In September 1962, the Indian army made several provocations on the Sino-Indian border.
In order to safeguard its territorial integrity and national dignity, China deployed troops and began to counterattack.
On October 20, the Battle of Kejielang began.
In just two days, the 7th Brigade of the Indian Army, known as the elite, was completely wiped out, and the brigade commander was captured.
After the war, India refused to accept and carried out a general mobilization.
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru sought assistance from the United States and the Soviet Union in a manner that bordered on begging.
As the boss of the non-aligned countries, Nehru's ugliness has greatly disappointed the majority of non-aligned countries.
But he believes that it is worth it, as long as India can survive until the Cuban missile crisis is lifted and the United States and the Soviet Union intervene, the situation can be turned around.
Ask for a hammer to get a hammer, Nehru's little thought, children have to see.
Since he is clamoring to fight again, satisfy him.
On November 16, the second phase of the self-defense counterattack against India began.
The 130th Division of our army first completely annihilated the 11th Brigade of the Indian Army in Warong.
At the same time as the Battle of Walong, the 55th Division, the 11th Division and the Tibetan 419 Unit of our Army assembled in the Tawang area.
The enemy on the opposite side is four infantry brigades of the 4th Division of the Indian Army plus an artillery brigade, about 120,000 people.
They formed a long snake formation along the highway in the Sera Pass, Derang Dzong and Bomdila areas.
From the point of view of the terrain, the Indian army occupies a geographical advantage.
Not to mention that it can be attacked, at least it can be defended. It is not a problem to hold on for ten days and a half months.
But the deployment of the Indian army is another old problem: the gaps between the strongholds are too large, and the flanks are not guarded.
And our army is good at interspersing in circuitous ways, even if it is the Himalayas, it can still be interspersed in a roundabout way.
**The marshal vividly described the formation of the 4th Division of the Indian Army: "copper head, tin tail, tight back, loose belly".
He instructed the front-line commanders and fighters to adopt the tactics of "striking the head, cutting the tail, cutting off the waist, and cutting the abdomen" to encircle the enemy in a large depth and detour, interspersed with multiple routes, and annihilate the enemy one by one.
According to the instructions of the Military Commission, Zhang Guohua, commander of the Military Region, ordered the two regiments of the 55th Division to be responsible for "taking the lead".
The three regiments of Unit 419 bypassed the frontal enemy and "cut off the waist and disemboweled" from the flanks;
The two regiments of the 11th Division detoured to the rear of the Indian army, penetrated directly between Derangzong and Bomdila, and "cut the tail" of the Indian army.
After the order was issued, more than 5,000 officers and men of the 11th Division, under the command of division commander Yu Zhiquan, set out from the Cimu area, 6 kilometers east of Tawang, and after seven days and six nights, they climbed five mountains above 4,000 meters, overcame thorns and thorns all the way, penetrated more than 180 kilometers behind enemy lines, and with tenacious perseverance, conquered Dengban 50 minutes ahead of schedule and seized the Lahong Bridge.
In the early morning of the 18th, Kaul, the commander-in-chief of the Indian army on the Eastern Front, who had just escaped from Walong, learned that the squadron had laid a pocket for the Indian army with a depth of 150 kilometers from north to south, and he was frightened and panicked, and immediately ordered the 4th Division to retreat.
But it was too late. Our 11th Division has completed the encirclement.
At 8:30 a.m. on November 18, the red flare was raised. Our 55th Division, supported by fire from three artillery regiments, launched a frontal attack on the enemy at the West Pass.
The 55th Division was secretly transferred from Xining before the war, and this division is known as the "Plateau Heroic Division".
After the battle began, they took the Indian army's "copperhead" Sera Pass in just one morning, forcing the Indian 62nd Brigade to retreat to the rear.
On the 19th, seeing that the situation was not good, Major General Pasaniya, commander of the 4th Division of the Indian Army, escaped with the troops directly under the division from the Ta Long Zong passage, which had not yet had time to be cut.
The commander once again took the lead in running away, and more than 10,000 Indian troops were leaderless, and the scene was extremely chaotic.
In the words of Brigadier General Rockfer Fishir of the Indian Army: "Have you ever seen a herd of zebras running in Africa?".But it was not as spectacular as the rout of the Indian army. ”
The Indian army was in disarray, so our army began to "catch goats" all over the mountains.
