Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels due to insufficient or ineffective insulin. The harm of blood sugar is a complication of high blood sugar. Therefore, what diabetics need to do is to control their sugar and keep their blood sugar at a normal level as much as possible.
We all know that diabetes is closely related to dietary patterns, and diet directly affects blood sugar levels and insulin sensitivity, so for diabetic patients, a scientific and reasonable dietary pattern is the key to managing the disease!
Recently, researchers from the School of Public Health of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine published an article entitled "Nutrients", the top journal of nutrition"Effect of dietary approaches on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized trials）"research.
*：nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3156;
The study analysed 42 randomised controlled trials (4809 people with type 2 diabetes) comparing 10 dietary patterns. Studies have found that ketogenic diets, Mediterranean diets, moderate-carbohydrate diets, and low-glycemic index diets are the most effective options for controlling blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes. While research mentions the superiority of the ketogenic diet, further high-quality and long-term research is needed to strengthen its credibility.
Specifically, the 10 dietary patterns studied were:Low-carb diet, medium-carb diet, ketogenic diet, low-fat diet, high-protein diet, Mediterranean diet, vegetarian, low glycemic index diet, recommended diet, regular diet.
Low-carb diet:No more than 25% carbohydrates in total energy intake;
Medium carbohydrate diet:Carbohydrates account for 25%-45% of total energy intake;
Ketogenic diet:Carbohydrates account for 5%-10% of total energy intake, protein accounts for 20%-30%, and fat accounts for 60%-80%;
Low-fat diet:No more than 30% fat in total energy intake; high intake of cereals and cereals; 10%-15% protein intake;
High-protein diet:Protein accounts for 25%-35% of total energy intake;
Mediterranean diet:a daily intake of abundant vegetables, a variety of minimally processed whole grain breads and other grains and legumes as staple foods, nuts and seeds, fresh fruits as typical daily desserts; Cold-pressed extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), nuts and seeds as the main fats**; Low to moderate intake of dairy products (mainly local cheese and yogurt), moderate intake of fish, poultry and eggs, low intake of red meat (about once a week), moderate consumption of wine, usually with meals;
Vegetarian Vegan:No intake of meat and fish, no intake of animal products;
Low glycemic index diet (low GI diet):Eat foods that come mostly from a low glycemic index, such as beans, peas, lentils, pasta, rye bread, wheat flakes, barley, and oats;
Recommended Diet:(e.g., recommendations based on ADA guidelines);
Control diet Regular diet:The control diet was used as our reference diet, and the other diets were compared to the reference diet and the results were presented.
Analysis of SUCRA values (higher SUCRA values indicate that the intervention is more effective in all aspects).The three most effective dietary patterns in lowering HbA1C were the ketogenic diet (97.)5%), Mediterranean diet (78.).1%) and a low glycemic index diet (69%).
When it comes to lowering fasting blood sugar, the top three dietary patterns are the medium-carb diet (82.).7%), low glycemic index diet (75.).4%) and ketogenic diet (71%).
Finally, a two-dimensional cluster map of HbA1c and fasting blood glucose was combinedIt can be seen that the ketogenic diet, Mediterranean diet, moderate carbohydrate diet, and low glycemic index diet performed well in controlling HbA1C and fasting blood glucose, while the regular diet worked the worst. This suggests that the adoption of dietary interventions is essential for glycemic control! Consistent adoption of a regular diet is the least desirable option.
Two-dimensional cluster plots of HbA1c and fasting blood glucose clustering (A = control group, B = recommended diet, C = low carbohydrate diet, D = moderate carbohydrate diet, E = ketogenic diet, F = low-fat diet, G = high protein diet, H = Mediterranean diet, I = vegetarian vegan diet, J = low GI diet).
In general,The ketogenic diet, the Mediterranean diet, the moderate-carbohydrate diet, and the low glycemic index diet are the most effective options for controlling blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It is important to emphasize that a personalized diet plan is essential for effective diabetes management. Therefore, during this process, sugar lovers need to work closely with medical professionals to make regular assessments and adjustments to help ensure that the diet plan is in line with the individual's specific health conditions and goals.
References:
1]jing t, zhang s, bai m, chen z, gao s, li s, zhang j. effect of dietary approaches on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized trials. nutrients. 2023 jul 15;15(14):3156. doi: 10.3390/nu15143156.