Historical Observation of the Tang Dynasty Election of Officials: The Transition from the Menyin System to the Imperial Examination System.
The Tang Dynasty was the peak period of China's feudal society, with a strong political power and a stable social order. In this powerful dynasty, the official election system became an important part of the core, and the Tang Dynasty's election of officials was roughly divided into three ways. This article will delve into the evolution of the official election system in the Tang Dynasty, from the historical origin and characteristics of the door-shade system to the rise of the imperial examination system, as well as the interaction and change between the two.
1.The door shade system has a long history.
The door shadow system, as a system in which the children of bureaucrats rely on the meritorious deeds of their fathers and ancestors to be shaded into the office, has a long history. From the Shiqing Shilu in the pre-Qin period, the Renzi system in the Han Dynasty, to the door shade system in the Sui and Tang dynasties, this tradition was revived again in the Tang Dynasty.
2.Dragons give birth to dragons, and phoenixes give birth to phoenixes.
Those who are shaded are divided into two categories: royal relatives and powerful people. The children and grandchildren of the emperor's relatives can be demoted to official positions in the order of princes and princes, while the children and grandchildren of the ** powerful enjoy seniority, but the official positions are lower than those of the emperor's relatives. The door shade system strictly stipulates that the title is only inherited by the eldest son, and the concubine can only enter the office through the door shade, forming a special phenomenon of hereditary power in feudal society.
3.The civil and military division was the first in the Tang Dynasty.
In order to ensure that the children of civil and military ** can be shaded into the office, the Tang Dynasty pioneered the separation of civil and military affairs. This made the bureaucratic ranks of the Tang Dynasty even larger, including the children of the nobility who entered the civil service through institutions of higher learning, and the common people who entered the military attache through official service.
4.In the Tang Dynasty, the door shade system was gradually improved.
The door shade system was gradually perfected in the Tang Dynasty, with strict hierarchical levels and legal constraints on those who received shade, so as to maintain the stability of the distribution of power within the bureaucratic class. While this system protects the interests of the rulers, it also has obvious drawbacks, such as the monopoly of official positions by the upper classes of society, and the restriction of opportunities for the children of poor families.
1.Abandoned by the tide of the times.
In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, with the development of society and political and economic stability, the door shade system gradually revealed its drawbacks. In order to realize the real centralization of power, successive emperors such as Tang Taizong and Wu Zetian weakened the privileges of the family and magnates through a series of measures. Victories in foreign wars and domestic stability have weakened the dependence on meritorious heroes and reduced privileges.
2.I don't fight for myself.
The essence of the door shadow system is cronyism, which makes it difficult to last long in a society of great development and prosperity. The system of declining official ranks influenced by their fathers hindered those who aspired to greater development, and at the same time raised questions about the door shadow system, and the privilege continued to cause social discontent.
3.The birth of the "new upstart" impacted the old system.
During the Tang Dynasty, in order to get rid of the control of the family and realize the centralization of power, successive emperors took a series of measures, including restrictions on the door shade system. The rise of the imperial examination system has become a reform, and through the selection of talents, the monopoly of the door shadow system on the appointment of ** has been broken. The imperial examination system does not look at the background of personal experience, so that the children of ordinary people have the opportunity to enter the office, bringing new vitality to the society.
1.Recognized by the times.
The introduction of the imperial examination, represented by the Jinshi department, got rid of the dependence on the background of life and broke through the monopoly of the family. Through the examination organized by **, anyone with ambition can sign up, making the election system more fair and just.
2.Upstarts are emerging.
The reform of the imperial examination system achieved remarkable results in the Tang Dynasty, so that officialdom was no longer limited to the big families. Many famous ministers, such as Fang Xuanling, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, etc., all obtained the opportunity to enter the official position through the imperial examination, and the influence of the door shadow system gradually weakened. The success of this system has not only stimulated the political enthusiasm of the children of the common people, but also made the society more just and equal.
3.The comprehensive development of the imperial examination system.
With the improvement of the imperial examination system, the Tang Dynasty gradually formed a stable system for electing officials. The imperial examination system not only changed the way officials were selected in the past, but also provided the main way of selection for the later feudal society. Through the imperial examination system, a large number of outstanding people have been effectively cultivated, making the regime more stable.
The evolution of the official election system in the Tang Dynasty was not only the mutual replacement of the door shadow system and the imperial examination system, but also a relationship of mutual penetration and complementarity. Although the door shade system has declined in some aspects, its influence is still there, coexisting with the imperial examination system. The interaction between these two systems not only made the ** aware of the threat of the family to the imperial power, but also countered this monopoly through the imperial examination system, forming a relatively balanced election mechanism.
Summary: In the historical evolution of the election of officials in the Tang Dynasty, the door shade system and the imperial examination system were composed together. The two complemented each other and together made great contributions to the political enlightenment and prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.
Through an in-depth analysis of the election system of the Tang Dynasty, we can not only get a glimpse of the political landscape of feudal society, but also understand the interaction between the consolidation of ancient political power and social development. The integration and interaction between the door shadow system and the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty not only affected the political landscape, but also provided valuable experience for subsequent regimes.
The evolution of the election system in the Tang Dynasty is like a rushing stream in the long river of history, reflecting the development trajectory of the feudal social and political system. The article profoundly outlines the historical origin and characteristics of the Menyin system, as well as its prosperity and gradual decline in the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, the rise of the imperial examination system also became a beautiful scenery in the political evolution of the Tang Dynasty.
First of all, the historical origin of the door shadow system is far-reaching, from the ancient Shiqing Shilu, Renzi system to the door shadow system, it has always been a traditional way to commend meritorious heroes and win people's hearts. However, the disadvantages of the door shade system are clearly shown in the article, such as the monopoly of the family, the **offspring becoming**, and other issues. This makes the reader question the rationality of the door-shade system and understand the reasons for its gradual decline in the mid-to-late Tang Dynasty.
Second, the rise of the imperial examination system injected new vitality into the article. The introduction of the imperial examination system has broken the monopoly of the door-shade system on the appointment of the best people, paid attention to talent and morality, and provided a fairer opportunity for the common people. The article gives a detailed description of the development of the imperial examination system and emphasizes its positive role in the political changes of the Tang Dynasty. It is particularly noteworthy that the imperial examination system not only selected excellent people, but also promoted the mobility of social classes and injected new vitality into feudal society.
Then, the article cleverly points out the interpenetration and complementarity of the door shade system and the imperial examination system. In the Tang Dynasty, these two systems did not sever diplomatic relations, but coexisted in mutual competition, forming a relatively balanced mechanism for electing officials. This is crucial to understanding the evolution of the political landscape of the Tang dynasty, highlighting the ancient regime's pluralistic attempts to explore political systems.
Finally, the article summarizes the importance of the historical evolution of the election of officials in the Tang Dynasty. It not only reveals the operation law of feudal society and politics through historical mirrors, but also emphasizes the joint contribution of the door shadow system and the imperial examination system in the political prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. This summary gives readers a deeper understanding of the complexity and multi-layered nature of political evolution in the Tang Dynasty.
On the whole, through a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the election system in the Tang Dynasty, this paper presents readers with a rich picture of political change, institutional conflict, and social development. The author skillfully combines historical details and the background of the times to profoundly reveal the dialectical relationship between the menyin system and the imperial examination system, so that readers have a more comprehensive understanding of the political situation in the Tang Dynasty.
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