Three minutes to talk about culture
In 1946, when the US special envoy Marshall mediated the armistice between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he warned Chiang Kai-shek not to act rashly and start a civil war based on the analysis of American think tanks. Marshall said that once the fight starts, the national ** financial support will be at most half a year. At the beginning of the civil war in 1946, a large number of national industries and businesses in the Kuomintang-ruled areas had collapsed, with 75% of more than 3,400 factories in Shanghai, half of the factories in Wuhan and Kunming out of business, and more than 80% of the factories in Chongqing. Henan, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hubei, Fujian, and Suiyuan were hit by catastrophic natural disasters, and more than 30 million people were on the verge of starvation, while 40% of cultivated land in Hunan and Guangdong was abandoned, and 30% in Henan.
It was originally planned to requisition 88 million stone of grain, but by the end of October, only 2 million stone was levied, which was 23%。Finance Minister Yu Hongjun reported to the Legislative Yuan on June 8, 1946From January to May this year, the fiscal expenditure was 15 trillion yuan, with an income of only 25 billion yuan. From July to August, the monthly military and political expenses increased to 1 trillion yuan, and the various revenues were only 175 billion yuan (including US aid), and the deficit reached seven times. During this period, 65% of the fiscal deficit was paid for by inflation and 10% by selling reserves**, US dollars. As a result, by 1947, it was heavily indebted and could only issue more money, which led to skyrocketing prices.
The economic crisis in 1947 was even worse. Famine in many provinces, large areas of arable land are barren, 60% in Jiangsu, 1 3 in Anhui, and 1 3 in Hunan. According to the minimum demand, there is a shortage of 60 million quintals of rice and 56 million quintals of wheat. In 1947, the national fiscal revenue was 14 trillion yuan, the total expenditure was 43 trillion yuan, and the deficit was 29 trillion yuan, accounting for 70% of the total expenditure. In 1946 the amount of money issued was 37 trillion, which soared to 33 trillion in 47 years, about 10 times the circulation in 1946. 100 yuan of fiat currency, you can buy a cow in 1937, a fish or 2 eggs in 1945, 1 6 solid soap in 1946, and a briquette in 1947. 2 3 of the banknotes issued were used directly for military spending.
On May 30, 1947, when he was fighting guerrilla warfare with Hu Zongnan in northern Shaanxi, he pointed out: "Chiang Kai-shek, who was the enemy of the whole people, has now found himself surrounded by the whole people", and the facts have proved that "Chiang Kai-shek's strength is only temporary, superficial, and this is actually a foreign power and a cadre in the middle." Its future is bound to be the betrayal of the people and the annihilation of the whole army. From July 21 to 23, when the "Xiaohe Conference" in northern Shaanxi was held, he said to the leaders of the meeting, Yang Shangkun, Ma Mingfang, Zhang Zongxun, Zhang Jingwu, etc., "The struggle against Chiang is planned to be resolved in five years, but it is necessary to prepare a five-year and ten-year plan."