As the terminator of China's feudal dynasties, the Qing Dynasty inherited the Sui Dynasty's three-province and six-ministry system, but there were notable exceptions in the setting of military departments. This system gradually took shape in the course of historical evolution, and in order to rule the vast territory, the Jurchens adopted the ingenious configuration of Manchu and Han Shangshu. This article will delve into the special setting of the Qing Dynasty's military department and unravel the mystery of power between the Manchu and Han military departments.
The six departments of the Qing Dynasty were equipped with two Shangshu, including one from each of the Manchu and Han dynasties, and this layout ran through the important positions of the Qing Dynasty, forming a situation of double matching between the Manchus and the Hans. At first, the Later Jin period was not a Manchu and Han dynasty, but with the expansion of Jurchen territory and the increase in the number of surrenderers, it was difficult to rule the whole of China by relying only on the strength of the Jurchen people.
In order to balance the relations between the various ethnic groups, especially the Han and Mongols, the Jurchens set up a large number of positions identical to those of the Manchus. The Eight Banners system includes the Manchurian Eight Banners, the Mongolian Eight Banners, and the Han Eight Banners, and the princes and nobles are also divided into three categories: Manchu, Mongolian, and Han. Even at the end of the Qing Dynasty, King Dawuti of Kucha, as the princess of the Qing Dynasty, remained a representative of ethnic minorities and currently resides in Kuqa, Xinjiang.
In the six divisions of the late Qing Dynasty, the Manchu Shangshu and the Han Shangshu each occupied a place, forming a system unique to the Qing Dynasty. In addition, the Qing Dynasty also set up a special group of military ministers, that is, local governors. The governor and governor were the representatives of the feudal officials, and the governor was usually awarded the title of "Shangshu of the Military Department" and "Imperial History of the Right Capital of the Inspectorate", and was promoted to the rank of Congyipin. Some senior governors, such as Li Hongzhang, may have been awarded the title of "University Scholar", which is a genuine product.
Therefore, nationwide, there are often more than one person at the same time in the military department of the local governor and the rank of military secretary. However, this raises the question: who has the final say in so many military department books?
In the Ministry of War, the real role is played by the Manchu Ministry of War, which is responsible for ordnance, military orders and other affairs. In comparison, the real power of the Han military department Shangshu is relatively small, and it is more like an honorary title. Due to the wariness of the Manchus towards the Han Chinese, the Manchus were more trusted.
As for the military department secretary with the rank of governor, it was not to manage the military department, but to grasp the control power of the green camp army under its jurisdiction. The Qing Dynasty had a large number of troops distributed locally, mainly including the Eight Banners and the Green Battalion. Managed by the Manchus, the Eight Banners were the most trusted army of the Qing rulers and the bottom line of the armed forces.
The Green Camp was mainly composed of Han Chinese, who provided support for the Eight Banners. The chief officer of the green battalion in each province is the admiral, although he is a military attache with a slightly lower status, but the admiral still has considerable prestige as a high-ranking **. However, if the governor does not add the rank of secretary of the military department, he will not be as good as the commander, and it will be difficult to have a reason to transfer the green battalion army under the governor's jurisdiction.
And with the title of the secretary of the military department, although it is a false title, the admiral must obey the dispatch of the military department, so that the governor has the actual control of the green battalion army. This strategy skillfully established a balance of power between the Manchus and Hans, ensuring the stability of the Qing regime.
Through an in-depth analysis of the Qing Dynasty's military department, we not only reveal the political wisdom behind the Manchu and Han Shuangshang book system, but also understand how this special system played a role in reconciling the relationship between various ethnic groups in feudal society. The configuration of the military department of the Qing Dynasty was not only an arrangement of administrative institutions, but also a manifestation of political wisdom, which provides a new perspective for us to understand the political evolution of Chinese feudal society.
The Manchu and Han Shuangshangshu system set up by the Qing Dynasty's military headquarters was a major feature of China's feudal history, a political arrangement that not only reflected the complex ethnic relations in feudal society, but also demonstrated the skillful use of political wisdom by the rulers. The article provides an in-depth analysis of this phenomenon and explains the reasons and effects behind it from multiple perspectives.
First, the article mentions the origins of the Manchu and Han Shuangshang book system. In the process of gradually expanding the territory of Jurchen rule, in order to balance the relationship between various ethnic groups, especially between Han and Mongol, the Jurchens adopted the same post setting as the Manchus. This ingenious political maneuver enabled the Qing regime to maintain relative stability in a large multi-ethnic state, preventing inter-ethnic conflicts.
Secondly, the article mentions the common phenomenon of the Qing Dynasty's six books configuring double Shangshu. This layout was not limited to the military department, but ran through the entire political system of the Qing Dynasty. The setting of the Manchu and Han Shuangshangshu is not only an administrative arrangement, but also a trade-off in the appointment of **, which reflects the flexible response of the Qing Dynasty regime in ethnic relations. This configuration creates a relative political balance that ensures checks and balances between the various ethnic groups.
In addition, the article also mentions the military department Shangshu with the title of local governor and its thrifting effect on the Green Camp Army. Through this measure, the Qing regime actually skillfully concentrated the control of the local army in the hands of the military department Shangshu, providing an effective means for the ** regime to maintain local order and consolidate its rule. This strategy reflects the ingenuity of the Qing regime in dealing with local relations.
Finally, the article points out the actual authority of the Manchu military department Shangshu in the military department. The Manchu military department was responsible for presiding over military affairs, while the Han military department was more like an honorary title. This phenomenon once again highlighted the high vigilance of the Qing Dynasty in relation to Manchu-Han relations, and ensured the stability of feudal rule by giving the Manchus more real power.
In general, the Qing Dynasty's military department, the Manchu and Han Shuangshangshu system is a unique and complex political phenomenon in China's feudal history. Through in-depth analysis, the article not only reveals the historical reasons behind it, but also interprets the important role of this phenomenon in maintaining the rule of the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of political wisdom. This political arrangement has left a far-reaching historical imprint on the political evolution of China's feudal society, which is worthy of our in-depth consideration and development.
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