During the battle, Pang Guoxing, deputy squad leader of the 55th squad of the 9th Company of the 163rd Regiment of the 4th Division, ran away with a group of enemy soldiers alone because he was rushing too fast, and was separated from the large army.
If you are alone on the battlefield, you will usually end up being captured or killed on the battlefield.
But Pang Guoxing was like a strange stranger, merged with Wang Shijun, a soldier of the 6th class, and continued to fight while rushing.
Chasing, they met Zhou Wenxuan, the deputy squad leader of class 8, and Ran Fulin, a soldier of class 6.
At this time, it was getting late, and the four of them were combined: the black light was blind, the enemy and the enemy were unknown, and the troops were chasing the enemy anyway, so it was better to continue the pursuit, and maybe they would meet a large army.
Therefore, the four formed a temporary combat group, elected Pang Guoxing as the team leader, and followed the pursuit of the Indian army along the highway.
A short time later, the combat group was spotted by Indian troops on a hill.
The Indian army suppressed firepower, and after a brief communication between the four of them, it was decided that Wang Shijun and Zhou Wenxuan would be responsible for the detour, and Pang Guoxing and Ran Fulin would be responsible for attracting firepower.
Pang Guoxing first hit a shuttle with a 56 submachine gun, and found that the distance was too far, so he asked for a 56 semi-automatic rifle from Ran Fulin's hand and sniped the Indian army officer with one shot.
At the same time, Wang Shijun and Zhou Wenxuan in the detour kept shooting at the Indian army.
When the Indian troops heard the sound of gunfire "from all directions", it seemed that there were "sniper rifles", and they thought that they had encountered a large army, and immediately dispersed.
Seeing the enemy fleeing, the four joined forces and pursued them along the road.
Chasing the foot of a hill, they found a group of Indian artillery on the hill in front of them shelling our large army.
So the four of them divided their troops again, Pang Guoxing and Ran Fulin hid at the foot of the mountain, and Wang Shijun and Zhou Wenxuan outflanked them in a roundabout way.
After approaching the artillery position of the Indian army, Wang Shijun was the first to **, and then the guns rang out on and down the mountain.
The Indian army shouted that it was surrounded, dropped the artillery, and ran away. Pang Xingguo's four men successfully captured three howitzers.
Coincidentally, just as the four of them had hidden the captured cannons, on the road in front of them, a dozen bearded Sikhs in turbans were pushing two jeeps full of supplies, trying to flee south.
Pang Guoxing was overjoyed: "Hurry up and chase after you, there must be a big official in the car!."”
Zhou Wenxuan and Wang Shijun launched a flanking attack on the enemy along the left path.
Pang Guoxing and Ran Fulin took the road to meet the enemy head-on.
When approaching the enemy more than 200 meters, Pang Guoxing**.
When the Indian army heard the gunshots, they thought that they were surrounded by a large number of our troops, so they hurriedly discarded the radio, ammunition, dry rations, binoculars, and maps on the car, and then got into the jeep and slipped away.
The enemy fled, and the four hid their captured supplies in the forest, and then continued to cover each other, advancing alternately.
After a while, the combat group spotted another Indian artillery position firing north on the side of the road.
Zhou Wenxuan and Wang Shijun immediately detoured left and right, Pang Xingguo and Ran Fulin were condescending, and the four of them hit the Indian army's position fiercely.
When the Indian artillery heard the gunfire, they scattered.
In this way, Pang Guoxing's combat team captured four more howitzers.
The Indian army, already disheartened, and now lacking heavy fire support, began to concentrate on the headquarters.
Through the telescope, Pang Guoxing found that there were many people on the opposite side, and after some discussion, the four decided not to do anything brutally, but to occupy the favorable terrain first and wait for the fighters.
But after waiting for more than an hour, another group of enemies came down from the hill behind them, more than 200 people.
Seeing this, the four of them turned into the forest and engaged in guerrilla warfare with the enemy.
In the process of maneuvering with the enemy, Zhou Wenxuan unexpectedly separated, and there were only three people left in the battle group.
By this time, they had penetrated 15 miles into the enemy's hinterland, and had not eaten or drunk for a whole day and a night
After a small meeting, the three of them decided to twist into a rope, and there were many enemies, so they would fight guerrilla attacks with them.
If there are few enemies, eat them and hold out until the main forces come up.
After resting in the forest for a while, the three of them launched an attack on the Indian army.
