This article**: Consumer Report Author: Zheng Yiyang
The travel enthusiasm accumulated for three years has been released this year, from Yanji and Zibo to Tianjin Wei at the beginning of the year, the throne of "a new generation of Internet celebrity cities" will change cities every once in a while. This winter, Harbin is waiting for nominations.
According to data from the Harbin Bureau of China Railway, Harbin Railway sent 6.12 million passengers in November, a year-on-year increase of 4982%。Among them, Harbin increased by 513% year-on-year, and Yabuli increased by 1308% year-on-year, and the passenger flow exceeded that of 2019.
However, Harbin is still facing many tests to catch this "pouring wealth".
On December 18th, the much-anticipated Harbin Ice and Snow World finally officially opened, with less than 3 hours of opening and more than 40,000 people booking to play. However, the hot search is "Ice and Snow World tourists shouting refunds".
Many tourists reported that on the opening day of the park, the park management personnel were insufficient, many facilities on the site were still under construction, and the popular project large slide was too many people, and many people "queued up for several hours in the weather of more than minus 20 degrees". The park is trying its best to make up for it - refunds for some on-site visitors, issuing a letter of apology, saying that the entertainment project will take on-site queuing and delayed services in the future, and will strengthen management to maintain order.
In addition to waiting and seeing, for countless prospective tourists, especially southern tourists, who have already booked a machine wine and decided to go to Harbin on New Year's Eve, the more urgent issue is to protect against the cold.
Under several rounds of popular science by Internet Northeast teachers, the basic research framework of the academic topic of "what to wear to survive in the weather of minus 30 degrees" has been built, such as long down + large cotton pants, masks, hats, scarves, and thick-soled shoes. But down into the details, the southerners are confused again.
Just one thermal underwear is enough to stump a lot of people. The most common answer to asking what kind of thermal underwear is most useful is develvet. However, on the e-commerce platform, the product information is as high as 100 pages, and the span is from more than a dozen to hundredsAccording to the sales volume, many popular underwear styles also superimpose a lot of scientific and technological elements "self-heating" and "far infrared". Are these "black technologies" useful?
1. There are a large number of fakes in Derong's hot-selling products.
Derong can be said to be the top of the thermal underwear industry in recent years. According to the hot trend analysis results of Big Data in October 2021 based on Douyin search big data, Derong ranked first among the keywords related to thermal underwear. During this year's Double 12, the search volume of the keyword "Derong vest" on the Douyin e-commerce platform also rose to the forefront, with a year-on-year increase of 91%.
However, there are a large number of fakes in the products on the market with the sign of "Derong". Derong is a patented acrylic fiber developed by Bayer Group in Germany, the main component is polyacrylonitrile fiber (acrylic), which has higher fluffiness than ordinary acrylic, so the warmth effect is stronger. But Derong was discontinued three years ago.
If you want to distinguish whether the products on the market that claim to be Derong are real Derong, you mainly look at two points, one is to look at the fabric composition list, and there is no polyacrylonitrile fiber (acrylic) This ingredient is a counterfeit. The other depends on whether the product has the authorization license certificate and anti-counterfeiting tag of Derong Company.
Search for "Derong" on **, and the sales of related products are considerable. Sorted by product sales, the lowest monthly sales volume of the top 10 products is 20,000+. Perhaps in order to avoid risks and "gain popularity", five of these brands did not directly mark the word "Derong" in the product title, but added a "De" word after "Jiarong".
In the top ten sales of the other five clearly marked "Derong" thermal underwear products, including duck duck, antarctic, cat people and other well-known clothing brands, none of the products in the fabric composition list contains "acrylic", mostly polyester fiber (polyester) and polyurethane elastane fiber (spandex).
Search for "Derong" in Pinduoduo, and the number of orders for the top 10 products in terms of sales volume has increased from 280,000 to 1 million+, and only one of them contains acrylic in the fabric composition list.
Second, "hygroscopic heating" and "far-infrared heating", the heating effect is not as good as that of a warm baby.
When searching for Derong thermal underwear, we found that almost every thermal underwear that claims Derong will bring some "black technology", among which "far infrared heating" and "moisture absorption and heating" are the most common. Do these black technologies work?
The conclusion is yes, but not much.
