The effects of gestational diabetes on the fetus generally include macrosomia, fetal malformations, miscarriage and preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and intrauterine fetal distress.
Gestational Diabetes Effects on the Fetus:
1. Macrosomia: If the blood sugar control is not ideal, the blood sugar of the pregnant woman is too high, and the fetus is in the hyperinsulinemia environment caused by maternal hyperglycemia for a long time, which promotes protein and fat synthesis and inhibits fat decomposition, which will lead to excessive body development.
2. Fetal malformations: If the blood sugar is high in the first trimester, it may cause fetal malformations, which are common in the central nervous system, heart and other parts of the malformation, such as hydrocephalus, atrial diaphragm or interventricular diaphragm defect, etc.
3. Miscarriage and preterm birth: high blood sugar in the early stages of pregnancy can lead to abnormal embryonic development, which eventually leads to embryonic death and miscarriage, and premature birth is prone to occur when combined with polyhydramnios.
4. Fetal growth restriction: high blood sugar in early pregnancy will inhibit embryonic development, resulting in backward embryonic development.
5. Intrauterine fetal distress: it can be caused by diabetic ketoacidosis in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
Precautions for gestational diabetes:
Pregnant women should pay attention to daily blood glucose monitoring, active activity and diet management, and regular check-ups and ** under the guidance of a doctor.