and became the boss behind the scenes.
At that time, Ying Jianren had a very clear idea of the future development of his business, and he used Zotye Holding Group to control two wholly-owned subsidiaries, and Zotye Automobile Manufacturing Company was in chargeManufacture of conventional cars, while Zotye New Energy Automobile Company is responsible for research and developmentNew energy vehicles.
After some preparations were made, Ying Jianren learned that there was one in Taiwan ProvinceToyota Terui's production line was launched**, which is simply for Zotye Group, which knows nothing about car manufacturingPie in the skyAs long as you buy Toyota's production line, you can go directly to production, and even skip research and developmentSave time, money and effort
So, Ying Jianren specially flew to Taiwan Province, and after a confrontation between you and me, at an ideal price, the production line of Toyota Terui was successfully packaged together with equipment, molds and professional and technical personnel.
In 2005, the vehicle manufacturing plant of Zotye Automobile was officially put into operation, and Ying Jianren was gearing up to wait for Zotye Automobile to appear on the road.
It was also at this moment that Ying Jianren, who had a new goal, began his debut in the capital market.
Although Zotye Automobile did not obtain a license for vehicle production at that time, these were not a big problem for Ying Jianren.
In January 2006, Zotye Automobile, which was affiliated with Chengdu Xindadi Automobile Company, launched its first model"Zotye 2008".
In October of the same year, after learning that Tongfeng Group, a listed state-owned enterprise in Anhui, wanted to find new investors for asset restructuring after the failure of the management buyout, Ying Jianren invested 80 million yuan in the name of Tieniu Group and obtained 60% of the equity of Tongfeng Group, thus becoming the actual controller of Tongfeng Electronics.
At this time, Ying Jianren won two shell companies in the A** field through two acquisitions.
But he didn't make any moves, but lay silently dormant, waiting for an even better moment.
In the days that followed, Zotye focused on automobile manufacturing.
2008, by virtue of"As long as 18,000, Alto will drive home".ofUltra-low price**means, all of a sudden, have a place in the country.
As the cheapest scooter in China, Alto sold 30,000 units as soon as it was listed, and Ying Jianren, who relied on low prices to start the market, felt that he was a genius.
If it is a normal person, after the group has made a name, should it make persistent efforts, continue to develop and launch the second and third models to consolidate its market position?
But Ying Jianren is not a normal person, he is a"Genius".Ah, how can a genius waste time and money on R&D?Directly"Copying".Isn't it good, just like that, after the blockbuster, Zotye embarked on a dark and swarthy road of "copying".
In 2013,Zotye T600Coming out, the styling of this car is copied from the Touareg and Audi Q5, the front of the car is the Volkswagen Touareg, and the body is Audi Q5, which is only a fraction of the Audi Q5Less than 100,000 yuan can be won。As a result, once it was listed, it was immediately coaxed by consumers.
In 2016, Zotye SR9 was launched, this one is even more powerful, from the inside to the outside from top to bottom all 1 to 1 copy Porsche MACAN, I have heard of a copycat mobile phone, this is the first time I have seen it"Knock-off cars".
It is said that at a later auto show, the CEO of Porsche specially walked to the booth of Zotye and took a serious look at this one with the expression of a subway grandfather looking at his mobile phoneZotye SR9
With the outflow of this **,Zotye "Baoshitai".The fame of the automobile industry has completely resounded.
At that time, there was still such a joke circulating on the Internet, other automobile companies have R&D departments, and Zotye only needs to set up a tape measure department to measure the size data of other brand models, and help Zotye shine in the industry after coming back.
In the face of the ridicule of netizens, Ying Jianren was not ashamed, but proud.
Ying Jianren was in an interview"Righteous and stern words".Ground indicates:Zotye adopts the "take-it-or-leave-it" doctrine, through the introduction of foreign technology and models, so as to complete the rapid development of the enterprise, which is also the biggest feature of their integrated operation.
I have to say that this concept is really a bit difficult to accept, how thick does this have to be to say plagiarism so beautifully?Of course, it is also relying on this set of "take-it-or-leave-it" doctrine that Zotye Auto has been making great progress all the way and going further and further in the automotive industry.
At the same time as the success of traditional automobiles, the new energy vehicles laid out by Ying Jianren have also gained a wave of gains after the subsidy policy was launched with the country's emphasis on new energy.
In 2014, Zotye's revenue was as high as 6.6 billion yuan, of which the net profit was1.8.1 billionBy 2015, revenue had doubled137.4.5 billion, the net profit has increased to9.0.9 billion
In this way, it is not very powerful, but in fact, in the two years of growth, the new energy subsidies given by the state to Zotye were4.4.3 billionwith11.4.1 billion
If these two subsidies are removed, the seemingly beautiful Zotye Automobile is actually a loss.
Ying Jianren understands that relying on the company's performance, which is not outstanding at all, he wants to complete itipoBasically, it isFoolish dreams, Ying Jianren, who had lost his patience, decided to close the net.
He first resigned as chairman of Zotye Auto in 2015 and handed it over to his nephewJin ZheyongTop. In 2016, he sacrificed the big killer weapon he had been planning for many years.
Jin ZheyongIn January 2016, Tongfeng Electronics to:45.300 millionLaunched the restructuring plan and acquired the Tieniu GroupZhuocheng Zhaoye。In March, Jinma issued an announcement to:11.6 billionYuan acquired Zotye Automobile held by shareholders such as Jin Zheyong and Tieniu Group100% equityBefore that, Jinma shares had been suspended for more than half a year.
