In those days, the Qin people with great ambitions often looked up at the starry sky by the water of the Western Han Dynasty, and called the moonlight in the sky as "Han", "Yunhan" and "Tianhan", and the flowing river around them as "Han water". It is this source of water from the ancient Han Dynasty that has raised the slave Qin family to be strong and strong, and it is impossible to collect it. Qin later grew into the largest state in the world, and unified China to become the overlord, opening the curtain of China's ** society for more than 2,000 years.
The years do not live, and the seasons flow. Now, standing on the top of Tianshui's mound, the surging "Han Water" of the past has become a thing of the past. In the woods and grass, in the bright moonlight in the sky and the gurgling water underground, it is difficult to see the figure of the ancient Western Han Dynasty water that fed the Great Qin Empire.
Three sources are one. "Ask the canal to be as clear as promised, for there is a source of living water." The Han River, which is the first of the water systems in the Yangtze River basin and is imbued with feminine beauty, is formed by the convergence of several trickles.
Modern hydrological studies show that the source of the Hanjiang River has three sources: northern, central and southern, namely, the north source of the Fushui, the middle source of Yangshui and the south source of the Yudai River, all of which are in Ningqiang County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi. It flows through the county (now Mianxian County), and is called the water;It flows eastward to Hanzhong, and is called Hanshui at first;From Ankang to Danjiangkou section, it was called Canglang Water in ancient times;Below Xiangyang, it is also known as Xiangjiang River and Xiangshui.
Confucius said: "The benevolent man enjoys the mountain, and the wise man enjoys the water." "Mountains and rivers are beautiful, and mountains and waters have always been twin brothers. Zibai Mountain is located in the top of the mountain in Liuba County, there are 92 peaks, 72 holes and 82 tans, the momentum is majestic, the hills are extended, the strange stones stand in a forest, the beautiful Zibai Mountain has created an excellent Beiyuan Fushui. "Notes on the Book of Water" contains: "The water is out of the mouth of the East Wolf Valley in Wudu Fu County, and the water is a frustrated water. Kan Yan said: With its initial frustration, it is said that the water is also depressed. The county is also named. That is to say, the water in Mianxian County began to be called the frustration water, the black river, because of the "first out of the frustration of the water" name. The frustrated water originated in the northwest of Zibai Mountain in Liuba County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province to the west of Guanghua Mountain, began to call the Zhenghe River, and flowed into Mian County to the southwest.
Walking in Zibai Mountain, but see that the top of the mountain is round, the vegetation is good, the perennial humid and foggy, and the meadow is flat. Facing the Qinchuan River in Shuqi, from east to west, across between Liuba and Fengxian, it is a natural barrier to reach Sichuan and Han in the south and Guanzhong in the north, and it is the place of "the throat of Qin and Han" since ancient times. Because the two ends of the mountain range are high, the local area is also called "Longru Mountain".
Walking to the gate stone village in the hinterland of the southern foot of Zibai Mountain, the local mountain people introduced that according to legend, there was a huge stone here in the early years, with its mouth open to the sky, so it was named "Zhangkou Stone", which was later broken by lightning and renamed "Gate Stone". The gurgling water at the entrance of the village is the frustrated water of Zibai Mountain at the junction of Feng County and Liuba County in Shaanxi Province, and the stone flow at the southern foot of Zibai Mountain is the longest, which is the source. At the beginning of the frustration water flows to the southeast, through Yingpan in Fengxian County, Zhangjiahe in Mianxian County, and then to the tea shop in Mianxian County, and flows into the Hanjiang River in the east of Xinpu, the mountain slope in the basin is steep, the forest is dense, and the river channel is narrow and in the shape of "V".
Liuyang is Han", "Shangshu" said the unique beauty of Zhongyuan Yangshui. Tang Yuanzhi has a poem: "Lingzuka searched for water last year, and Xiangyang crossed the river today." The mountain is far away and the tree is a point, and Pu Jing Shen Monument wants to distinguish the text. "From the middle source of the Han River in the northeast of Ningqiang County, when the mountain first came out of the mountain, it was Yangshui, through the channeling, the northeast flowed through the southwest of Shaanxi County, and passed through Baocheng in the east, and the following is called Han Shui. Looking at the mountains from afar, the trees are only a little smaller;Looking at the river water closely, it is so clear that even the words on the tablet that sank into the water can be clearly recognized.
Li Daoyuan's "Notes on the Book of Water" contains: "Hanzhong Ji says that the water east of the mound flows eastward. The water to the west of the mound flows westward, so the mound is the watershed. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" says, "The mountain of the mound, the Han water comes out, and the southeast flows into the mountain." According to the Book of Wei, Zhongyang County of the Han Dynasty is "Lingzuka County, there is Lingzuka Mountain, and the Han River is out of Yan. Qu Yuan's "Chu Ci" said that "it refers to the west of the mound, and the period of the Huang Dynasty", and believes that the mountain is the source of the Han River, that is, the middle source of the source of the Han River.
Walking in the steep and tortuous North Ridge Ridge Mountain, but I saw a valley like a small belly and a big urn gradually opened, and the sound of trickling streams came faintly from the deep canyon, and the abrupt peaks above my head went straight to the sky. Halfway up the mountain, you can see the stream flowing straight down from a small karst cave on the cliff, "there is a hole in the mountain, several zhang wide, deep and Xu, it is the source of the Han River." The water gushes out from below, there is a sound banging bang, the day will rain, its sound is louder and louder like Yin thunder, there are several zhang of stone platform outside the hole, it is the place where the Han Yuan is worshiped in the past. (Hanzhong Fuzhi). This is the middle source of the Han River.
The Han River, which starts from the Lingzuka Mountains, unfolds in the gentle and vast Hanzhong Basin, allowing thousands of small streams to flow out of the canyons intertwined with the Qinling Mountains and Bashan Mountains to merge with the Han River. The Ngokudai River in the south is another source of the stream that flows into the Han River.
The Yudai River, which originates from the Jianzhuling Pond of Lingzuka Mountain, spreads in the eastern part of Ningqiang County in the shape of a "V". Overlooking the river such as the jade belt meandering, so it is called the jade belt river in the territory of Ningqiang, and it is called the water in the territory of Mian County, and it is also called the South River. From the seven sisters of Xinpu Town, Mian County, Shandong flows into Mian County, joins the Da'an River in Tongqianba Village, and joins the Han River in the Pimple Temple.
The Da'an River, which takes the Yudai River as the main source, and becomes another stream of the source of the Han River, is composed of the Shizhonggou water of the Chenjia Daliang and the Hanwanggou water, which enters the county of Shiwojin through Da'an Town, and joins the main stream of the Hanjiang River in Tanchang Temple. Therefore, after the Yangshui of the central source and the Yudai River of the southern source meet in the Tanchang Temple, the Fushuipu and the Fushui of the northern source meet, and after the three sources meet, the Han River is completed.
Experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences believe that the water system of the three sources of the Han River is very asymmetrical: the north source has a high altitude and a long flow, forming the main stream of several northern sources such as the Fushui River, which vertically flows into the main stream of the Han RiverThe southern source has a low altitude and short flow, and the water system is not as well developed as the northern source area. Therefore, according to the runoff and river length of the river source, the Nanyuan Yudai River should be the source of the Han River.
Wen Chu Jianfeng (teacher, essayist).
Photo source: Visual China.
Edited by Ji Yuan.