textLiu Minggang
As an important member of the party's first generation of leading collectives, one of the most prominent characteristics is that he loves to learn and is particularly diligent. During his extraordinary revolutionary career of several decades, he never slackened, always made full use of all available time, kept his hands on the books, read and pondered, and thus mastered the essence of Marxism and became a knowledgeable person.
's "sitting gong" is quite famous
**Since childhood, I have been particularly fond of reading. From the age of 9 to 10, he studied in Luojiatang and Yuetang for two years, and he read the Four Books and the Five Classics. During class, the old gentleman's recitation of scriptures and incomprehensible narration made some students feel bored, tired of learning, and regarded learning as a chore. However, ** listened to the teacher's story mercilessly, he was like a sponge absorbing water, eager to suck all the knowledge into his head. Not only did he work hard to read the books in class, but he also went to find books to read in his spare time, and then developed the habit of keeping his hands on the books. **There is a classmate named Zhou Zusan, his father Zhou Ruishan, who studied in Japan, is also a member of the League, likes to buy new books and periodicals, and has a lot of books at home. **I often go to Zhou Zusan's house to borrow books, and take notes while reading. Seeing that he was gifted and diligent and studious, the Zhou family was happy to receive him to read and study with Zhou Zusan at home.
At home, ** turned a room where he lived into a book room, with a book borrowed or collected from various places stacked in the room. Whenever he had time, he hid in the house alone and read quietly, enjoying it.
Reading books has made *** learn a lot of knowledge. Gradually, people found that when this man was arguing with his friends or talking with adults, he often quoted scriptures and could tell some truths between his words, which made him famous in his hometown. Because he ranked ninth, he often looked for books to borrow books everywhere, and he couldn't release the volume, so everyone gave him a nickname: "Liu Jiu Bookcase".
The sky is unpredictable. **When he was 12 years old, his father died of illness. At this time, he suffered from severe dysentery and had to suspend his studies. The introverted *** was depressed for a while, but he didn't forget to read, and often went to Zhou's house to borrow books to read. Later, after returning to school, he successively read books about the Huangchao Uprising, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, and the Boxer Rebellion.
After studying in private school, ** studied in Ningxiang Yutan School, Ningxiang Provincial Middle School, Hunan Army Lecture Hall, Changsha Private Yucai Middle School, Baoding Yude Middle School Preparatory Class for Studying in France, Shanghai Foreign Chinese Society, and Moscow Eastern University. Because he developed the habit of reading, he has always been very close to his studies.
Xiao Jinguang has been a classmate twice at Shanghai Foreign Chinese Society and Moscow Eastern University. He was impressed by his studiousness. He wrote in his memoirs: After we arrived in Shanghai, we met Comrade Shaoqi. He came to Shanghai before us and studied Russian with us. Soon after Comrade Bi Shi and I joined the Russian language class, we joined the work-study auxiliary group. Comrade Shaoqi is one of the leaders of our organization. He was an upright man, full of revolutionary ideals, very serious in his work, and very hard in his studies. After arriving at the Eastern University in Moscow, Comrade Shaoqi devoted himself to his studies and work. In the morning, he studied Russian with us, and in the afternoon we participated in some social activities. Sometimes they carved steel plates together and printed leaflets; Sometimes I go to the factory to contact and do some propaganda work; Sometimes workmanship. On anniversaries, we participate in the parade, and most of us hold flagpoles in front of us. In addition to studying Russian, we also studied Marxism-Leninism every Sunday, mainly by inviting people to give lectures. Comrade Shaoqi has almost no personal hobbies, never chats casually, and does not go out on the street casually. We don't live together, but when we see him, it's mostly learning.
After returning from the Soviet Union, ** threw himself into the torrent of revolution and has always held important leadership positions. Wu Xinyu, who works beside him, recalled: **Over the years, he has developed the habit of reading and writing late at night every day, and often pacing around the yard on important issues, thinking about them repeatedly. We slept at night, and he was still walking in the yard before going to write. Often we wake up with the lights still on in his house.
In 1921, he took a group photo with the teachers and staff of the Anyuan Road Miners' Club Workers' Tutorial School. The second person standing from the right in the second row is ***
Li Taihe, the chief of the guard, recalled: After Comrade Shaoqi took office, state activities were very busy, and under normal circumstances, he had to work seventeen or eighteen hours a day, and when he encountered meetings or other special tasks, he could only sleep two or three hours a day, and sometimes he had to rotate continuously. His concept of time is that every second counts, but there is also a pattern in his work. After getting up every day, I first asked the secretary to report what urgent matters and activities were arranged, and then browsed the newspapers of the day, and if there were no other activities after breakfast, I began to review documents or write things, and did not leave the office until about two o'clock in the morning of the next day, and did not go to sleep immediately when I returned to the dormitory, and often sat cross-legged on the bed to read the domestic and foreign reference materials of the day. Sometimes, it takes two or three hours to watch, and if nothing else, it is just sitting cross-legged on the bed and reading the information, which everyone admires very much. Some of the young guards said: "Comrade Shaoqi is so old that he can sit cross-legged for hours, and we can't compare with him when we are so young." They didn't know that this was a skill that Comrade Shaoqi had cultivated over a long period of time during the war years. When Comrade Shaoqi was working in the office, his thoughts were highly concentrated, and sometimes when we went in, he didn't even know it. Therefore, except for the chairman, the prime minister or other important notices that need to be reported to him immediately, generally not too urgent matters are reported when he eats and walks.
