From February 3 to 5 in the Gregorian calendar every year, when the sun reaches the ecliptic longitude of 315°, it ushers in the beginning of the spring solar term. The beginning of spring, the beginning of the four o'clock, the twenty-four solar terms have opened a new cycle so far. "On the first day of spring, the grass sprouts", "Yang and sting, everything is spring". After the beginning of spring, the ice and snow melt, the grass sprouts, and everything is reborn.
The beginning of spring
The beginning of spring is the beginning of the four seasons, and the ancient book "Qunfang Spectrum" explains it: "Li, the beginning of the construction." Spring begins to build also. "From the beginning of spring, the weather has fallen, the earth qi has risen, the yin and yang qi have resumed their circulation again, the heaven and the earth are harmonious, and the plants and trees are flourishing. Since the Qin Dynasty, China has used the beginning of spring as the beginning of spring.
In fact, the "beginning of spring" mentioned by the ancients does not mean the advent of spring, but the germination of spring - "the beginning of spring on the first day, the grass back to sprout". Although spring has been established, in terms of temperature, it is still freezing. Lichun ranks as the "third coldest" in the 24 solar terms, second only to Xiaohan and Dahan. Even in spring, the cold air often blows a burst of "inverted spring cold", so there is a saying of "peach blossom snow" in March and "plum frost" in April.
In ancient times, the symbol of spring was the "thawing of the east wind", as long as the weather tends to warm up, even if it is cold, it is considered spring. In modern times, only when the average daily temperature reaches more than 10 for 5 consecutive days, and there is no longer a "return to the horse gun" in winter, it is considered spring.
Therefore, at this time, the so-called "Lichun" is just a "idea".
Under the deconstruction of "Mr. Meteorology" Song Yingjie, spring has three levels: spring at the astronomical level, spring at the agricultural level, and spring at the climate level.
The first sign of the beginning of spring is that the east wind thaws, and after the beginning of spring, the ice and snow melt, so the "spring" of the beginning of spring is the time of the beginning of thawing, which belongs to the astronomical level of spring.
When the count of nine is finished, the cold is full of spring, and the spring at this time is the arable weather, which belongs to the spring at the agricultural level.
When the average temperature of the day is stable above 10, it is the real spring, which belongs to the climatic level of spring.
It can be seen that the idea of the beginning of spring, and the subsequent "willow color ** tender, pear blossom white snow fragrance" is the epitome of the phenological process of spring. People always go through the years in a way that is ahead of their minds and lagging behind in phenology - although the weather is still cold, their hearts are warm; People are also more willing to capture the spring when the flowers are not blooming - "mistakenly ask the flowers about the color of spring, but do not know that spring is not in bloom".
The great cold is followed by the beginning of spring, and when the cold is extreme, it becomes warmer. There's not a winter that can't be lived, there's not a spring that won't come.
Three waits for the beginning of spring
Wait for the east wind to thaw. The ancients called the east wind Junfeng, also known as the baby wind, which is soft and warm. With the east wind, warmth arrives, the snow and ice begin to melt, and the earth begins to thaw. "Lü's Spring and Autumn" has a saying: "The virtue of spring, if you don't believe in the wind, you won't be able to flower." "The virtue of spring is embodied in the wind, if the east wind can not come on time, the grass and trees will not be able to "spring breeze blow and grow again".
The second wait: the stinging insect begins to vibrate. Hibernating animals are keenly aware of the warmth of the east wind and yawn or stretch while half-asleep. At this time, the animals have not finished hibernation, but are just stretching their muscles and bones in the "bed".
Three Waits: Fish Negative Ice. The ice begins to thaw, and the fish that have been silent for a winter swim, absorb oxygen, and feed in the water, and there are still broken ice ballast on the surface that has not yet melted, making it look like fish swimming with ice on their backs.
