China has a rich historical and cultural heritage since ancient times, in which the capital system plays an important role. Although Beijing is the capital of the day, some people have proposed the establishment of "five capitals" to show the depth of history. Is this proposal justified?From a historical point of view, this doesn't seem to be much of a problem.
In the embryonic stage of feudal society, the Zhou Dynasty set up a number of Kyotos, continuing the idea of Zhou Li and promoting the core values of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith". After King Wu of Zhou made the capital of Hojing, he did not abolish Fengjing, but retained this political and cultural center. Cheng Zhou (Luoyang) became the camp of Zhou Gongdan to contain the vassal states. Most of the Zhou Dynasty was established, and from an ancient point of view, it was completely correct.
The Tang and Song dynasties were the heyday of economic, cultural and political prosperity in Chinese history, and the Tang Dynasty even established the Five Capitals. Chang'an in Xijing and Luoyang in Tokyo are well known, while in 690, Taiyuan Prefecture in Beijing was added to the Five Beijings. After the Anshi Rebellion, the pattern of the capital city, which had changed many times, was restored to Wujing in 757, demonstrating the prosperity of the prosperous era.
The Song Dynasty was similar to the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion in setting up its capital, but the difference was the prosperity of the south and the turmoil of the north. Bianjing (Kaifeng) was used as Tokyo, Luoyang changed from Tokyo to Xijing, and Shangqiu became Nanjing. Beijing was introduced into the historical stage in the name of the famous mansion and became a strategic place in the north.
During the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties, the five capitals were called as many as 35 times, and the five capitals were distributed in various places, showing a unique system of recovering the capital. The Yuan Dynasty set up Dadu, Shangdu and Zhongdu in Beijing, Inner Mongolia and Hebei respectively. The Bohai Kingdom also adopted the five-capital system, and the historical feast of the restored capital is breathtaking.
The establishment of the system of restoring the capital is often to deter the surrounding city and defend the capital. For example, the Cheng Zhou of the Zhou Dynasty, Luoyang of the Tang and Song dynasties, and the Daimyo mansions in the north all played an important role in different historical periods. However, with the development of modern society, each region has a good foundation for development, and there is no longer a need to rely on the "Kyoto" identity to gather population and develop the economy. The need to re-establish Wujing may no longer be obvious.
When examining the history of the ancient Chinese capital city system, we can see the wisdom and strategic considerations contained in it. Although today's society no longer needs the capital system of Wujing, from this historical point of view, this way of setting up the capital is still worth pondering.
Commentary: Changes and Enlightenment of the Ancient Chinese Capital City System.
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the historical evolution of the capital city system in ancient China, going back to the Zhou Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, and examining the cultural, political, and military considerations behind the establishment of the Five Capitals. This historical review makes one wonder for the wisdom and strategy of ancient Chinese dynasties.
First of all, the article emphasizes the rationality of the Duodu system during the Zhou Dynasty, especially the decision to retain Fengjing, showing the influence of the Zhou rites. This practice not only continues the tradition culturally, but also forms a system of checks and balances at the political level. The application of this mode of thinking in ancient dynasties had a positive effect on maintaining the stability of the rule.
Secondly, the establishment of the five capitals during the Tang Dynasty, especially during the heyday, shows the importance of the capitals of Chang'an, Luoyang, and Beijing at that time. The distribution of Wujing not only takes into account the geographical location, but also reflects the urgent need for national stability in the adjustment after the Anshi Rebellion. This reflects the strategic significance of the relocation of the capital city when the dynasty was faced with external troubles, providing a solid backing for the country.
In addition, the division of the north and the south during the Song dynasty, especially the focus on Beijing, highlighted the importance of the strategic position of the north. The article points out that Beijing, because of its strategic location, became a strong city in the face of invasions by Western Xia and Khitan. This shows that the establishment of the capital city is not only a symbol of culture and politics, but also a key investment in the capital.
Finally, in the Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, the article mentions Wujing 35 times, demonstrating the regime's preference for the multi-capital system. This shows that the system of restoring the capital has certain advantages in maintaining the stability and dominance of the regime. However, due to the frequent changes of Wujing, the complexity and management of this system have also been highlighted.
Overall, this article shows us the evolution of the capital city system in ancient China through a profound historical investigation. In modern society, although the establishment of Wujing no longer meets the needs of the times, the wisdom and considerations are still worth considering. How to better respond to local development needs in modern society and ensure that we need to continue to deepen the problem. Through such a historical review, we may be able to better understand and respond to the challenges facing society today.
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