In "Yongzheng Dynasty", after the death of Emperor Kangxi, fierce battles broke out among the princes in Changchun Garden, questioning the established fact that Kangxi passed the throne to Yinzhen on his deathbed. Immediately afterwards, Long Keduo, the governor of the Nine Gates, read out the edict of Emperor Daxing: "Yinzhen, the fourth son of the emperor, is a noble person, and he is very similar to me, and he will definitely be able to successfully inherit the unification." It is hereby ordered that the throne be passed to the fourth son of the emperor Yinzhen immediately, and do not disobey it!”
Yu Shi happened to hold a copy of Emperor Kangxi's edict in his hand, the full text of which was about 1,300 words, of which passing the throne to Yinzhen was only one of the ends of the edict.
The edict of Kangxi's succession to the throne has been controversial since ancient times, but this is not the focus of the discussion in the imperial history's article. In the edict, Emperor Kangxi specifically mentioned Prince Li and instructed future emperors to protect the bloodline of Prince Li's family. The original text is as follows:
The descendants of Emperor Taizu's son, Prince Li, are now safe and sound, and if you can be prudently preserved, I will also pass away peacefully. Prince Yong, the emperor's fourth son, Yinzhen, is a noble character, quite like a bow, and will be able to be the unification. It is hereby ordered that after I ascend the throne and become the emperor, follow the ** system, continue to mourn for 27 days, lift the mourning and issue a proclamation, so that it will be widely known at home and abroad. ”
In November of the 56th year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi was sick again and dictated his wish to the Manchu and Han ministers. Five years later, Kangxi died, and the edict was deleted and abridged on this basis.
In the edict, Kangxi summarized and evaluated his life, and on the whole, Kangxi did not use too much flowery rhetoric, but stated the facts with a realistic attitude. In expressing his heart for his efforts, he chose to use careful wording, without any hint of exaggeration or pretentiousness.
The edict of the Daxing Emperor was extremely sacred, and according to the specifications, the emperor would make a brief evaluation of his life, point out the problems that existed during his reign, and announce the candidate for the prince. Few emperors specifically told future generations to take care of a certain prince in their edicts.
So why did Kangxi order the Prince of Mingli?Did Yongzheng and his descendants follow Kangxi's instructions and take care of Prince Li's family?
Prince Dai Shan was the most prestigious of the sons of Taizu Nurhachi. After Nurhachi's death, Daishan and the other Beylers elected Huang Taiji to succeed the Khan.
At the time of his death, Nurhachi did not leave a testament to the throne. According to the situation at the time, the Great Beledesan had a wealth of experience and outstanding military exploits. He holds two red flags and is strong. If he chooses to stand up and compete, it may not be so easy for Huang Taiji to ascend to the throne.
Known for his benevolence, Dai Shan understood that his talent was inferior to that of Huang Taiji, and that the Later Jin regime needed a strong leader to lead them out of their predicament. He showed the selflessness of the Grand Duke, and thus won the respect of the princes of the clan.
During the reign of Huang Taiji, Dai Shan was repeatedly subjected to political shocks. After the sudden death of Emperor Taiji, there was a vacuum of supreme power, and Hauge and Dorgon were locked in a standoff. Again, Dai Shan stepped forward, maintained the overall situation, and supported the six-year-old Fu Lin to ascend the throne.
In the first year of Shunzhi, the young emperor Fulin issued an edict that the prince did not need to bow to the court. However, at this time, it was Prince Rui Dolgon who held the real power, and in the early years of Shunzhi, Daishan's life was not quiet, and he was forced to retreat into the background until his death in the fifth year of Shunzhi. The title of Prince Li passed to the seventh son, Mandahai, and was renamed Prince Xun.
When Kangxi succeeded to the throne, the ancestors of the kings who founded the Qing Dynasty were basically no longer alive, and the hereditary princes of the second and third generations had long been immersed in the prosperous life of the capital, and there were few outstanding talents among them.