Flower trade winds
A wait, welcome spring. "Jin Yingcui's calyx is cold in spring, and there are a few yellow flowers. "The spring flower is named because it blooms first among the hundred flowers, and ushers in the spring when the flowers bloom after the flower, and is called the "Four Friends in the Snow" along with plum blossoms, narcissus and camellias.
Cherry. "Thousands of cherries, shining like snow". When ripe, the fruit is bright red and delicate. Regular food, has the effect of "making people good color, beautiful will".
Three Waits Wangchun. "Langyuan moves roots skillfully and hardy, and this flower is seen in the snow. Wangchun is also known as white magnolia, magnolia flower, the appearance is very much like a lotus, when it is in full bloom, the petals spread in all directions, the white light is dazzling, and it is the ideal flower type for beautifying the courtyard.
Lichun persuasion
The beginning of spring was an important festival in ancient times, called "Spring Festival", and the first day of the new year was called "Yuan Day" and "New Year's Day". After the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in modern times, the title "New Year's Day" was given to January 1 of the Gregorian calendar, and the title "Spring Festival" was given to the first day of the Lunar New Year. As a result, the "beginning of spring" only has the identity of solar terms.
Historical Records of the Book of Heavenly Officials" cloud: "The beginning of spring, the beginning of the four o'clock." "The beginning of spring not only symbolizes the end of winter and the return of spring, but also provides a time coordinate for a new round of agricultural production activities.
The ancients attached great importance to the beginning of spring, and if there was no beginning of spring in the lunar year, it was called a "blind year". As the old saying goes, "the beginning of spring should be early, and the beginning of autumn should be late", and the early and late of the beginning of spring is related to the early and late of people's agricultural production. For the early or late spring, there are two ways to distinguish between the early and late spring: 1It is distinguished by the time of the intersection. Before 12 noon, the festival is the early spring, and after 12 noon, it is the late spring. 2.It is distinguished by the morning and evening of the lunar calendar. The beginning of the spring solar term occurs in the first half of the month as the early beginning of spring, and the appearance in the second half of the month is the late beginning of spring.
For spring, there is also an anthropomorphic title for the folk, called "spring neck", which refers to the period from the Spring Festival to the Qingming Festival, that is, the preparation time between the people celebrating the Spring Festival and "before and after the Qingming Festival, planting melons and beans". In this sense, the word spring neck itself has the meaning of persuading ploughing.
There is no strict definition of the so-called long spring neck or short spring neck, only the two solar terms of the beginning of spring and Qingming are used as the standard time nodes.
The beginning of spring thaws, Qingming sowing, from thawing to sowing, about 60 days apart. The earliest Spring Festival in history is January 21, 75 days from Qingming; The latest Spring Festival is February 20, 45 days before Qingming. As a result, the shortest spring neck is one month shorter than the longest spring neck.
At the end of the first year of spring, the planting is calculated early", "people are not lazy, and the granary is full after autumn". For farmers, the beginning of spring is the beginning of a busy year, how much land to cultivate, how many seeds to prepare, how much fertilizer to apply, all need to be calculated, after the beginning of spring, they must start to work. It is also a truth for the whole country, the annual output of spring-sown grains such as early rice, spring wheat, and spring-sown corn accounts for about 60% of the year; Winter wheat and other spring grain production accounted for nearly 40 percent of the main rations. With this reckoning, we can understand how important the phrase "the plan of the year lies in spring" is to secure China's rice bowl.
The beginning of spring, the planning for the year of the year, gradually began to ......
Lichun folk customs
In ancient times, "the beginning of spring" is not only an important solar term, but also a lively folk festival, in order to welcome the spring, our people have "welcome spring" sacrifice on this day, "beat spring" to pray for abundance, "bite spring" to seek blessings, "explore spring" and other activities.
Welcome spring
Since ancient times, the beginning of spring has been a major festival, called the beginning of the Spring Festival. The official Spring Festival activities sprouted in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the first for the official sacrificial ceremony, led by the Son of Heaven to the eastern suburbs to hold a ceremony, pray for a good harvest, reward the ministers, and Bude Decree to benefit the people.