**Gifted and avid to read, reading is an integral part of life. Always learning makes him have profound knowledge and excellent wisdom. India's ambassador to China told Edgar ** to first give the impression of an ordinary appearance. The five-minute conversation demonstrated that the man had a very rigorous logical thinking ability, was able to get to the heart of the problem very quickly, and was able to give a forceful and thoughtful concise answer. ”
I conscientiously read several large volumes of "Compendium of the General History of China".
**Attaches great importance to the study and study of the Party's history. On July 1, 1948, in a report commemorating the 27th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, he focused on this issue, saying: "The emergence of the Communist Party of China is an unprecedented and important event in the history of China. Since the birth of the Communist Party of China, history has entered a new period. Since then, the development of Chinese history has been inseparable from the Communist Party, not only from the Communist Party, but also with the Party as the backbone. The victory or defeat of the CCP, advance or retreat, all represent China's victory or defeat, forward or backward. The CCP is advancing, China is advancing, the CCP is retreating, and China is retreating. If you don't understand the history of the Chinese Communist Party, you can't understand China's modern history. Therefore, how our cadres study and understand the history of our party today is a very important matter. Because there is a lot of experience in understanding the history of how the Party has developed, that is, how China has developed in modern times. ”
In July 1948, the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Marxist-Leninist Institute, and was the president of the Marxist-Leninist Institute. In order to strengthen the teaching of history, in accordance with the instructions of the Communist Party of China, the Marxist-Leninist Institute also set up a special teaching and research department of Chinese history, the history of the Communist Party of China, the modern history of the world and the history of China, and invited famous scholars Zhang Ruxin, Chen Changhao, Lu Zhenyu, Hu Cheng, etc., to preside over the work of these teaching and research departments or teach courses in this area. The Marxist-Leninist Institute (including after it was changed to a party school) also added lectures on history, and invited many famous historians to give lectures. At that time, the students of the Marxist-Leninist Institute and later the first party school said with great experience that the study of history is indeed helpful to understand Marxism-Leninism and ideology, from which they can understand the law of development of social history, learn universal truths, and learn to apply the Marxist stand, viewpoint, and method.
** Cadres are not only required to study history, but also to practice and find time to read history books.
In December 1951, ** went to the farmland to inspect the grafted fruit tree seedlings during his stay in Hangzhou.
At the end of November 1951, **arranged to go to the south to inspect and recuperate. Since he came to work, he has not had the opportunity to go to various places to see it, except for the transfer of war and the necessary outings. Now, all aspects of work are gradually on the right track, so that we have the opportunity and conditions to visit. This time, ** went to a lot of places, but the longest place to stay was Hangzhou, almost a little more than a month.
Usually intense and busy work, so that *** really can't spare a whole block of time to study, which he always feels very regretful. This time I went to the south for a vacation, ** felt that this was a good opportunity to study, so when I set off from Beijing, I stuffed several thick copies of "Compendium of General History of China" by Fan Wenlan into my luggage bag.
On the shore of West Lake, the smoke is vast, the willows are still around, and the scenery is beautiful. However, ** is not interested in the scenery of lakes and mountains, but immerses himself in studying the general history of China. He thought that after the liberation of the whole country and the fact that the Communist Party had become the ruling party, what an arduous undertaking it was to lead a large country with a population of several hundred million to build socialism! Therefore, it is necessary to be familiar with history, learn from history, and draw useful experience from the history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. Every day, he wears reading glasses and sits quietly in the room reading a book. He read and thought at the same time, holding a pencil in his hand, and from time to time circled the book and wrote eyebrows. In some cases, the margins of the pages were almost full. **'s "sitting gong" is famous, sometimes he sits and reads, and can be unmoved for hours on end, entering a state of intoxication and self-forgetfulness.
The vacation is over, and several large volumes of "Compendium of the General History of China" have also been read. ** Relaxed, and energetic to work.
Organize the study of the Soviet "Textbook of Political Economy".
