It's the physical examination season again **Examination is an indispensable part of the physical examination of female friends, what are the details that need attention?
Today, Benkang invited experts from East China Sanatorium to provide it to female friends**Physical examination strategy
Medical Advisor
East China Sanatorium.
* Zhou Xiaohui (Director).
Wu Chenyu. 
**CheckIt is an indispensable part of the physical examination of female friendsThe focus of the examination varies depending on the age group, come and take thisPhysical examination strategy for women of all agesbar
Minor Special
Adolescence (10-19 years).
Puberty usually begins at the age of 10 and begins with breast development, accelerated physical growth, and then the first menstrual periods, which take about 4-5 years.
** Examination of adolescent girlsThe content usually includes the following aspects:
Ask aboutMenstruation, dysmenorrhea, contraceptionand other problems, if necessary, do ** inspection,Evaluate *** officerIf it is normal, an ultrasound can also be done to assess the development of internal organs and provide relevant advice and guidance.
A physical examination may also involve:Height and weight measurements, breast examsetc., which can help to determine whether the growth and development are normal.
The frequency of adolescent check-ups should be individualizedIt is generally recommended to have a full medical check-up once a year
InThe initial stage of pubertyMenstrual cycles can often be irregular, passedIt gradually becomes normal in about 2-4 years, mainly in the early stage, the function of the reproductive endocrine axis is not fully mature, and after gradually maturing and establishing regular periodic ovulation, menstruation gradually normalizes.
AdolescenceCauses of menstrual irregularitiesIt is also necessary to rule out inflammation, tumors, injuries, pregnancy, and systemic diseases.
It should be noted thatIf you are 16 years old and have no menstrual periods, you need to go to the hospital for a check-upto rule out dysplasia of the reproductive tract.
General Basics
Women who have had sexual intervals, **Check the mainThere are four items
**Check(**Cervix & **Internal Examination).
Cervical cancer screening(HPV test and cervical cytology).
**Secretion test(Leucorrhea routine, plus culture of specific pathogens if necessary).
Ultrasonography(Trans** or abdominal or rectal ultrasound to understand the lesions of the cervix, uterine body, endometrium, ovaries, etc.).
The above basically covers routine screening of the uterus, ovaries and lower genital tract.
Advanced for all ages
For women of different ages, the content of the examination has its own emphasis, and it is okayAdd items as appropriate
Childbearing period (20-49 years).
Reproductive periodYesPeople with a high incidence of common diseases such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and adenomyosis
Also susceptibleInflammation of the reproductive tract, infertility, recurrent miscarriages, sexually transmitted diseasesEvenMalignancyand other diseases.
In addition to the above routine** inspection items, yes:Supplement as appropriate
Fertility assessment(estrogen E, progesterone P, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone T, prolactin (PRL), and anti-Millerian hormone (AMH), etc.);
Tumor markers(serum carbohydrate antigen CA125, CA199, human epididymal protein HE4, squamous cell carcinoma antigen SCCA, alpha-fetoprotein AFP, carcinoembryonic antigen CEA, etc.);
Infectious Disease Series(hepatitis B, hepatitis C, etc.), if necessaryAdjunctive CT or pelvic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Examination to determine the extent of the lesion.
WhileFor women with abnormal cervical cancer screening, according to the results of the corresponding treatment, if necessary, recommendationsFurther microscopic evaluation, cervical biopsy and even cervical circumferential resection (LEEP) to determine the nature and extent of cervical lesions.
Menopausal transition (around 50 years old).
Menopausal transitionIt refers to the period from the beginning of ovarian function decline to 1 year after menopauseIt generally occurs around the age of 50 and can start around the age of 40 and end after the age of 50There are some individual differences.
At this time, estrogen secretion decreases, and women are prone to itMenopausal syndromes such as hot flashes, sweating, depression, irritability, insomnia, etcsymptoms.
During this period, women's physiology and psychology underwent great changesIt is the most common age for tumors, and regular physical examinations should be done every year
During this period, the supporting tissues and ligaments in the body are relaxedProne to uterine prolapse and stress urinary incontinence, levator ani exercises should be performed to strengthen the support of pelvic floor tissues.
Specific inspections include:
Routine ** checksThere are **, cervical, internal examination, **secretion examination, HPV detection and cervical cytology examination, ultrasound examination, hematological tumor indicators, etcScreening** for malignancy
Blood draws to see itFemale hormone levels, amh to understandOvarian function, detectionBone densityto understand osteoporosis, etc.
This issueAbnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is of particular concern, endometrial disease, cervical lesions, and even tubo-ovarian lesions should be excluded in addition to bleeding associated with ovarian hypofunction.
Doctors based on the condition of the endometrium as shown on ultrasoundSectional diagnostic curettage and, if necessary, hysteroscopy, may be recommendedto rule out endometrial lesions.
ForPatients with a high suspicion of malignancyBlood is drawn for tumor markers, and CT or MRI is done if necessary to assist in diagnosis.
Postmenopausal and old age
PostmenopausalRefers to the period after 1 year after the complete cessation of menstruationGenerally, it begins at the age of 50, and after the age of 60, the body gradually ages and enters old age
At this time, estrogen levels are low, and the first organ is further atrophied and aged, and it is easy to suffer from various diseasesThere are atrophic **inflammation, uterine prolapse and bladder, rectocele, **tumor, lipid metabolism disorder, cognitive dysfunction, etcï¼›Caused by disorders of bone metabolismOsteoporosis, prone to fractures.
YesRegular physical exams, alert to the occurrence of ** malignant tumors;EspeciallyAny postmenopausal** bleeding should be checked by the hospital, including routine ** examination, hematological tumor indicators, blood glucose and lipids, body mass index, bone density test, etc.
As people age, some women will develop this periodPelvic floor dysfunction diseases such as uterine prolapse, **wall prolapse, urinary incontinenceetc., if necessaryThe pelvic floor clinic performs pelvic floor ultrasound, urodynamics, and pelvic floor MRIto diagnose early and intervene in time to improve quality of life.
Special Circumstances
Women with no sexual history:Do not do **examination and trans**ultrasoundYesTransabdominal or rectal ultrasound
Menstrual periodsAvoid doing **, urine, stool routine and trans**ultrasound, yesDo transabdominal ** color ultrasound, wait for the menstrual period to be clean and then perform ** examination.
Women who are trying to become pregnant or pregnantPlease inform the medical staff in advanceIt is forbidden to do radioactive items such as DR photography, CT scan, bone density, and carbon-14 testing
Editor: Xu Yuelin Information: Hu Xiaokang WeChat***
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