February** Dynamic Incentive Program
The employment and placement of retired servicemen is an important guarantee of the state for retired servicemen, involves the vital interests of millions of servicemen, and is an important part of social stability and harmonious development. From the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the current background of the new era, this policy system has continuously adapted to the needs of national development and the changes in the retired military community, reflecting the great importance and support of the state for the retired military group. With the deepening of reform and opening up and the advancement of socialist modernization, the employment placement policy for veterans and its implementation agencies have gone through the process from start-up to exploration, and then to the formation and improvement of the system, realizing the transformation from coordination to integration, from planned placement to market regulation, and from turnkey distribution to active employment.
During the period from 1949 to 1957, China's system of employment placement for retired servicemen was in the initial stage of the system, which was aimed at supporting the country's economic construction and national defense undertakings. With the continuous expansion of the liberated areas, the local government urgently needs a large number of cadres to promote local affairs and national construction, so retired soldiers have become valuable human resources. Although the large-scale resettlement of veterans encountered challenges and was often affected by changes in the situation during this initial stage, by 1958, more than 6.2 million veterans had been successfully resettled, including 4.83 million demobilized and 1.36 million demobilized, providing solid support for national construction and national defense. During the period from 1957 to 1978, the employment placement of ex-servicemen was influenced by the political and economic policy environment of the country. This period was a period of severe employment in China, and the main reasons for this included the goal of full employment set by the state, as well as the large-scale influx of rural labor into the cities, which led to the problem of urban unemployment. Against this background, the collective demobilization of retired servicemen has become an important feature, including the transformation of public security forces into people's police and the collective demobilization of military cadres to rural areas to carry out production and construction. The efforts made during this period not only solved the problem of labor demand in urban and rural areas, but also provided valuable material and spiritual wealth for the country, especially in the fields of developing the Great Northern Wilderness and Daqing Oilfield, and made outstanding contributions to China's economic construction and rural development.
During the period from 1978 to 1987, with the advancement of reform and opening up, the employability of society was improved, and the collective economy and individual economy flourished. However, with the implementation of the household responsibility system in rural areas, retired servicemen from rural areas are faced with a contradiction between the original resettlement standards and their desire to actively pursue hard work and prosperity. On the one hand, maintaining social stability and serving the country's economic construction and national defense construction have become the main goals. On the other hand, we should encourage the cultivation of dual-use personnel and support retired servicemen to take the road of hard work and prosperity. Various localities have taken various measures to provide job placement services for veterans, such as providing funds, loans, technical support, etc., to help them achieve good economic results in rural areas. During this period, about 6 million ex-servicemen were placed in employment, mainly in rural areas. Since 1987, China has entered the stage of perfecting the employment placement system for retired servicemen, focusing on strengthening the service guarantee system, and establishing a clear management guarantee mechanism, aiming to make retired servicemen a profession respected by society. The military service law has been amended several times, and a system of employment placement for retired servicemen has been established, which focuses on supporting employment and combines various methods. In 2018, the first and military departments at all levels jointly issued opinions on promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of veterans in the new era, and achieved remarkable results, including holding special job fairs, placing demobilized cadres, and building a unified information database to provide more employment opportunities and support for veterans. In addition, the pension standards for retired servicemen have been raised, social insurance has been continued, and the environment for employment and entrepreneurship has gradually improved.
The Law on the Protection of Retired Servicemen, which came into effect in 2021, defines retired servicemen as officers, non-commissioned officers, and conscripts who have retired from active duty in the People's Liberation Army in accordance with the law. Before the implementation of this law, local governments at all levels set up "demobilized veterans resettlement offices" and "demobilized military cadres resettlement working groups", which are respectively responsible for handling the acceptance and placement of retired soldiers and demobilized military cadres, and coordinating with relevant departments. With the establishment of the Ministry of Veterans Affairs, the department is responsible for the security of veterans nationwide, while the local veterans affairs department is responsible for the security work in the administrative region. For example, the employment policy for retired non-commissioned officers and conscripts is issued by the civil affairs department, while the employment policy for retired officers is issued by the human resources and social security department. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the important task of "strengthening the honor incentives and rights and interests of military personnel and their families, and doing a good job in the service guarantee of retired soldiers". In the 2023 ** work report, it is also emphasized that it is necessary to "do a good job in the preferential treatment and pension of military personnel, military families, retired soldiers and other preferential care objects". These important policy directives make clear the state's commitment to continue to pay attention to and care for the rights and well-being of military personnel and their families, and also attach importance to the service and protection of retired servicemen and other beneficiaries of preferential care. This further demonstrates the country's respect and support for military and retired servicemen to ensure that they receive the honor and security they deserve in society.
The job placement of veterans is a complex and long-term process that requires the joint efforts of policymakers, implementing agencies, veterans themselves, and all sectors of society. Facing the future, with the continuous development of social economy and the continuous improvement of the national governance system, the employment placement of veterans will continue to be optimized and innovated to better serve the veterans and help them achieve a smooth transition and successful integration into society.