This passage of "Reading the Minutes of Reading History and Public Opinion" tells the historical events that after the death of Qin Shi Huang, people from all over the country rose up against the Qin Dynasty and finally brought about the fall of the Qin Dynasty.
Xiang Yu led five princes to destroy Qin within three years, ** the world, and sealed the princes, called'Overlord'。
Although his position was not maintained to the end, since ancient times, no one has been able to do so.
Original:The first emperor did not, and the people of Shandong rose up and died in Qin.Translation:After the death of Qin Shi Huang, the people east of the Kushan Mountains rose up against the Qin Dynasty, causing the Qin Dynasty to fall.Shi Luo: At the beginning, Chen Sheng raised troops in Qi, and slightly went to Chen, as the king of Chu. So Pei Gong raised troops in Pei, Xiang Yu raised troops in Wu, and Tian Dan, Jing Ju, etc., also claimed to be kings in their respective places. Even if Xiang Yu broke the chapter and the Han army was in Julu, the Qin army surrendered. Pei Gong led troops, entered Wuguan from Nanyang, went around Yaoguan, stepped on the mountain, broke the Qin army in Lantian, and reached the hegemony, Ziying descended, and then entered Xianyang. Even Xiang Yu also led troops to Henan, entered the letter to Guguan to see, and slaughtered Xianyang to the east.
Shi Luo records that initially, Chen Sheng raised troops in Qi County, conquered Chendi, and proclaimed himself the king of Chu.
So, Pei Gong raised troops in Pei County, Xiang Yu raised troops in Wu Land, and Tian Dan, Jing Ju and others also proclaimed themselves kings in their respective territories.
Later, Xiang Yu defeated Zhang Han's army at Julu, and all the Qin troops surrendered.
Pei Gong led the troops, entered Wuguan from Nanyang, bypassed the pass, crossed the Jiashan Mountain, defeated the Qin army at Lantian, and reached Bashang, Ziying surrendered, so he entered Xianyang.
Later, Xiang Yu also led troops to Henan, entered Hangu Pass, Xianyang, and then returned east.
Original:Xiang Yu also came from Xianyang, divided the king's generals: Chu was divided into four, Shi Luo: Yu established himself as the overlord of Western Chu, Wang Liang, Chu Di, and Du Pengcheng; Wu Rui is the king of Hengshan, and he is all in the capital; Yingbu is the king of Jiujiang, all six; Gongao is the king of Linjiang, and the capital is Jiangling.Translation:After Xiang Yu returned from Xianyang, he divided the various places to his generals:Zhao is divided into two, Shi Luo: Zhang Er is the king of Changshan, Wang Zhaodi, and the capital Xiangguo; King Zhao Xiexi Wang Dai, as the acting king.
Qi is divided into three, Shi Luo: Tiandu is the king of Qi, all Linzi; Tian An is the king of Jibei, Du Boyang; Qi Wangtian City is the king of Jiaodong, all of which are ink.
Yan is divided into two, Shi Luo: Zang Tu is the king of Yan, all thistle; Han Guang, the king of Yan, was the king of Liaodong, and there was no end.
Wei is divided into two, and the history is omitted: the leopard of Wei is the king of Western Wei, Wang Hedong, and Pingyang; Sima Wei is the king of Yin, the king of Hanoi, and all of them are singing.
Han is divided into two, and the history is omitted: the king of Han becomes the king of Han, Duyang Zhai Shenyang is the king of Henan, and the capital is Luoyang.
Qin was divided into three, and Hanzhong was divided into four.
Shi Luo: Zhang Han is the king of Yong, west of Wang Xianyang, all of which are ruined hills; Sima Xin is the king of Sai, and Wang Xianyang is east of the river, and the capital is Liyang; Dong Fei is the king of Zhai, Wang Shangjun, and all high slaves.
Pei Gong is the king of Han, Wang Ba, Shu, Hanzhong, and Nanzheng.