** Attaches great importance to the study of theories, believing that the study of theories is necessary for the revolutionary struggle. He said: Our party has been a Marxist political party since its birth, but since the party was born, "it has been engaged in practical struggle and the great revolution since its birth, and it has not been able to stop until now, and the three million party members throughout the country are fighting every day, bloodless, bloodless, open, secret, military, political, economic, and cultural." In such a tense environment of struggle, there are one thing, such as reading, studying theories, and historical materialism, which has not been clear for more than 20 years, and the theoretical preparation is insufficient." He also said that as far as our party as a whole is concerned, the theory is mature, "it has Sinicized Marxism", "it has been done very successfully", and "from the perspective of party members and cadres, the theoretical level is not high." We must overcome this fundamental defect in order to meet the urgent needs of the current objective situation.
** It was also emphasized that after the victory of the revolution, it was more necessary to study theory. He said: "Now that the Chinese revolution has been victorious, it will not be possible if you don't study." In the past, things were simple on the mountain, but when we went down the mountain and into the city, the problem became complicated, and we had to manage the whole country, and things became more difficult. Many people are worried that if we worked hard before we won the world, we might become as corrupt as the Kuomintang after we won the world. There is some reason for their fears. In China, a backward agricultural country, a village chief and a county party secretary can claim to be the king and hegemon. After the victory, there will inevitably be some people who will become corrupt and bureaucratic. Therefore, it does not mean that Marx's books should not be read after victory, but on the contrary, especially after the victory of the revolution, it is all the more necessary to read more theoretical books and be familiar with theories, otherwise the danger will be greater due to the complexity of the environment. ”
**Take a photo in Zhongnanhai.
In 1958, the "Great Leap Forward," high targets, and exaggerated style of "leftist" mistakes were caused by the lack of theoretical cultivation of the party's leading cadres and the ideological subjectivism, dogmatism, and bureaucratic style of work. ** In summing up the experience of this period of history, he once again stressed the importance of studying Marxist-Leninist theory, especially the importance of strengthening the study of Marxism-Leninism among high-ranking cadres.
At the beginning of 1959, heavy work and long-term sleep deprivation ruthlessly damaged ***'s body, which was not very strong. He suffered from severe frozen shoulder, and his arms could not be lifted or straightened, so he had to pull his arms up with a strap, and while fighting the disease tenaciously, he still worked day and night. The doctor advised him to rest many times**, but he said it was okay as if nothing happened.
One day, Wang Guangmei met *** in Chun Couple, and by the way, she told him about *** frozen shoulder. ** said: "Frozen shoulder, I know, I had it when I was in Yan'an, this is our man's menopausal syndrome. Soon, with the approval of ***, it was decided to let *** go to Yaxian County, Hainan Island (now Sanya, Hainan) to rest for a period of time and treat his illness at the same time.
Decide to use this time to read a little bit. ** In November 1958, he wrote a letter to the Party committees at and above the county level entitled "Suggestions on Reading", and later, he repeatedly called for reading, asking everyone to read the third edition of the Soviet "Textbook of Political Economy". **I have long wanted to drill into this book against the problems that have occurred in economic construction since 1958, but I usually have constant chores, and it is rare to sit down quietly. Now, at last, there's a chance.
When I arrived in Hainan, after resting for two days, I gathered my entourage and said: "We should make full use of this rare opportunity to study political economy, and we will all participate in it and form a study group together." In order to help with tutoring, he also invited two economists, Xue Weiqiao and Wang Xuewen, from Beijing to be teachers through the General Office of the Communist Party of China. So many people together make a chic study class. A head of state, with secretaries, guards, and **, sit around to study and discuss, which is probably something that has not existed in ancient and modern China and abroad.
In 1959, ** read and discussed the "Textbook of Political Economy" compiled by the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences with Tao Zhu, the first secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, Lin Liming, the secretary, Xue Weiqiao, Wang Xuewen, economists, and the staff around him.
At the first study meeting, ** talked about the requirements: "Today, we are going to start studying, I will first talk about a few suggestions: First, the study seminar will take the form of a forum, everyone should speak enthusiastically, say what they have to say, express their opinions, and speak freely. Debates could also be initiated. Second, at the study meeting, everyone is a student, regardless of whether they are superiors or subordinates, so don't be afraid to say the wrong thing. Third, it is necessary to study theory and integrate it with practice. Fourth, this textbook of political economy in the USSR was summed up by them on the basis of their own experience, and is not a universal truth. We can only learn from our own reality. Some of the content is difficult to understand, so if you don't understand or don't understand, feel free to ask the two teachers for advice. Fifth, what we say here, don't go around here. If you want to talk about it, you can only take it as a personal opinion, and you will be responsible for your mistakes. Because we are studying the problem, not making a decision, let alone making a conclusion. ”
This opening remark clarified the goal and eliminated everyone's concerns.