Although there were many people in the Indian army, they did not understand the situation and were played around by Pang Guoxing and the others.
After maneuvering for a while, the Indian army's mentality collapsed and was ready to run away.
Seeing that the enemy was about to run, Pang Guoxing and the three launched a pursuit.
Running and running, the three found an Indian army tent on the side of the road.
The trio fired at the tent, killing three and wounding one.
Later, they discovered an enemy artillery position.
Under the leadership of Pang Guoxing, the three-person combat team quickly entered the battle, and with two shots, they killed the two Indian commanders who were directing the operation.
At this time, the main force of our army also arrived, and three people waved their military hats, took the initiative to lead the way, took the Indian artillery position, and captured eight howitzers.
In a day and a night of fighting, Pang Guoxing's combat group bravely penetrated 15 miles deep into the enemy's depth and fought five battles. They captured two of the enemy's artillery positions, captured seven artillery pieces, four guns for mirrors and telescopes, and four bulldozers and automobiles, thus contributing to the development of the main force in the enemy's depth.
After the war, the Ministry of Defense awarded Pang Guoxing the title of "Battle Hero".
When Pang Guoxing wrote the report, he left a famous sentence: "The enemy not only did not surrender, but dared to fire back at him." ”
Compared with the 55th and 11th Divisions that "hit the head" and "cut the tail", the biggest difficulty encountered by Unit 419 was the march.
In order not to be detected by enemy troops, they can only move in the mountains and dense forests.
The battlefield is mostly a plateau with an altitude of more than 4,000 meters, which is inaccessible and has no roads at all.
Officers and soldiers can only march on "terrain that is difficult for monkeys to walk."
Some sections can only be passed by hand climbing, pedaling, and rope hanging.
Due to the difficulty of the march, after the troops arrived at the predetermined location, most of the Indian troops had already broken and fled.
The 157th and 155th regiments could only spread their nets on the spot and carry out searches in the mountains and forests.
The 154th Regiment had the greatest success because of its high position, killing Brigadier General Singh, commander of the 62nd Brigade of the Indian Army.
Earlier, the 154th regiment also captured the 7th brigade brigade Darvi.
In two battles, an Indian brigade commander was captured and an Indian brigade commander was killed, and the 154th Regiment can be said to be the most rewarding unit in the self-defense counterattack against India.
Indian tanks captured by our army.
On 21 November, the fighting was drawing to a close.
The 2nd Battalion of the 31st Regiment of the 11th Division fought another immortal battle at the Duolong Bridge, about 30 kilometers southeast of Bomdila.
At around 10 a.m. that day, about 400 men of the 1st Battalion of the Madras Wing of the Indian Army tried to retreat from the Dolong Bridge.
At that time, there were only 29 of our officers and soldiers near the Duolong Bridge. More than half of them were artillerymen.
With such a huge gap, 90% of people will definitely choose to be a hero and not suffer immediate losses.
9 left99%, will choose to block on the spot. Fight with the enemy and buy time for the main force to return to help.
But the commander of our army chose to completely annihilate this enemy force.
Among the 29 people, the highest position was Wang Wenbao, instructor of the 31st Regiment Chemical Defense Company.
He made a quick decision and sent four artillery men to outflank and five infantry to intercept the rear. Wang Wenbao and two comrades-in-arms blocked the front.
The rest held artillery positions, providing fire support.
Not long after, the Indian army discovered our army's attempt and began to break through frantically.
Wang Wenbao's three-man combat team took the most pressure because it was on the front.
However, their military qualities were excellent, and they repelled three charges of the Indian army in a row.
During the battle, three soldiers from the 2nd Battalion of the 33rd Regiment and four cooks from the 3rd Battalion of the 33rd Regiment heard the gunfire and rushed to support and launched a counter-charge against the Indian troops from both flanks.
Ten people actually charged at more than 200 people, and the Indian army was stunned by this scene, and the army's heart was immediately in turmoil. Flee north.
At this time, several fighters in charge of the detour arrived and blocked the Indian army again.
At the end of the battle, the commander of the security unit who accompanied the operation of the 2nd Battalion brought the two Indian officers captured the previous day to the front of the battle and shouted to persuade them to surrender.
In the battle of Duolong Bridge, our army annihilated 241 enemies at the cost of 3 wounded. Captured the commander of the enemy's lieutenant colonel battalion, killed the deputy battalion commander of the major, and captured a batch of ** equipment.