There are two idols in the Spring Festival event: Mangshen and Spring Cow. The god of mang, also known as the god of mang, is not only the god of spring who is in charge of the germination of all things, but also the god who dominates agricultural production. The spring ox is not only the main animal force in agriculture, but also corresponds to the ox in the ancient trunk branch system, and the ox unearthed in December means to send away the cold. The images of the gods and spring cows, and the colors of their costumes are closely related to the five elements of the heavenly stems and the earthly branches, yin and yang, so that people can know the cold, warm, water and drought of the coming year, as well as the harvest and failure of the year.
This kind of activity has influenced the people, making it a national spring festival for generations to come. To this day, some places still worship the earth god and the god of Jumang (spring god) on the day of the beginning of spring, occupying the direction of the wind, looking at the clouds, and occupying the year.
Hit the spring
Lichun, also known as "beating spring", because whipping spring cattle, was once a popular custom in the whole country. That is not only a salute to spring, but also an expectation for abundance. Lichun whipped the spring cow, not the real cow, but the clay cow. It is intended to remind people that the plan of the year lies in spring, and it is necessary to pay close attention to spring plowing and production, and not to miss the agricultural time.
The whipping of the earth ox in the beginning of spring comes from the earth ox that sends cold air. "The Book of Rites: The Moon Order" "Ji Dong" Tiaoyun: "Unearthed cattle to send cold." The Book of Later Han Etiquette also quoted: "Six earthen cattle were set up in the ugly land outside the county seat of the national capital to send the great cold." In the Han Dynasty, as cattle were widely used in agricultural production, native cattle were also endowed with functions such as welcoming spring and persuading farmers, and their relationship with Lichun became more and more close, and its meaning of sending cold gradually turned to the meaning of persuading farmers.
On the day of the beginning of spring in ancient times, the state and county ** dressed up and waited for the arrival of the beginning of spring, and the people also lined up to stand on their respective venues. As soon as the time of the beginning of spring arrives, the prefect or the prefect of the county immediately raises the whip to beat the spring ox, and some counties also sing "a dozen winds and rains, two dozen of the country and the people, three dozen and four seasons of peace". After three whips in a row, then the other officials according to the level of status and grade of the whip, until the earth ox is broken, the belly of the earth cow is filled with the symbol of harvest and joy of the five grains will fall one after another, at this time the people rush up, scramble for the broken spring cow soil, it is said that the broken spring cow soil sprinkled in the cattle pen can greatly promote the growth and reproduction of the cattle. Everyone cheered and congratulated each other, saying that this year's wind and rain were smooth, the grains were abundant, and the atmosphere reached the climax.
Bite the spring
At the beginning of spring, the folk have the custom of "biting spring": eating spring plates, eating spring cakes, eating spring rolls, and chewing radish. Spring platter refers to the use of vegetables, fruits, cakes, bait, etc. to feed relatives and friends or self-consumption.
The custom of biting spring was first seen in the Jin Dynasty, and the wind of eating spring cakes was prevalent in the Tang and Song dynasties. Du Fu's poem "Beginning of Spring" said: "In spring, the spring plate is finely lettuce, and I suddenly recall the time when the two Beijing plums are made." At that time, he lived in a remote place in his later years, and there were still spring dishes of "fine lettuce", which shows that the custom of eating spring dishes in spring was widely spread.
It is generally believed that the spring plate evolved from the Wuxin plate of the Jin Dynasty, according to the records of the Jin Dynasty Zhou Department "Feng Tu Ji", "Wuxin" first referred to garlic, garlic, leeks, cloud moss, coriander, and later evolved into lettuce leaves, white radish and other contents. Su Shi has a poem: "I feel that the east wind is cold, and the artemisia and yellow leeks try the spring plate." It can be seen that the main dishes of the spring plate in the Song Dynasty are Artemisia annua and yellow leek.
