This article is from "Nankai Sun Pharmacist", which is used for medical science popularization for reference. What are the symptoms of high blood pressure?What symptoms indicate a more serious condition?Which high blood pressure medication must be taken?Which high blood pressure medications can be left without taking blood pressure medications?
Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, the incidence of hypertension in China is increasing year by year, conservatively estimated that there are more than 200 million hypertension patients in the country, but the awareness rate, the highest rate and the control rate of hypertension are still low, and the prevention and treatment of hypertension has a long way to go. Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and its major complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and chronic kidney disease can lead to disability and death. Hypertension is the result of the interaction of a variety of genetic factors and environmental factors, ** is not very clear, the vast majority of hypertensive patients need to take antihypertensive drugs for a long time to control blood pressure, so that the blood pressure reaches the standard, so as to prevent target organ damage, improve the quality of life of patients, and effectively reduce the burden of disease.
Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg without the use of antihypertensive drugs. Common symptoms of hypertension include headache, dizziness, neck stiffness, palpitations, fatigue, etc., in the occurrence of hypertensive emergencies, blurred vision, nosebleeds and other symptoms may also occur, typical hypertension headache can disappear after the blood pressure drops, hypertension patients can be combined with other causes of headache, such as migraine, glaucoma, mental anxiety headache, etc., often unrelated to blood pressure levels.
The most terrible thing about hypertension is its damage to target organs such as heart, brain, kidney, and blood vessels, such as cerebral hemorrhage caused by hypertension, stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases, which can cause severe dizziness, dizziness, headache and other symptoms, and can also be accompanied by one or both limb weakness, speech impairment, vision impairment and other symptomsHeart failure caused by hypertension can cause symptoms such as dyspnea, palpitation, dizziness, fatigue, tiredness, cough, sputum production, and hemoptysisCoronary heart disease caused by hypertension may have typical symptoms such as sudden chest pain and precordial discomfort after emotional agitation or activity, as well as atypical symptoms such as chest tightness, wheezing, throat tightness, toothache, and pain in both upper limbsChronic renal failure caused by hypertension can cause mild discomfort such as backache, fatigue, and increased nocturia, and a small number of patients may have loss of appetite and anemia, and as the disease progresses, acute left heart failure, severe hyperkalemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, central nervous system disorders, etcAortic dissection due to hypertension may present with sudden, persistent, tearing, or knife-like pain in the anterior chest or back of the chest.
Many friends believe that hypertension does not have symptoms, indicating that it is not serious, and does not need to be intervened, let alone take medicine, this concept is wrong, although most patients with hypertension have no clinical symptoms, but the damage of hypertension to the heart, brain, kidneys, eyes and other target organs is persistent, if not timely intervention, once there are complications of hypertension, the consequences are unimaginable, therefore, if hypertensive patients have chest tightness, shortness of breath, angina, For symptoms such as polyuria, you should seek medical attention in time, improve relevant examinations, and actively ** under the guidance of a doctor. In addition, some symptoms may be caused by adverse reactions of antihypertensive drugs, and attention should be paid to screening, and if severe dizziness and vertigo occur, the possibility of hypotension should also be considered.
Which people with high blood pressure must take blood pressure medication?First of all, after several weeks of lifestyle modification, the blood pressure is still higher than 140 90mmHg, the drug should be started in time**. Secondly, blood pressure 160 100mmHg, medication should be started**. Finally, hypertensive patients with damage to target organs such as the heart, kidney, and brain, such as proteinuria found in urine routine, elevated serum creatinine in biochemical examination, and myocardial hypertrophy found in electrocardiogram, should take antihypertensive drugs in time.
There are also many netizens and friends who ask Pharmacist Sun, does having high blood pressure mean that you have to take blood pressure medicine for a lifetime?The answer to this question is not so positive, some patients can really skip blood pressure medication:
1.Improve lifestyle and blood pressure standards: hypertension is a "lifestyle disease", the vast majority of hypertension patients have a bad lifestyle, if through lifestyle adjustments, such as reducing salt intake, increasing potassium intake, quitting smoking, not drinking too much alcohol, weight control, regular physical exercise, reducing mental pressure, maintaining psychological balance, etc., hypertension patients whose blood pressure can reach the target can not take antihypertensive drugs.
2.Secondary hypertension: Hypertension is divided into essential hypertension and secondary hypertension, with primary hypertension** unknown, which may be related to genetics and poor lifestyle, and usually requires lifestyle modifications and medications**. Secondary hypertension refers to hypertension caused by a certain disease, such as kidney disease, primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome caused by hypertension are secondary hypertension, after removal or control, secondary symptoms of hypertension can be ** or significantly relieved, do not need to use antihypertensive drugs.
3.White coat hypertension: White coat hypertension refers to the measurement of blood pressure value of 140 90mmHg in the hospital office, and the self-measurement of blood pressure value at home < 135 85mmHg, which may be related to the patient's mood, stress and external factors.