People are mentioning it at the momentcpuThe first thing that comes to mind is often Intel and AMD, two American companies that dominate the global market. However, a number of self-developed ones have emerged in Chinacpubusiness, in addition to the well-knownZhaoxinSea light, Kunpeng, Feiteng,LoongsonwithShenwei, andAlibaba, ZTE and other enterprises, as well as many start-up companies. These companies are in research and developmentDomestic CPUhave made certain achievements, but it is worth noting that despite the participation of many enterprises, all of the domestic onescpuThe products are actually all the same 6 typesInstruction set。This article will examine these 6 typesInstruction setand analyze the performance of each company in achieving autonomy and control.
In depth**Domestic CPUBefore we get started, let's take a look at some basic concepts. First of all,Instruction setYescpuA collection of running instructions, represented by binary numbers consisting of 0s and 1s, is an interface "language" between software and hardware that dictates the format and standard of instructions. In other words,Instruction setIt's like oneAlphabet, and the chipArchitectureis a word made up of these letters, and IP is an essay outline made up of words. If a business acquires permanentlyInstruction setAuthorization, it is equivalent to having a complete oneAlphabetYou can assemble words at will according to your needs and write the essay you want. If only obtainedArchitectureAuthorize, then the enterprise can only use fixed words to create, and cannot freely assemble new words. And if you get it at the same timeArchitectureand IP licensing, the enterprise can only use the provided words to create according to the outline given by the other party and within the specified scope.
in the countrycpufield, in the complexInstruction setMedium,ZhaoxinwithSea lightIt is two typical enterprises. ZhaoxinAcquired VIA, which had acquired x86Instruction setso to speakZhaoxinInherited x86Instruction set, which is equivalent to having a complete oneAlphabet。Correspondingly, the X86 chip companies that have been independently developed by AMD have been X86Instruction setand zen1ArchitectureAuthorized toSea light, allowing it to be freely developed on the basis of x86cpu, it's like getting the whole oneAlphabetYou can assemble words at will and write the essay you want.
And in simplicityInstruction setThere are four types in the countryInstruction set, respectivelyarmmips, alpha andrisc-varmOnlyArchitectureAuthorized, noInstruction setAuthorization, for example, v8ArchitectureLicensed to Huawei Kunpeng and Feiteng to enable them to be based on V8Architectureto carry out chip development, in addition to the two companies also gained somecpuand IP licensing for GPU cores. And v9Architectureand some IP is licensed to Alibaba, ZTE and other chip startups, which can be based on V9ArchitectureChip research and development, but there is not a lot of room for free play, after all, only words that have been prescribed can be used. LoongsonInitially, it was:mipsInstruction setLater, it expanded to Loongisa on its ownInstruction setLast year, it independently developed LoongarchInstruction set, which is equivalent to creating a completely new setAlphabetYou can assemble words at will and write your own thoughts. ShenweiInitially, alpha was adoptedInstruction setLater, SW64 was expanded independentlyInstruction set, despite leaving the alphaInstruction set, but still somewhat restricted, but the advantages areShenweiYou can create with the letters you already have more freedom. And finallyrisc-vInstruction set, which is completely free and open-sourceInstruction set, which is equivalent to opening up all the letters to everyone, anyone can assemble words at will and write their own articles, thereforerisc-vIt can be said that the degree of freedom is the highestInstruction set
To sum up, one is to be judgedcpuAutonomous controllability,LoongsonIt is undoubtedly number one, as it has developed the brand new LoongArch exactly as it wishesInstruction set。In addition,risc-vShenweiwithSea lightThe degree of freedom is also very high. Relatively speaking,armIt is more limited in terms of autonomous controllability, after allarmOnlyArchitectureLicensing, and there are constantly upgrading versions, chip manufacturers need to continue to buy licensing, and face the risk of supply interruption, and licensing** is also relatively expensive.
InDomestic CPUIn this field, although there are many companies that conduct independent R&D, most of the products actually use the same six typesInstruction set。Among them,LoongsonThrough independent research and development of LoongarchInstruction setto achieve the highest degree of autonomy and controllability. Whilerisc-vShenweiwithSea lightIt also performs well in terms of degrees of freedom. In contrast,armThere are certain limitations in autonomous controllability. AlthoughDomestic CPUA certain breakthrough has been made in technology research and development, but in order to truly achieve independent control, it still needs to be inInstruction setwithArchitectureThere are more breakthroughs and innovations in the field.
Autonomous and controllable is an important national strategy, for:cpuIndependent research and development in the field is even more crucial. Only by truly realizing independence and controllability can we get rid of our dependence on foreign technology and protect our own core interests. Therefore, we need to further increase our effortsDomestic CPUto provide more development opportunities and policy support for domestic enterprises. At the same time, domestic enterprises also need to continue to innovate, strengthen cooperation, and jointly promoteDomestic CPUto make greater contributions to China's development in the field of information.