In the past month or so, I have studied very hard and seriously. When reading, he wore glasses and gnawed word by word, circling the book in many places; During the discussions, he shared many unique insights and often shared his learning experiences and methods. For some difficult chapters, he asked two experts to explain them repeatedly until everyone understood them. Reading has increased my knowledge and broadened my minds, which has benefited me a lot.
In late November, **received a notice from the CCP** that he should attend the ** work conference, so he ended his vacation and rushed to Hangzhou. His study seminar had only come to an end. However, the matter of organizing the study of the "Textbook of Political Economy" was soon known. He thought this method was good, and he also brought some comrades to live in Hangzhou to read and discuss the textbook of the Soviet Union. Then, I asked some ministers to live in Conghua, Guangdong, and read the book carefully. For a time, it became common for the senior leaders of the Communist Party of China to study political economy. Everyone hopes that through reading and studying, they will further sum up their experience and find out a road for socialist construction that suits China's national conditions.
"It is entirely possible to become a Marxist-Leninist politician".
**The importance of learning and applying Marxist-Leninist standpoints, viewpoints, and methods has been emphasized many times. He said: "Just reading a few books and having some theoretical knowledge does not mean that you have a theory. After reading books and adding a little theoretical knowledge, this is only the possibility of applying theories, and dealing with practical problems cannot be solved by books alone. Some people only know how to turn over books, but he knows all about Chinese and foreign countries, and when you talk about any problem, he can turn the book out immediately. However, when it comes to practical problems, Marx did not talk about them, nor did Lenin talk about them, and he himself did not know how to analyze and deal with them, that is, he did not know how to use the Marxist-Leninist standpoint, viewpoint, and method to deal with problems. Only when we encounter problems and can we observe, analyze, and deal with them with the Marxist-Leninist standpoint, viewpoint, and method, and handle them well, "can we be called having some theories" and "we can be regarded as having learned theories."
He is both a brilliant theorist and a brilliant doer. He attached great importance to the unity of theory and practice, was good at applying the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism to the specific reality of China's revolution and construction, and was diligent in investigation and study and summing up experience. He is good at raising practical experience to the theoretical level, and often writes non-stop, and writes many glorious documents. His articles are sharp, vivid and lively, raise questions from a strategic position, analyze problems, and solve problems and seek truth from facts, so he is favored by the world.
The earliest evaluation of the chapter was at the Politburo meeting on June 3, 1937. **Commenting on several letters written by *** to **: "He is also basically right, he is vigorous, he systematically points out the diseases that the Party has suffered on this issue in the past, and he is a doctor who hits the nail on the head." For ***'s diligent study, ** has said more than once: "If you don't study for three days, you can't catch up."
"On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members".
** In his life, he made many theoretical achievements, especially in the theory of party building, and the most influential of them was "On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members" written in July 1939. *High demands on learning. In the article "On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members", he raised and answered the following questions:
Some people say that the ideas and qualities of a great genius revolutionary like the founder of Marxism-Leninism cannot be learned, and it is impossible to raise one's own ideas and qualities to the same level as those of the founder of Marxism-Leninism. They saw the founder of Marxism-Leninism as an inherently mysterious figure. Is this statement and view correct? I don't think so.
It is true that our ordinary comrades today are far from having the same high genius and scientific knowledge as the founders of Marxism-Leninism, and the majority of our comrades are not as profound and profound in the theory of the proletarian revolution as they are. However, as long as our comrades are truly determined, truly consciously and always stand in the post of the vanguard fighters of the proletariat, truly possess the communist world outlook, and never deviate from the great and profound revolutionary movement of the proletariat and all the working masses at present, and work hard to study, temper and cultivate, then we will master the theories and methods of Marxism-Leninism, cultivate the style of Marx and Lenin in the course of work and struggle, and constantly improve our revolutionary qualities. Leninist politicians, this is quite possible.
** It is confidently predicted that efforts should be made to propagate and study Marxism-Leninism so that "the Chinese nation will become one of the nations with the highest theoretical level in the world." And he himself is undoubtedly one of our most shining role models in this regard.
At the symposium commemorating the 120th anniversary of the birth of Comrade ***, the general secretary said, "Comrade *** is a glorious example of diligent study and the unity of knowledge and action. "Comrades are good at learning from books and practice, and they are even better at combining these two aspects of study. He paid attention to integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with the concrete reality of China's revolution and construction, made concrete analyses of many theoretical and practical issues, made bold explorations, and put forward his own views. He is good at elevating his rich practical experience to a theoretical level and using it to guide the development of practice. ** Comrades observe problems profoundly and thoroughly, analyze things thoroughly, expose contradictions sharply and violently, and show the valuable character of a Marxist theoretician. ”
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