Chairman Mao has made countless friends in his life, which can be called a social cow , and his con

has made countless friends in his life, and in today's words, he is a full "social cow".

Whether it is a high-level intellectual, or a farmer in the field, ** can talk to them.

However, there is also a "threshold" for making friends, which does not mean that he judges people by his appearance or by his financial status, but that he has his own set of standards in the process of making friends.

Throughout his life, his ideas and theories have been formed in continuous practice and exploration, and his interactions with various friends are indispensable catalysts.

So, from youth to old age, how exactly do you make friends?

In 1913, the young man was admitted to the Hunan Provincial Fourth Normal School, and the following year, the Fourth Division was merged into the Hunan First Normal School.

** He studied at Hunan No. 1 Normal School for a total of 5 years, where he spent an important stage of his youth.

Later, after graduating from the first division, he did not enter other schools for further study, but came directly to the "social university", so this period of student life is particularly precious.

In the first normal school, ** got acquainted with progressive students such as Xiao Zisheng and He Shuheng, and they often talked about philosophy and current affairs together.

Especially Xiao Zisheng, in the initial stage, ** had a very close relationship with Xiao Zisheng, and it is not an exaggeration to say that he is a close friend.

Both of them are proud protégés of Yang Changji, appreciate each other, promote each other, and often walk along the Xiangjiang River after class to discuss their learning experiences.

However, ** is actually a classmate of Xiao Zisheng's younger brother, he is three terms later than Xiao Zisheng, and in 1915, Xiao Zisheng left school after graduation.

Although the two often exchanged letters, *** gradually felt the loneliness of lack of friends.

So, in the autumn of 1915, the thirsty *** published a "friend notice" in the newspaper:

"Asking for friends: Solicit people who are aspiring and willing to contribute to saving the country and the people.

The "Dating Notice" was responded to by the "three and a half" youth, and was later nicknamed "three and a half" friends by ***.

One of them, Luo Zhanglong, later also joined the Communist Party, but eventually switched.

The other two youths later turned into ultra-reactionaries, and because they did not name them when they recalled, there was no way to know who they were.

There is also "half" refers to Li Lisan, Li Lisan met with the young man at that time, and after listening to the conditions he proposed, he left without saying a word, and the two of them really got acquainted with each other, or when they worked together in the party.

Although this dating notice did not bring real friends to ***, we can also see the principle of dating in youth.

That is, young people should have lofty ideals.

It is precisely for this reason that he stated in the notice that he wanted to make friends with "young people who are hardworking, determined, and ready to sacrifice their lives for the country."

During this period, ** with friends about the law in three chapters:

That is, not to talk about money, not to talk about problems between men and women, not to talk about family trivialities.

From the perspective of modern people, the gathering of friends is nothing more than the exchange of their own life and emotional problems.

The young people believe that young people should have a serious attitude when making friends, and it is a waste of time to talk about personal trivial matters, which is not helpful to the mind.

Once, he was communicating at a friend's house.

Unexpectedly, in the middle of the conversation, this friend suddenly said that he wanted to buy some meat, and then called a servant in front of him and ordered him to buy a piece of meat.

At that time, *** felt very angry and would never meet him again.

With such a principle, young people have made a large number of like-minded friends, such as He Shuheng, Li Weihan, Yang Kaihui, Zhou Shizhao, etc.

They only talked about major matters together, involving human nature, human society, the world, the universe, etc., and they were worried about China, which was extremely weak and barren at that time, and while communicating, they actively explored ways to save the country.

In the summer of 1918, ** established the Xinmin Society with Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng and others.

The main purpose of the society is to continue the principle of making friends:

“..Activities are based on the purpose of 'renovating academics, improving conduct, and improving people's hearts and customs'. ”

The aforementioned Xiao Zisheng is also one of the initiators and backbones of the Xinmin Society, he once went to France to work and study, and later had a big disagreement with *** in political opinions, and finally the two parted ways.

For this reason, we have to talk about the transformation of dating standards and political ideology.

In 1918, Wu Yuzhang, Cai Yuanpei and others issued a call in Beijing to organize aspiring young people to go to France for work-study programs.

Some members of the Xinmin Society aspire to it, and as the main person in charge of the Xinmin Society, they have done a lot of work for this.

Soon, a group of students rushed to Beijing from Hunan to prepare for France-related matters, and young people were among them.

However, at the last moment of embarkation, ** chose to stay in China, and he believed that the domestic world was also vast and worth studying.

In this way, ** gave up the opportunity to study in France, and with the help of his teacher Yang Changji, he came to Peking University to work as a librarian for a period of time.

At Peking University, he got acquainted with a large number of progressives such as Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, and this experience was very important for ***.

As early as when he was studying in Hunan, ** read "New Youth" founded by Chen Duxiu, and he highly respected Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Hu Shi and others who wrote articles to lead the New Culture Movement.