The only regret is that the enemy army was not completely annihilated. In the end, more than 100 people fled into the forest.
The battle was fought like this, Kaul was almost dizzy.
He knew very well that his career had come to an end.
For the sake of face, Kaul personally went to the deep mountains and old forests to search for the remaining four Indian brigade commanders, and was finally rescued by him.
This is also the only bright spot of Kaul during the Sino-Indian War.
In the battle of Bomdila at the West Pass, our army lost 225 casualties and 477 were wounded. Annihilated the 62nd Brigade and the 4th Artillery Brigade of the Indian Army, inflicted heavy damage on the 48th, 65th, and 67th Brigades, and killed and wounded 5,063 people under Brigadier General Hoshil Singh of the Indian Army. 3,840 guns, 187 artillery pieces, 416 automobiles and 9 tanks were seized. Succeeded in recovering a large area of territory south of the "McMahon Line".
By the evening of November 21, there was no Indian army formed resistance force in the entire eastern section of the Sino-Indian border.
When the 2nd Battalion of the 33rd Regiment of the 11th Division advanced to the Volt Pass, what appeared in front of the commanders and fighters was the endless and undefended Assam Plain.
In addition to the disparity in strength, the southern Tibet region is large enough, giving our army full space for detours, which is also an important factor.
In contrast, Aksai Chin's operations were confined to a small area and could only make tactical detours.
Therefore, the battles on the Western Front in the second phase of the campaign were mostly hard-fought battles.
On 18 November, under the cover of artillery fire, the Indian army launched an offensive against our border guards stationed in the Span Gul Lake area.
Our border guards immediately counterattacked.
The Western Front lasted three days, during which our army attacked and destroyed three Indian invasion strongholds, recovered three, and cleared all Indian strongholds west of Lake Spangur in one fell swoop.
When the results came out, India panicked.
On the Eastern Front, the Indian army was ordered to implement a scorched earth policy, preparing to blow up bridges, factories, airfields, and oil depots.
This led to riots in Assam, where gangsters began looting and many cities got out of control.
On the western front, the western section of the Sino-Indian border is only 300 kilometers from New Delhi.
For a time, there was a lot of noise in New Delhi, the people rushed to buy daily necessities, and the top brass believed that the actions of our army were to occupy India, and they were also planning to run away.
On November 20, 1962, the United States** John F. Kennedy announced the lifting of the naval blockade against Cuba.
At the same time, the USSR announced the lifting of the maximum state of combat readiness.
The Cuban Missile Crisis, which brought human civilization closest to destruction, has finally come to an end.
In the early hours of November 21, in view of the changed international situation, an emergency order was issued requiring all units to stop the attack.
On the same day, China** issued a statement that from December 1, Chinese border guards will withdraw 20 kilometers from the Line of Actual Control between China and India.
The Sino-Indian border self-defense counterattack has since ended.
This result made India, which was preparing for the defensive battle in New Delhi, breathe a sigh of relief.
Immediately, the Indians began to fabricate the results of the battle and boast of victory.
Some irresponsible Indians are still clamoring: We must not accept the ceasefire proposal, and we must fight a bloody war with China to the end!
But what the truth is, others do not know, Kaul and Nehru know best.
After the Sino-Indian War, Kaul was permanently driven out of the army.
In the last ten years of this buddy's life, there was only one thing he did, and that was to write a memoir to exonerate himself.
Nehru was unwilling to be defeated by the Indian army, became depressed and unhappy, and died of anger within two years.
As for India, Nehru's ugliness during the war made South Asian countries represented by Pakistan, which have been bullied by India, see clearly who is the thigh.
So soon, South Asian countries began to actively establish friendly relations with China to counter India.
Many people are puzzled by the fact that our army took the initiative to cease fighting in the face of a great victory.
But they don't know that war is only a continuation of politics.
Whether or not a battle should be fought and whether it can be fought is by no means a matter of only considering victory or defeat on the battlefield.
In the Sino-Indian war of 1962, China did not want to fight, and had to fight.
After the big victory, in the face of international constraints, ** decided not to chase the poor, only hope for peace, and let India be honest for 50 years, which was already the best choice at that time.
Looking back at history, China, as a major country with the most complex surrounding environment, has historical contradictions and territorial disputes. How to properly handle geostrategic contradictions, strive for the initiative, and defend the country will be a long-term and arduous task.