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Chapter IOverview of community work
What are the main characteristics of the concept of community?
1) Commonality, which mainly refers to common interests, common culture, common consciousness or values, etc.;
2) Informal organization;
3) There is more interaction between residents in the community and they are more familiar with the daily life in the community
4) It has some basic social functions and a certain scale;
5) Territoriality is still a factor that must be considered in most cases, but it is certain that non-territoriality will become more and more important, and communities will include both regional and non-territorial communities for a long time to come.
What are the main functions of the community?
The key points of the answer] The community has five functions: production-distribution-consumption, socialization, social control, social participation and mutual support.
What is the overall goal of community work?
In terms of overall goals, the dichotomy of the following two scholars is basically followed.
From the perspective of goals and their achievement, Rothman summarized two categories: "mission objectives" and "process objectives".
a Mission objectives refer to the solution of specific social problems, including the completion of a specific task, the achievement of some social welfare goals, the satisfaction of community needs, and the construction of bridges and roads, the resettlement of the homeless, etc.
b The objectives of the process refer to the promotion of the general competencies of the community, including the establishment of cooperative relationships among different groups in the community, the identification and nurturing of community leaders to participate in community affairs, enhance the understanding of civic affairs, and enhance the problem-solving skills, confidence and skills.
In the 80s of the 20th century, the British scholar Thomas proposed another more influential dichotomy of goals, namely "resource allocation goals" and "development resident goals".
a Resource allocation objective refers to the community work to organise residents to strive for a reasonable and balanced allocation of resources for the daily affairs of the people, so as to protect the rights and interests of the citizens.
b The development of the population objective is twofold:
First, community work can promote the development of citizenship, including cultivating a sense of "political responsibility" among grassroots citizens, i.e., enhancing their "political capacity" and political importance.
Second, community work can contribute to social development, which means cultivating community cohesion among residents, enhancing their interaction with each other and their sense of belonging to the community, and making them feel that they can contribute to society as a whole.
What are the specific goals of community work?
Promote the participation of community residents in solving their own problems and improve the social awareness of community residents. Community members are encouraged to participate in the process of solving social problems and residents are given the opportunity to express their opinions.
Adjust or improve relationships, improve the distribution of power, and reduce social conflicts.
Unleash human potential and identify and nurture community leaders. Community work is the realization of the potential of residents by solving problems in their daily lives through collective action. At the same time, it can strengthen the self-determination and self-reliance of the population.
Cultivate the virtues of caring for each other and helping each other.
Pursue a fair distribution of power and resources.
Promote the effective coordination of community needs and social resources to meet community needs, solve or prevent social problems, improve the community living environment, improve the quality of life, and promote community progress.
What are the characteristics of community work?
Key Points of Answer] (1) Targeting the community;(2) a structurally oriented analytical perspective;(3) Extensive involvement;(4) Emphasizing the participation of residents;(5) Combination of short-term goals and long-term goals;(6) Use of social resources;(7) Political characteristics.
What are the meanings and objectives of the regional development model?
Through the analysis of the whole society and the community, the regional development model assumes that the stability of the community can be achieved through harmonious consensus, so that residents can have a sense of belonging and be able to cooperate with each other, so as to promote the comprehensive development of human and material resources within the community. Its focus is on raising awareness of community participation and nurturing local talent. Through the encouragement and guidance of community workers, residents are mobilized to pay attention to the problems existing in their communities, and solve problems through analysis and research.
The objectives of the regional development model can be decomposed into two categories: task objectives and process objectives. The objectives of the mission are mainly to do some substantive work, or to solve some specific community problems;The goal of the process refers to the establishment of long-term institutions and organizations to achieve fundamental changes in community relations, such as the strengthening of community residents' sense of identity with the community and their willingness to actively participate in community affairs. Specifically: (1) the re-establishment of various social networks;(2) the increase in mutual assistance and interaction among residents;(3) Improvement of neighborhood relations;and (4) the re-establishment of close ties between residents and residents' organizations;(5) Residents are aware of the importance of participation and are willing to take responsibility;(6) Residents have more identification and investment in the community.
What are the meanings and characteristics of the community care model?
The community care model refers to the integration of all social resources and the use of formal and informal care networks to provide comprehensive care for people in need of care in the family or community, so as to facilitate their normal life. The community care model has the following characteristics:
1) Emphasizing the combination of formal and informal care;
2) Assist the client to integrate into the community normally;
3) Emphasizing community responsibility;
4) Promote the creation of caring communities.