Sima Qian said: Qin lost his government, Chen was the first to be difficult, and Haojie rose. Yu Qi Longmu, three years, then the five princes will be destroyed Qin, ** the world, and the princes, the government by the feather out, number'Overlord'Although the position is not final, since ancient times, there has not been a taste. 」
Chu is divided into four parts:
Xiang Yu proclaimed himself the overlord of Western Chu, ruling over Liang and Chu, with the capital in Pengcheng.
Wu Rui was named the king of Hengshan, and the capital was located in Yicheng.
Yingbu was named the king of Jiujiang, and the capital was set up in six counties.
Gongao was named the king of Linjiang, and the capital was located in Jiangling.
Zhao is divided into two parts:
Zhang Er was named the king of Changshan and ruled the land of Zhao, with the capital set up in Xiangguo.
Zhao Wangxi was moved to Daidi and became the acting king.
Qi is divided into three parts:
Tiandu was named the king of Qi, and the capital was located in Linzi.
Tian An was named the king of Jibei, and the capital was located in Boyang.
Qi Wangtian City was moved to Jiaodong and became the king of Jiaodong, and the capital was located in Jimo.
The swallow is divided into two parts:
Zang Di was named the king of Yan, and the capital was located in Ji.
Han Guang, the king of Yan, was moved to Liaodong and became the king of Liaodong, and the capital was set up in Wuzhong.
Wei is divided into two parts:
Wei Bao was moved to the Western Wei Dynasty and became the king of the Western Wei Dynasty, ruling Hedong with his capital in Pingyang.
Sima Wei was named King of Yin and ruled Hanoi, with the capital set up in Chaoge.
Han is divided into two parts:
Han Wangcheng continued to serve as the king of Han, and the capital was located in Yangzhai.
Shenyang was named the king of Henan, and the capital was located in Luoyang.
Qin was divided into three parts, and Hanzhong was incorporated into it to become four:
Zhang Han was named King Yong, ruling the area west of Xianyang, and the capital was located in the waste hill.
Sima Xin was named the king of Sai and ruled the area east of Xianyang to the river, with the capital set up in Liyang.
Dong Fei was named King Zhai and ruled Shangjun, with the capital set up in Gaonu.
Pei Gong was named the king of Han and ruled Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong, with the capital located in Nanzheng.
Sima Qian commented: ".Qin lost power, Chen Shi was the first to revolt, and the heroes revolted one after another. Xiang Yu rose to prominence in Longmu, within three years, he led five princes to destroy Qin, ** the world, the princes, the power was controlled by him, known as the 'overlord', although his position was not maintained to the end, but since ancient times, no one has been able to do this
Xiang Yu's road to the overlord started from Huiji County against Qin (209 BC-207 BC), and was named the Duke of Lu by King Huai of Chu.
In the Battle of Julu, he led the Chu army of 50,000 to defeat the Qin army of 400,000 (207 BC), which determined the fall of the Qin Dynasty.
Entered Xianyang, Guanzhong (206 BC) to kill the prince of Qin, burned the Qin palace room in Xianyang, and the fire lasted for three months.
In the same year, he divided the world and proclaimed himself the "Overlord of Western Chu", ruling the nine counties of Liang and Chu in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.
Chu and Han held each other (206 BC-202 BC), and Liu Bang, the king of Han, attacked Xiang Yu from the Han ** soldiers, and launched the Chu-Han War that lasted four years.
In 202 BC, Xiang Yu was defeated by Liu Bang's 600,000 allied troops commanded by the princes in the Battle of Qixia, and after breaking through to Wujiang, he killed himself.
Although Xiang Yu's personal bravery and talent are very important, if he cannot get the support of the people, then the final result is doomed to failure.
Xiang Yu divided the feudal system among his generals, and although this practice of dividing the feudal system may stabilize the situation in the short term, in the long run, it will lead to the division of local forces, which will lead to greater social unrest.