So far, all the shares of Zotye have been transferred to Tieniu Group, and Tieniu has become the sole shareholder of Zotye. Although this means looks like it isLeft hand to right hand, the actual controlling person has changed back and forth is Ying Jianren, but Ying Jianren feels that his trick is very high and perfectThe suspicion of backdoor listing was avoided, and you can cash out for nothing2 billion, with inflated goodwill to become a real listed company.
But how can this kind of money-making game that can be seen by a discerning person at a glance escape the eyes of the Securities Regulatory Commission.
You know, the market value of Golden Horse shares is only32.7.4 billion, but to acquire11.6 billionof Zotye cars, this kind"The snake swallows the elephant".In the case of mergers and acquisitions, who believes that there is no greasy inside. And Zotye Auto's net worth is obviously only2.2 billion, this premiumMany acquisitions also caused great controversy at the time.
In the end, it still hit the Securities and Futures Commission"The strictest new backdoor rules in history".On the muzzle of the gun, the chicken that almost became a model for the killed chicken.
Seeing that this plan did not work, Ying Jianren did not choose to give up, but found another way to continue to attack the listing.
He directly ordered the Tieniu Group to use it6 billionThe ** will be in the hands of Jin Zheyong and others in the hands of Zotye sharesAll acquired back, making Tieniu Group the only major shareholder of Zotye, and it will continue to be the largest shareholder after that11.6 billionThe valuation of Zotye was originally the controlling shareholder of Jinma, and after the acquisition of Zotye, there will be no change in the shareholders, that's allThere is no backdoor listingOne said.
This time, Zotye Auto has finally been successfully listed. This is also Ying Jianren's cleverness, not only bypassing the new regulations formulated by the Securities Regulatory Commission, but also helping Jin Zheyong to cash out5 billion, 3 billion more than the previously envisaged 2 billion.
Since Zotye Automobile was injected into the listed company, Jinma has changed its name to Zotye Automobile, coupled with the popularity of new energy vehicles, the market value of Zotye Automobile has been estimated11.6 billion yuanSoared to29 billionAt that time, it was praised by the British Times as "will lead in the field of new energy vehicles in the world".
And Ying Jianren himself also walked onThe pinnacle of life, doneDeepening wealth creation, personal assets up to14 billion, ranked in the Hurun rankings239th place
If the story ends here, then maybe Zotye Auto and Ying Jianren can live happily together like a fairy tale. It's a pity that reality is not a fairy tale.
After tasting the sweetness of cashing out, Ying Jianren began to work hard in this direction. First in 2018, Tieniu Group to:1.100 million** bought a piece of land in Yongkang, and then took it again2.700 millionThe ** was sold to Zotye Automobile, and he was the middleman who made money from it1.600 million price difference
Of course, the CSRC could not easily approve this speechless approach, so Ying Jianren signed a VAM agreement, which stated that from 2016 to 2018, Zotye Auto must be completed in three consecutive yearsA certain amount of VAM profits, the part that cannot be completed needs to be made up by Tieniu Group with its own shares in Zotye.
As a result, it was not completed once every three years, which required Tie Niu to make up for it. But who is Ying Jianren, he had already expected it, and pledged all the shares of Tieniu Group in advance"Dead pigs are not afraid of boiling water".The appearance of the .
After it dragged on to 2020, without the new energy subsidy given by the first class, it became more and more difficult for Zotye to make ends meet, and soon it was rumored in the market that Zotye was going to enter the bankruptcy reorganization procedure due to insolvency.
In the face of such negative news in the market, Tieniu Group naturally denied it vigorously, and the official went down to refute the rumors. As a result, it barely lasted a few months, and at the end of 2020, the court ruled:Tieniu Group was seriously insolvent and had no ability to continue operations, so it lost the possibility of salvation, terminated the reorganization procedure of Tieniu Group, and officially declared bankruptcy.
Tie Niu said that bankruptcy is bankrupt, not only the debts owed are written off, but even the profits from gambling with listed companies are all gone.
In March 2021, Ying Jianren and Jin Zheyong resigned from Zotye, and Zotye Auto was finally reducedstThe shareholders can only wait for the new savior to bring Zotye out of the fire pit.
Starting from 80,000 yuan and achieving a business empire of tens of billions, Ying Jianren is still very smart as a businessman. Some netizens once said that if Ying Jianren can build a car wholeheartedly, he can't really lead Zotye to become a new one"Domestic light"., it's a pity that there is no if.
With the bankruptcy of Tieniu Group, Ying Jianren's clearance-style escape made people have to speculate, perhaps, he had long known that Tieniu had fallen to such an end today, and he would soar in the capital market and cash out wildly.
He injected the assets of the Tieniu Group into Zotye at a high premium, cashed out, and even signed a VAM agreement that he knew he couldn't do, just to squeeze the last drop of Zotye's blood.
In an interview, Dong Mingzhu once said:
If a good business wants to prosper for a long time, the biggest challenge comes from itself. In the process of development, enterprises should keep in mind their mission, not only to achieve profits, but also to reflect their social responsibility.As an entrepreneur, the minimum professional ethics is to keep in mind your sense of social responsibility and mission. And Ying Jianren seems to have never had this kind of awareness.