There are relevant standards for thermal underwear that absorbs moisture and heat. FZ T 73036-2010 "Hygroscopic and Heat-Generating Knitted Underwear" stipulates that only the material sample is put into a specific test chamber for thermal insulation test to meet the following two temperature rise value indicators: the maximum temperature rise value is not less than 40 and 30min in the average temperature rise value is not less than 30, can be called to have hygroscopic and thermal properties.
There is no such thing as "self-heating". The principle of hygroscopic heat is that the fiber is converted into heat energy by absorbing the water vapor emitted by ** and then transmitted to ** to achieve the effect of warmth.
In fact, all fibers, including wool, modal, and acrylic, have the function of absorbing moisture and heating, but the effect is different for different materials.
In 2022, the National Textile Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center conducted professional testing on 3 different brands of hygroscopic and heat-absorbing underwear purchased from physical stores and **, and the results showed that the 3 samples generated heat after moisture absorption, and the temperature rise was basically the same, with the highest temperature rise of about 7 and the average temperature rise of 2 within 30 minutes7 or so.
Under the same conditions, the inspectors tested the traditional cotton underwear. The results showed that the highest temperature of cotton underwear rose by 59. The average temperature rise in 30 minutes is 20℃。In contrast, the heating effect of hygroscopic and heating underwear is improved to a certain extent compared with ordinary cotton underwear, but the temperature rise is not much different.
The principle of far-infrared heating is to reflect the heat emitted by the human body, promote blood circulation, absorb light and heat, and finally achieve the effect of warmth. In fact, textiles can absorb and release a certain amount of far-infrared rays, but only the far-infrared emissivity is not less than 088, the temperature rise is not less than 14 thermal underwear, can be said to have far-infrared performance.
The laboratory of the National Textile Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center has also tested the heating effect of far-infrared heating underwear. The results showed that the clothes did emit far-infrared rays, which also raised the temperature, with an average temperature increase of 16, but the temperature increase is not significant compared with other hygroscopic and thermal underwear.
In addition, as a comparison, according to the test, in the general room temperature, rubbing to warm the baby, after 3 minutes the temperature from 22 to 309. If you blow on the warm baby, the temperature can rise to 38 within 1 minute5℃。If you want to keep warm, the fabric will heat up compared to "moisture absorption and heating" and "far infrared heating". 4. Warming the baby is obviously more effective.
In fact, the more important function of a qualified thermal underwear than warmth is to do a good job of breathability and moisture conduction. In the cold winter outdoors, if you want to keep warm to the greatest extent, it is not to wear as much as possible, but to establish an air compartment that can block the flow of heat through the three links of windproof, warm and moisture absorption, that is, the "sandwich" dressing method, and tightly lock the heat of the body. The outermost layer is the windproof layer, which is usually made of stiff, dense material to prevent cold winds from directly invading the body and taking away heat;The middle layer is the thermal layer, which stores heat through sweaters, down and other warm clothing. These two links are the main functions of clothing, and as the innermost layer of thermal underwear, it needs to keep the body dry and comfortable. When the human body dissipates heat, it emits water vapor, which can feel damp if it is not well absorbedIf the water vapor evaporates, it takes away the heat.
Therefore, compared with black technology gimmicks, the most important thing to look at when choosing thermal underwear is the collar label, tag, and washing label to confirm whether the product is marked with the implementation standards and fabric composition. According to the standard of "Knitted Thermal Underwear", the air permeability rate of thermal underwear shall not be less than 180mm setj, and the insulation rate shall be 30%. Under this standard, thermal underwear can be both warm and breathable.
The higher the value, the better the moisture absorption (data**: nominal moisture regain rate of textile materials).
In general, the fabric composition of thermal underwear is as follows: cashmere, wool, cotton, acrylic, modal, polyester polyester, spandex, viscose, nylon. Among them, wool, cashmere and acrylic have the best warmth effect. Each fabric has its own characteristics, wool is warm, breathable and deodorant, but the disadvantage is that it is expensive and difficult to care forAcrylic is more cost-effective, it is called "artificial wool" because it has the same natural curly and fluffy structure as wool, which is warm enough, but the disadvantage is poor moisture absorption. Polyester fiber (polyester) is easy to dry and not easy to deform after washing, but it has poor air permeability and moisture absorption;Viscose fiber has good air permeability and is not easy to generate static electricity, but it is not warm enough;Cotton can effectively improve the comfort of clothes. In production, manufacturers often learn from each other's strengths and weaknesses through fabric design and scientific blending, and consumers can choose according to their own needs and clothing occasions.