Although he came to Peking University, he was only a librarian and a poor student from the countryside, while Chen Duxiu and others mostly held teaching positions at Peking University, and the two sides were very different in status.

However, he did not make a fool of himself, and he seized every opportunity to exchange and study with these people who were the first to come into contact with the advanced revolutionary achievements of foreign countries and express his thoughts.

They also look at this motivated young man differently, among them, Li Dazhao has a great influence on ***.

Li Dazhao, who came back from studying in Japan at that time, was invited by Cai Yuanpei to be the director of the Peking University Library, and then, ** came here as an assistant manager, which is equivalent to Li Dazhao's subordinates.

During the half year I worked in the library, I asked Li Dazhao for advice in person whenever I had the opportunity.

During this time, Li Dazhao happened to be studying the October Revolution and Marxism, and this also affected the youth

After exchanges and observations, Li Dazhao believes that although he is not a student of Peking University, he is not worse than them in terms of ideology and knowledge.

So, he applied for a class certificate for *** and encouraged him to audit the courses of Peking University.

**I am very happy to go to the class whenever I have time.

Li Dazhao was also very enthusiastic about asking for advice, not only answering all questions, but also introducing him to many mentors and friends, including Hu Shi (Hu Shi was one of the initiators of the New Culture Movement at that time and was famous) and Shao Piaoping.

In November 1918, Li Dazhao delivered a speech on the street "The Victory of the Common People", ** was also one of the audience, and his heart was very shocked.

Before this, he was greatly influenced by no-**ism, so he had a lot in common with Xiao Zisheng.

After coming to Peking University, ** was influenced by Li Dazhao, began to contact Marxism, and eventually became a staunch Marxist.

And his best friend Xiao Zisheng, because he studied in France, became more and more admired for no-**ism.

The two disagreed and eventually parted ways.

As for how to save the country, young people saw the power of ordinary people from Marxism, while Xiao Zisheng pinned his hopes on "ruling by doing nothing" and lay in the rich township and waved his pen.

They are not destined to be all the way, and they will no longer be able to continue their friendship.

After leaving Peking University, ** presided over the vigorous "Expulsion Movement" in Hunan (the second expulsion movement, the first time was to expel the principal Zhang Gan), vowing to drive the great warlord Zhang Jingyao out of Hunan.

In order to achieve this goal, he wrote to Hu Shi, Li Dazhao and others for help, and continued to run between Hunan and Beijing.

After many efforts, the "Exorcism Movement" finally achieved victory.

Imagine, if the trip to Peking University did not have the courage to make "high-level" friends, the "expulsion" may not be so smooth.

And this point was even more prominent in the Red Army's line adjustment after the failure of the fifth "anti-encirclement and suppression" campaign.

In 1935, during the Long March, the Politburo was transferred to Zunyi, Guizhou, and in January, an important meeting was held, known as the "Zunyi Conference".

This meeting established the leading position in the party, and enabled the Communist Party of China and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army under the encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang army to embark on a new line and regain their lives.

However, before the meeting, ** was not in a good situation, and was even marginalized for a time.

So, how did he gain the support of the majority of the Politburo members and move to the center of power?

In 1931, Wang Ming went to the Soviet Union as a representative of the Comintern, and he proposed that Bogu, who had just returned from Moscow and was only 25 years old, be the provisional leader.

Later, due to Wang Ming's remote command, Bogu and others continued to adhere to the "left-leaning" doctrine, ** was gradually deprived of the real power of leadership in all aspects, and became the "wooden bodhisattva" in the organization.

At that time, although he was resentful in his heart, he never gave up paying attention to everything in the party and the army.

In 1934, due to the erroneous command of Bogu and Li De, the fifth "anti-encirclement and suppression" failed, and in order to preserve the revolutionary fire, the great Long March began.

There were a total of 10 Politburo members who followed the Red Army on the Long March, namely Bo Gu, Zhang Wentian, Wang Jiaxiang, Kaifeng, and Deng Fa.

Among these 10 people, half of them had experience in studying in the Soviet Union, and among them, the members of the Soviet Union headed by Bogu were called the "internationalists."

** is an alternate member, with neither real power nor status, so to speak, on the edge of the center of power.

But in order to save the endangered revolutionary ranks, he seized every opportunity to express his views and try to win supporters.

During the Long March, ** acted with Wang Jiaxiang and Zhang Wentian, which was intentional.

Among the members of the Politburo, the two of them were of high status, and it was only by dividing them from the "left" line that they could confront Bogu.

Against this background, ** must have their support in order to have a chance to save the Red Army.

In a sense, Bogu created such conditions for him.

Zhang Wentian was originally a member of the "internationalist faction", he and Bogu were classmates in the Soviet Union, and later took charge of propaganda work in the **Soviet region.

After several "anti-encirclement and suppression" actions, the contradiction between Zhang Wentian and Bogu became bigger and bigger, until Guangchang lost his hand, and a fierce dispute broke out between the two.

