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** Financial gossip
Author of Financial Gossip
Recently,The full-section tunnel boring machine "Cornerstone" rolled off the assembly line in Anshan West Anshan, Angang
This is the first time that the shield machine has entered the domestic underground iron mine, and its first time it has faced a big scene - ChinaThe largest underground iron ore mine in Anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd
Of course, there are also voices of "not environmentally friendly" this time, and "Dilong" has just started constructionPessimisticThe sound indicates:The smog is getting worse again.
However,How to take into account development and environmental protection in the development of iron ore resources, the shield machine may be able to give a better answer.
Iron ore mining with a shield machine, yesIron ore "cornerstone plan".an important part.
Although our countryThe iron ore content has always been not low, but mostlyEither it is buried deeply, or it is difficult to mine.
In such cases, although our iron oreThe amount of mining is not low, butImports are higher
2022 is already the proportion of imported iron ore in recent yearsMinimumof the year, butThere are still 110.7 billion tons, with a foreign dependence of up to 83%.
It just so happens that foreign iron minerals are mainly concentrated inBig four companies, which gives them unityLet's take the iron ore together**space.
AlthoughThe amount of iron ore mined in the world is not low, but the rate is higher.
In 2015, imported iron ore is still as long375 yuan per ton, toThe first half of 2022, and it went up820 yuan per ton, the price increase is enoughMore than double
Against such a background,"Cornerstone Plan".Born out of thin air, determined to beWithin 10-15 yearsSolve this "old problem".
In fact, how to "counterattack" China's iron ore industry, the road of rare earth development has given the answer, as long as the iron ore industry isCopy homeworkThat's it.
On the one hand, in 2022,China Mineral Resources Group was established to unify the discourse of iron ore to the outside world.
On the other hand, the development and utilization of domestic iron ore resources is also strengthened, and I thinkIt is difficult to solve iron ore miningThe problem must be "science and technology ruthless".
This time, the "Cornerstone" participated in the construction, which may be an attempt.
As a shield machine, the cornerstone is already a behemoth for human beings, and in today's domestic shield machine family, it is actually not enough to see, after all, this is only the first attempt.
"Cornerstone" and the size of the person compared to "Cornerstone".The length is 188 metersThe excavation diameter is only 703 meters
It rolled off the assembly line in Changsha not long agoThe world's largest main bearing, as a shield machinePartsOne of them,The diameter is 861 meters, which has exceeded the excavation diameter of the "Cornerstone".
But once these shield machines,I've dug railroads, built tunnels, and haven't entered underground mines.
At the front of the shield machine, like a "shield".Flat, equipped with a cutterhead and thrust system, canBreak through the dirt and rocks underground
"structure" represents the rearbelts and other parts, inBackward transportDig a hole and dig it outMuckAt the same time, you canConstruct tunnel walls
To put it simply, the shield machine is like an earthworm with termite nesting skills.
According to the "People's **" news, the shield machine was usedNot only can iron ore be mined three times more efficiently, but it is also more environmentally friendly and has a lower environmental impact than traditional drill and blast methods.
The same shield machine "dug out", which fromThe construction process of Beijing Metro Line 8You can see it.
The route passes through Wangfujing StreetDuring the construction, pedestrians passed by on the ground without feeling that the shield machine was "drilling" at a depth of 20 meters.
It is believed that the Anshan Iron and Steel West Anshan Iron Ore Project, which uses the shield machine, can make the process greener while promoting efficiency.
these"Great power and heavy weapon" is the premise of "green development".At least before we break through the technology of the shield machine, who would have thought that it would be possible to use it like thisEnvironmentally friendly and efficientHow to dig tunnels, dig tunnels?
As early as when China built the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, it buried the yearning for the shield machine.
The Chengdu-Kunming Railway, which was built in 1970, was known as the "Miracle Road", and it was all about bombing in that eraThe railroad soldiers used explosives and shovels to dig 427 tunnels
Behind this "feat", it isMore than 2000 peopleGave his life for the cause of the railway.
During a tunnel collapse, 3 soldiers died, but the father of one of the martyrs said to his granddaughter:"To be a soldier is to be prepared to sacrifice. ”
The 16-year-old girl took up a shovel and becameThe third generation of the family is a soldier, replacing the elders to continue his unfinished business
It has to be said that the "spirit of the railway soldiers" at that time was admirable, but if there were enough shield machines to replace manpower, these sacrifices might have been avoided.
However, the shield machine at that timeTechnology is used by foreign companiesIndustry monopoly, yesMoney can't buy itof heavy industrial products.
It can be said that the current lithography machine is the previous shield machine.
It was not until 1989, when the subway was repaired, that China's engineers saw the "majesty" of the shield machine in the engineering field for the first time, and they were shocked.
As an "infrastructure madman", China has a great demand for shield machines, however, when the technology is not mature, 90% of the share of shield machines are occupied by foreign companies.
In such a "seller's market" where there is a huge gap between supply and demand, our companies have suddenly become a cash cow for these foreign companies.
What's even more sad is that the shield machine is a customized product, and every time you cooperate, you need itDisclose the key parameters of the geographical location to foreign companies, quite unsafe.
There are shield machinesSky-high imports, inIn terms of service, installation and maintenance, money was invested in a shield machine.
In order to maintain these sky-high imported shield machines, foreign experts are also needed, and theyThe hourly wage is as high as 5,000 yuan, and the hourly time is calculated from the time of getting on the plane, and it will leave as soon as it is time to get off work.
Sometimes it's obviously a problem with these machines themselves, but you want people to repair itSpend millions more
Without mastering the technology yourself, the result of "making is better than buying" isNot only did the money be spent, but also the anger of others.