With the development of the times, the ritual was gradually simplified, and many families did not set up a spring plate on the day of the beginning of spring, but replaced it with a radish. As recorded in "The History of the Ming Palace, Good Diet": "At the beginning of spring, all the noble and the lowly chew radish, and the name is biting spring." ”
To this day, some places in the north still eat radish, taking the meaning of the ancients "bite the grass roots, then everything can be done", while most places eat spring cakes and spring rolls.
Selected poems of the beginning of spring
People are in the spring. Don Lou Tong.
Spring returns to infinite spring, and now Fang Shi Jue**.
From now on, self-denial should still be reached, and the face and plum blossoms are renewed.
Spring goes to spring and comes again, spring is infinite, but I finally feel that today is and yesterday is not, like waking up from a dream. From now on, we should "self-denial and revenge", like the plum blossoms that bloom alone in the harsh winter, and maintain the state of "Gou is new, new every day, and new every day".
Minus the word magnolia Lichun.
Song Su Shi. Spring cow spring cane, infinite spring breeze to the sea. The beggars are spring workers, dyed pink like flesh red.
Spring flags are victorious, and a gust of spring breeze blows wine to wake up. It is not like the end of the world, and the poplar flowers are rolled up like snowflakes.
The first sentence of this word, the spring cow and the spring cane, and the spring banner and spring victory all start from the customs of the beginning of spring, and the second sentence follows the "spring breeze" from the east. The peach blossoms are dyed red, the poplars are dyed white, the red and white are contrasting, and they are extraordinarily enchanting.
Spring. Song Huang Tingjian.
Leeks and seedlings cook cakes, and the wild old don't know spring.
Look at the mirror road like a hand, leaning on the building plum to shine on people.
The aroma of spring leeks is fragrant, very **, suggesting the deliciousness and vitality of spring, but Ye Lao is indifferent to this, but puts his mind on plum blossoms. This poem uses plum as a metaphor, even if the spring leek ** is big, the poet must be like a plum blossom, although he is in adversity, he is not affected by the outside world, and he is still calm and blooming alone.
Butterfly Love Flower, Wushen Yuan Hitachi Spring Banquet Intermittent.
Song Xin gave up the disease.
Who wins to the pepper hairpin? The whole Shaohua is striving for the spring breeze sideburns. In the past, I couldn't remember the province, and hated the New Year for the flowers.
In the future, I will ask first. The night hates to open late, and the morning is close again. This year's flowering period is fixed, but the wind and rain are not accurate.
At the beginning of the spring custom, people compete to take out the spring flags from the pepper plate, insert the two sideburns, and the spring breeze is proud. Before the arrival of this spring, the poet searched for the flowering period, but the flowering period was short, and the late bloom made people impatiently waiting, and the early blooming made people worry that it would soon wither. Today's spring, the flowering period can be determined, but after the ups and downs of spring, who knows if this year's flowers can be as expected?
Fourteen rhymes of the beginning of spring (excerpt).
Song Liu Kezhuang.
The peasants are to blame, and most of them are coveted.
It is quite heard that the body is red, and the blame is dry.
The tail of the cloud is white, and it is also worried about the cold in winter.
I can't plow, and I sigh at it.
The poem describes the various anxieties of the villagers who use the earth ox to occupy the new year: the red color of the earth ox represents the fire of the earth branch of the year, which is hot and dry, suggesting that the climate is arid; The white color of the horn represents the gold of the heavenly stem on the beginning of spring, and the gold lord kills it, which is also not good for farming.
The beginning of spring is occasional. Song Zhang.
There is little frost in the late year, and the grass and trees in the world know when spring arrives.
I felt that the business in front of me was full, and the east wind blew the water and the green was uneven.
At the beginning of the spring season, the frost gradually decreases, the spring sprouts, the grass and trees turn green, as if seeing the spring breeze everywhere in front of you, rippling blue waves. The sentences are lively and dynamic. List of high-quality authors