Zhang Wentian later recalled that he never wanted to be the general secretary, but Bogu "climbed on his head", which made him feel very uncomfortable, he thought that Bogu was not worthy, and then he never thought about the question of "**worthiness".

In fact, for ***, Zhang Wentian initially had an attitude of "respecting and staying away".

Originally, the two didn't have much intersection, Zhang Wentian was elegant, and at that time, *** was known for his hot temper, and it was common sense that they couldn't get together.

After the Bolo contradiction (Zhang Wentian's pseudonym Luo Fu) intensified, Zhang Wentian gradually realized the correctness of his views and began to get closer to him.

On the eve of the Long March, Zhang Wentian confided his dissatisfaction with Bogu and Li De to ***, and *** was also listening carefully to Zhang Wentian's heart.

This open-hearted exchange laid a good foundation for the two to reach an agreement.

Since then, ** often took the initiative to communicate with Zhang Wentian and stated his views on some major issues to him.

In frequent contact, the relationship between the two heated up day by day, and Zhang Wentian was finally won to his side.

Later, *** recalled:

When his opinion was not accepted by everyone, he waited, and when he had the opportunity, he spoke, educated, and persuaded. ”

At this time, Wang Jiaxiang was the vice chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and he already had a military background, so it was easier to understand his proposition.

He admired ***'s ideas before the Long March, and he also supported *** at the "Ningdu Conference".

During the Long March, Wang Jiaxiang and *** sat on the same stretcher due to injury, and they chatted while walking, and gradually reached an agreement.

Li De once accused ***

"Regardless of the discipline of the march, he stayed in this regiment for a while, and in that regiment for a while, with the aim of nothing more than to persuade the commanders and commissars of the regiments and divisions to accept his ideas. ”

After the Zunyi Conference began, the leading position of the Red Army was finally established, and the Red Army also ushered in an opportunity to turn the tables against the wind.

In the long course of the revolution, ** always unites all friends, he has a famous saying:

"To engage in politics is to make as many friends as possible and as few enemies as possible. ”

In the course of the revolution, there have been many like-minded friends, who have the same revolutionary beliefs and shed blood and sacrificed for the revolution together.

In addition, **'s friends are also all over the party and all walks of life, all kinds of identities, as long as they support the revolutionary cause and do not do things that endanger the country and the people, he is happy to socialize.

** He never holds a grudge against someone who has a "holiday" with him, as long as the other party has not made a mistake of principle, he is willing to accept and become friends again.

Even the principal Zhang Gan, who almost expelled him, took good care of him in his later years and treated him with courtesy.

**When he was still studying at Hunan No. 1 Normal School, Zhang Gan was the principal at that time.

In 1915, the school's students were dissatisfied with the tuition increase and the extension of the semester.

As an activist, ** drafted a fiercely worded "declaration to expel Zhang" to expel Zhang Gan from school.

Zhang Gan was very annoyed by this, and he must expel the students who took the lead, and in the end, although he was not really expelled, he still gave him a big demerit.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, ** recalled the old principal and said with emotion:

Now it seems that there was not much need to rush Zhang at that time, and the school stipulated that each student should pay an extra 10 yuan in tuition and miscellaneous fees, which was not advocated by Zhang Gan, and all the blame could not be blamed on him.

As for asking us to read more than half a year, I am also worried that we will not be able to keep up, which is very beneficial to us, and I still hate myself for reading less! ”

**Invited Zhang Gan to come to the house for dinner, and also called Li Min and Li Ne to introduce their old principals to them:

"You usually talk about how good your teacher is, this is my teacher, and our teacher is also very good. ”

Under the arrangement of ***, Zhang Gan stayed in Beijing for a total of 2 months, during which a doctor examined his body, and he was also invited to Tiananmen Square to watch the ceremony on the National Day this year.

After Zhang Gan left Beijing, they remained in touch.

In his later years, Zhang Gan was seriously ill, and ** deliberately took out 2,000 yuan in cash from the manuscript fee to solve his living needs.

It can be said that ** treats the old principal not only without any guilt, but also very courteous.

Not only Zhang Gan, but also the master of Chinese painting Qi Baishi, the poet Ai Qing, and the American journalist Strong. Even former elementary school classmates, old comrades-in-arms, etc., are happy to socialize.

Regardless of class, regardless of status, maintain principles, make good friends, do not be arrogant when you are frustrated, and do not be arrogant and arrogant when you are developed.

This is the principle of making friends, and it is still outdated.

References:

"The Concept of Dating of Youth *** and Its Enlightenment to Contemporary Youth".

"The Transfer of High-level Power of the Communist Party of China before the Zunyi Conference: A Historical Investigation of the Formation of Leadership Authority".

"The Way of Making Friends".

"Draw the Largest "Concentric Circles" - The Enlightenment of Making Friends to the Friendship and Friendship of Cadres in the New Era".