Soybean, as an important global food and oil crop, has a crucial impact on the improvement of yield and quality. Scientific and reasonable fertilization can not only meet the nutritional needs of soybean at different growth stages, but also improve soil structure and soil fertility, so as to achieve high yield and high quality of soybean.
First, let's look at basal fertilizer application for soybeans. Basal fertilizer is a fertilizer applied before or at the time of sowing, mainly including organic fertilizer and some chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizers, such as farmhouse manure and compost, are rich in organic matter and microorganisms, which can effectively improve soil structure, enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and improve soil biological activity, thereby improving soil fertility. Chemical fertilizers, such as compound fertilizers, can provide the fast-acting nutrients needed in the early stage of soybean growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.
Under normal circumstances, 1500-2000 kg of farm fertilizer and 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer per mu of soybean field. Such a fertilization rate can not only ensure the nutritional needs of soybean in the early growth, but also lay a solid foundation for the growth and development in the later stage.
Next, we ** top dressing of soybeans. Top dressing is a supplementary fertilization of soybeans according to their growth conditions and nutrient requirements during the growth process. The top dressing of soybean is usually divided into top dressing at seedling stage, top dressing at flowering stage and top dressing at drum stage.
Top dressing at the seedling stage is usually carried out when the soybean has 2-3 true leaves after emergence, and the main purpose is to promote seedling growth and root development. At this time, 5-7 can be applied per acre of soybean field5 kg of urea to provide enough nitrogen to promote leaf growth and photosynthesis.
Top dressing at the flowering stage is carried out at the beginning of soybean flowering, mainly to meet the nutrient needs of soybeans at the flowering and podding stage. At this time, 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu of soybean field to provide comprehensive nutrients, promote flower bud differentiation and pod formation.
Top dressing at the grain drum stage is carried out when the soybean kernels begin to bulge, and the main purpose is to ensure that the kernels are full and increase the yield. At this time, 5-7 can be applied per acre of soybean field5 kg of diammonium phosphate to provide sufficient phosphorus to promote grain enrichment and ripening.
The fertilization method is also an important factor affecting the fertilization effect. Common fertilization methods include sprinkling, striping, burrowing and foliar spraying. Spreading is to spread fertilizer evenly on the surface of the soil and then mix it into the soil through tillage, which is easy to operate but has a low fertilizer utilization rate. Strip application is to open a ditch on both sides of the sowing row or between the rows of plants, apply fertilizer into the ditch, and then cover the soil, this method can reduce the loss of fertilizer and improve the utilization rate. Hole application is to dig a hole near the root of the plant, apply the fertilizer into the hole, and then cover the soil, this method can directly send the fertilizer to the root of the plant, improving the absorption efficiency. Foliar spraying is to dissolve fertilizer in water and spray it on soybean leaves through a sprayer, this method can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, especially suitable for the application of trace elements and growth regulators.
In the process of fertilization, we need to pay attention to the following points: first, we should make appropriate adjustments according to factors such as soil fertility, soybean varieties, and climatic conditions to avoid waste and environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization;Second, irrigation should be carried out in time after fertilization to promote the dissolution and absorption of fertilizerThe third is to pay attention to the quality and type of fertilizer, and choose fertilizer suitable for soybean growth.
In general, soybean fertilization is a scientific and delicate work, which requires us to reasonably choose the fertilization time and method according to the growth characteristics and environmental conditions of soybean, so as to achieve high yield, high quality and sustainable development of soybean. I hope that through the interpretation and sharing of this article, we can provide you with some practical fertilization knowledge and skills to help you better plant soybeans and harvest a full harvest and joy.