There is a clear distinction between primary and secondary hypertension. Essential hypertension is an unknown form of hypertension, which usually occurs in a certain genetic background, accounting for more than 90% of patients with hypertension. Secondary hypertension, on the other hand, is an increase in blood pressure caused by other diseases, and it is clear that it accounts for only 5% to 10% of patients with hypertension.
Essential hypertension and secondary hypertension are very different, such as different clinical manifestations, different blood pressure levels, and different difficulties.
*Different. The pathogenesis of essential hypertension is complex and involves a variety of factors, including genetics, environment, and lifestyle habits. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, and the prevalence is significantly higher in people with a positive family history. Environmental factors also play an important role in the development of essential hypertension, including diet, mental stress, smoking, etc. Long-term high-salt diet, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of exercise and other unhealthy lifestyle habits can also increase the risk of essential hypertension.
There are many types of secondary hypertension, including kidney disease, endocrine disease, cardiovascular disease, etc. Kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis can cause renal parenchymal hypertension, which is one of the most common secondary hypertensions. Endocrine diseases such as pheochromocytoma and primary hyperaldosteronism can also cause an increase in blood pressure. In addition, cardiovascular diseases such as coarctation of the aorta and Takayasu's arteritis can also lead to the occurrence of secondary hypertension.
2.The clinical presentation varies.
Most of the essential hypertension has a slow onset and lacks special clinical manifestations, and the visible symptoms include dizziness, headache, fatigue, palpitations, etc. Secondary hypertension has manifestations of the primary disease, such as primary hyperaldosteronism, and patients have symptoms such as muscle weakness, polydipsia, and polyuria.
3.means of inspection.
Diagnosing essential hypertension and secondary hypertension requires a series of tests. In terms of laboratory tests, routine examination items include blood routine, urine routine, renal function, blood glucose, blood lipids, etc., which are helpful to understand the patient's general condition and screen for potential **. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram** are useful in diagnosing cardiovascular disease and assessing heart function. For patients with suspected secondary hypertension, corresponding special examinations are required, such as renal ultrasound, renal angiography, adrenal CT, etc.
3.Blood pressure levels are different.
Essential hypertension can be graded according to the numerical value, which can be divided into grades, and the blood pressure can drop to a normal level after taking the medication. Secondary hypertension generally manifests as refractory hypertension if it is not the primary disease.
4.*Difficulty varies.
At present, there is no ** method for essential hypertension, which mainly includes lifestyle modification and medication**, of which medication** is the main means of long-term blood pressure control.
The ** of secondary hypertension is mainly carried out for **. For hypertension caused by kidney disease,** the focus is on protecting kidney function and controlling blood pressure; For hypertension caused by endocrine diseases, the principle is to replenish the deficient hormone or suppress the excessive hormone secretion; For hypertension caused by cardiovascular diseases, the principle is to improve the blood supply to the myocardium, reduce the workload of the heart, etc. At the same time, antihypertensive drugs are also needed to control blood pressure to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
In conclusion, essential hypertension and secondary hypertension are two different diseases, and the methods are different. Understanding the distinction between primary and secondary hypertension is important for early detection, early** and control of hypertension. By improving their lifestyle and adherence to medications**, people with essential hypertension can effectively control their blood pressure and reduce their risk of cardiovascular events; Patients with secondary hypertension need to be targeted for ** to achieve ** or alleviate high blood pressure.