In the early days of the rebellion of the three feudatories, Emperor Kangxi led the armies of the kings to quell the rebellion with little effect, and only two princes, Prince An Yue Le and Prince Kang Jieshu, performed well and became trustworthy and important talents.
Prince An Yue Le is the grandson of Nurhachi and Kangxi's cousin. Although Yue Le excelled in military affairs, Kangxi had always been cautious about him and did not dare to give him power easily.
Prince Kang Jieshu is the grandson of Dai Shan, who inherited the title of Prince Li in the Shunzhi Dynasty, and succeeded Prince Kang for the crimes of Man Dahai and Chang Adai father and son. Although the title is a little confusing, in general, whether it is Prince Xun or Prince Kang, they are essentially Prince Li.
Jieshu can be said to be one of the most outstanding princes of the Kangxi Dynasty. During the rebellion of the three feudatories and the pacification of Taiwan, he served as a general and was responsible for coordinating military affairs, especially after the pacification of Taiwan, Jieshu's status reached its peak. In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi, Jieshu died, and his title was inherited by his fifth son, Chuntai.
The historical records about Chuntai are relatively limited, and there is only a very simple description in the "Qing Historical Manuscript": "Chuntai is open-minded and generous, and he is lenient when encountered." Good at dancing Liuhe gun, agile technique, can defeat more than a dozen people. From these texts, we can preliminarily infer that Tsubaki was also a man of great military talent, but he did not live long enough and died at the age of 27.
In the Kangxi Dynasty, Prince Li's family made the most outstanding contribution to the founding kings, coupled with the merits of Daishan's two supports, making Prince Li the leader among the founding kings. This also explains the reason why Kangxi emphasized in his edict that later generations should mainly care for Prince Li's family.
After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, he strictly followed the last wishes of Emperor Kangxi. Chuntai, the fifth-generation representative of Prince Li's family, died in the 48th year of Kangxi, and his son Chong'an inherited the title.
After ascending the throne, Emperor Yongzheng started an unprecedented clan rectification campaign, and carried out a large-scale cleanup of the princes in the clan, some of whom were removed from their titles, and others were fined and punished. Especially the close branch of the clan, such as the old.
3. Old. Eight, old.
The ninth, the old fourteenth, etc., suffered an unprecedentedly severe blow.
When Yongzheng liquidated the Yuanzhi clan, the descendants of the founding kings became the primary targets, and the Prince Zheng family, Prince Su's family, Shuncheng Junwang family, Keqin Junwang family, etc., were all punished by Yongzheng due to the turmoil involving Kangxi's later years.
During the Kangxi period, the princes competed for the crown, and Prince Kang Chong'an insisted on neutrality, and for Yongzheng, the neutral faction may not be favored. For example, Yinqi, the fifth son of the emperor, was a member of the neutral faction, and his descendants were also implicated after Yongzheng succeeded to the throne.
However, surprisingly, Yongzheng was extremely tolerant of Chong'an. During the Kangxi period, Chong'an did not hold important positions in the court. However, in the first year of Yongzheng's succession, he appointed Chong'an as the commander of Manchuria and the White Banner of Manchuria, in charge of the Zongren Mansion. Until the death of Chong'an in the eleventh year of Yongzheng, he was not politically impacted. This shows that Yongzheng thoroughly carried out Kangxi's last wish and protected Prince Li's lineage.
After Chong'an's death, his son Yong'en inherited the title and reverted to the original title of Prince Li. Yongen inherited the title for more than 50 years, and it is recorded in historical materials that he was "lenient and strict with himself, indifferent and thrifty, and his provenance is constant." ”
By giving Dolgon a chance to rehabilitate, Qianlong decided to establish the titles of the founding kings as hereditary, including the eight iron hat kings in the early Qing Dynasty. The first Prince of Li, Dai Shan, won the honor of enjoying the Taimiao. At the same time, it was stipulated that in the future, the court would stand and speak, headed by Prince Li. Thus, the status of Prince Li was officially established as the first king of the Qing Dynasty.
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