Enjoy the New Year"Official-oriented"The term has been used since the 80s of the last century, and there is still no unified connotation cognition. At present, academic research mainly focuses on three aspects: the root cause of the official standard, the harm of the official standard, and the governance of the official standard. This has become a fixed paradigm for official-based research for decades, and the research in every aspect is very in-depth and mature. This state of research has promoted the in-depth development of official-based research, but it has also caused official-based research to fall into a closed development track and become a bottleneck in research.
The phenomenon of the official standard in China today is rooted in a complex and long historical background, and its roots are embodied in two main levels: social consciousness and social existence. In terms of social consciousness, the ethical and cultural complex is the core of it, which shapes people's values and ways of thinking. In terms of social existence, it covers the elements of actual operation such as the elite selection method, the social operation mode and the bureaucratic management model. These two levels are intertwined and together constitute a complex system of causes of the contemporary bureaucracy.
The inheritance of ethical culture in China has a lasting characteristic, especially in terms of cultural awareness, and history and culture will not be interrupted by the emergence of a new social system. Although New China has established a new social system, history and culture still continue in people's hearts in a non-institutional way. Although the consciousness of official status was born in traditional society, after thousands of years of accumulation, it has been deeply rooted in Chinese culture and formed a fixed mode of thinking and behavior. Although the emergence of a new social system can eliminate some obvious institutional problems, those cultural factors that have taken root in people's hearts will not easily disappear.
China's mode of social operation is unique, and at first it adopted a top-down planned economic model, with the one-way concentration of power as the most prominent feature. This model concentrates national resources, but restricts individual freedom and hinders creativity. After the reform and opening up, China has relaxed the mode of social operation, promoted the market economy, and explored political reforms, but power is still hierarchical and one-way obedience, creating conditions for the continuation of the sense of official standard. However, the state now emphasizes the restraint of power through the system, which indicates the evolution of administrative management to institutional constraints, and the idea of the official standard will gradually weaken or even disappear under the supervision of the system, which is the inevitable trend of deepening reform.
In traditional societies, the imperial examination system was the main shaper of the concept of the official standard, and the elite was selected by prescribing a fixed assessment content, in which the Confucian classics dominated the system. This system emphasizes hierarchical order and ethical concepts, which leads to the proliferation of official-oriented concepts and phenomena. Although the imperial examination system has been abolished, its influence is still present in our country's education and selection system. Although the college entrance examination and the public examination system are different in content, they still retain similar characteristics to the imperial examination system, and continue other links of the imperial examination system, which not only promotes the fair and fair selection of talents, but also infiltrates the negative effects of the official-oriented concept.
Especially before the mid-90s of the last century, university graduates were assigned jobs by the state, similar to the past when the imperial court sent those who were promoted after the success of the imperial examinations. The success of the college entrance examination and public education is regarded as a success in life, not only because of the economic security, but also because of the honor and status of becoming a state worker. In addition, the evaluation criteria for the college entrance examination and the content of the public ***, in addition to the truth criteria, are more in line with the thinking of the ** class. It can be said that the general popularity and existence of the concept of official status in contemporary society is to a large extent supported by the current elite selection model and is the objective result of the current examination system.
The state management system adopts a dual structure of party committees and **, which helps to ensure the efficiency and pluralism of political rule, but there are also problems of incomplete and closed structure. At present, the relationship between the bureaucratic system is more of a one-way relationship between subordinates and superiors, and there is a lack of equality and two-way interaction. This incomplete system structure leads to the leakage of internal tensions, creating an opportunity for the growth of the phenomenon of the official standard. In order to curb the phenomenon of official position, it is necessary to further improve the elite selection model and establish a more equal and two-way hierarchical relationship to strengthen the interaction force, improve the transparency and fairness of the management system, and ensure the selection of more competent and honest people, so as to achieve more effective governance and management.
The main reason why the consciousness and phenomenon of the official standard still exist in contemporary China is that both the managers and the people who are managed are deeply rooted in the ethical and cultural complex of the official standard, which provides a hotbed for the existence of the contemporary phenomenon of the official standard. However, the official-based ethical and cultural complex only provides a possibility, not a reality. The elite selection mode, social operation mode and the objectivity alienation of the national administrative management system in contemporary society have promoted the transformation of the consciousness and phenomenon of the contemporary official standard from possibility to reality, and have become the most direct practical root of the existence of the contemporary official standard.