By the 21st century, the Chinese peopleDetermined not to be a big wrongdoer again
In 2001, the R&D project of the shield machine entered the "863 Project".
The shield machine R&D team consists of:Consists of 18 people, among othersMost of them are recent college graduates who have never even seen a shield machine
The opportunity soon came, in 2003, a project needed 3 shield machines, and a Chinese company and an American company won the bid at the same time.
Provided by U.S. businessesTechnical drawings and key parts, our enterprises are responsible for the construction and installation of other parts.
The reason why we were able to win the bid at the same time was because of this companyThe parts were removed from another machine, and the "refurbished machine" sold by this enterprise to our country was calculated according to the brand new **.
Despite the unfair treatment, the R&D team worked around the clock on hard-won drawings, successfully completed the project, and mastered the technical basis of the EPBM.
In 2008,The first domestic shield machine "China Railway No. 1" was successfully launched, undertook the construction of part of the tunnel of Tianjin Metro Line 3.
Since then, China's shield machine technology has begun to break out in an all-round way.
In 2010, the Nanjing Weisan Road Tunnel Construction Project needed a shield machine, and the German company invited bidsThe starting price is as high as 2.4 billion, China Communications Construction "pulled the gate" very hard.
Since then, CCCC Tianhe Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing has come into being.
CCCC Tianhe had consideredImported high-end parts for domestic assembly, but these parts are produced by German companies, and the bidding German shield machine companies wear a pair of pants.
Sometimes the more the blockade becomes, the stronger it becomes, CCCC Tianhe and the engineer gritted their teeth and spent14 months to overcome technical problems, for the country800 million yuan was savedGo out.
Since then, China's shield machine has begun the road of "catching up with Germany and super beauty".
In a bidding for shield machines, China Railway's equipment competed with foreign equipment.
There used to be people who thought,Even if we have conquered the shield machine technology, the quality of the shield machine is still not as good as that of foreign countries, but the result of this game slapped them in the face.
Both are thanSpeed is still better than qualityThe domestic shield machine is better than that of foreign countries, and the cost is lower.
Since then, the domestic shield machine has broken the stereotype of "poor domestic quality".
October 2023,Diameter 8The main bearing of the 61-meter shield machine was successfully developed, and on the shield machine, we can finally shout a sentence of "far ahead" without blushing.
From the first introduction to the present, China's shield machine has achieved a breakthrough from scratch and occupies 70% of the global market share.
In 2022, the scale of China's shield machine market will reach 27.6 billion yuan, of which Chinese enterprises will account for 24.8 billion yuan.
With the development of technology, the application of shield machine is becoming more and more extensiveFrom tunneling to excavating, the EPB is everywhereThis is the case with the "Cornerstone" that went to the mine this time.
The story of steel and the shield machine proves it"Science and technology are the primary productive forces."This wise saying.
When technology develops to a certain stage, some problems will be solved.
How to balance environmental protection and development was once a complex issue, and people can't help but think of the "endorsement emperor" Ma section chief who was out of the circle in 2011.
At that time, China's high-quality iron ore was scarce, but iron and steel companies were "rolling" low-end iron ore, with low income and polluting the environment.
Transformation and upgrading of the steel industryIt has become the focus, and the pillar industry of Wu'an, Hebei Province is steel, and some reporters went to investigate the production capacity.
Some netizens who claim to be from Wu'an said that the former Wu'an is indeedThe air was filled with smoke from the steel mill, Ke Wu'anEconomyCan't do withoutSteel, Wu AnSteelworkersThis is also neededworkEarn money to support your family.
YesChoose between "environmental degradation" or "laid-off workers"., it was a problem for everyone, and at that time, Chief Ma was just a microcosm of this problem.
Some netizens said that he didn't understand Chief Ma in the past, but after stepping into the society, his views changed, and when everyone has a dilemma, who has a better way to deal with it?
Laugh at Chief Ma, understand Chief Ma, and become Chief Ma.
But now, a better of both worlds has emerged.
In the eyes of some,Environmental protection and development is a "multiple-choice question", but mature people often choose "I want it".
The current Wu'an has long since begun"Steel Siege".toward"The City of Steel".The transformation was completed at the end of 2022The ultra-low emission transformation of iron and steel enterprises has also set its own "carbon peak" goal.
The West Anshan Iron Ore Project, in which "Cornerstone" participates, will also become the "world's largest, technologically advanced, green, intelligent, waste-free, and non-disturbance" underground iron mine.It's not just Xi'anshan, oursPhotovoltaic, wind, hydropowerindustry all"Far ahead".
And how to make these forces from nature reasonably delivered to the places where they are neededSupercomputers are also inseparablehelp.
If development is stagnant for the sake of environmental protection, then such a "best of both worlds" will be difficult to achieve.
Chai Jing and Academician Ding Zhongli's "Environmental Protection Question", Academician Ding Zhongli's view is very clear.
IfIf the future carbon emissions are determined, then the carbon emission right is the right to development.
Now it seems that we are trying to take our own path of environmental protection while trying to balance development, and those who once advertised themselves as environmental protection seem to have become a joke.
Of course, there are people who oppose everything we do, and what was once accused of "ignoring the lives of others for the sake of development" has now become "ignoring the lives of others for the sake of environmental protection".
It's just that more and more people are seeing clearly who is making trouble.
Whether it's environmental protection, steel bargaining power, tunneling, or seeking development, these issues maybeIn the end, it is necessary to ask for answers from scientific and technological innovation.
What do you think of the launch of the "Cornerstone"?Welcome to leave your comments and opinions in the comment area.